隐孢子虫P23基因的原核表达及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将隐孢子虫鼠基因型（Cryptosporidium mouse genotype）P23基因亚克隆到pGEX-4T-1载体中,并用大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）为宿主菌诱导表达。以纯化的rP23为诊断抗原,建立隐孢子虫间接ELISA检测方法,观察其敏感性、特异性和重复性,并对临床血清样品进行检测。结果隐孢子虫鼠基因型P23基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,Western blot检测显示rP23能被隐孢子虫感染兔血清识别。以纯化rP23为诊断抗原,成功地建立了检测兔隐孢子虫病的间接ELISA技术。对23份临床血清检测结果显示,该方法检出率高于Sheather＇s蔗糖漂浮法、套式PCR法。本研究结果为研制兔隐孢子虫病诊断试剂盒打下了基础。     

应用表达微小隐孢子虫P23的重组干酪乳杆菌建立微小隐孢子虫IFAT诊断方法

本试验旨在建立IFAT和间接ELISA方法作为微小隐孢子虫病诊断方法.应用DNA重组技术,构建原核表达载体pGEX-P23,经IPTG诱导表达出GST-P23融合蛋白,并进行纯化,将该重组融合蛋白作为包被抗原,建立ELISA诊断方法;同样构建重组载体pMG-P23,用电转化方法将其转入干酪乳杆菌中,称为重组活干酪乳杆菌(含pMG-P23),以此为已知抗原,建立IFAT诊断方法.应用ELISA和IFAT方法检测来自内蒙古地区的508份牛血清、187份绵羊血清和197份山羊血清:其中ELISA方法在各种动物血清中阳性率依次分别为0.59%、5.88%和4.57%,而IFAT方法则为0.19%、5.88%和4.57%.2种检测方法阳性符合率在牛血清样品中为33.33%,在绵羊和山羊中则均为100%.试验结果表明,重组抗原P23具有良好的反应原性,2种诊断方法的结果基本吻合,显示出良好的一致性和敏感性,可在微小隐孢子虫病的诊断实践中推广应用.     

微小隐孢子虫病毒衣壳蛋白抗体检测ELISA方法的建立

为建立快捷的含病毒隐孢子虫的检测方法,本研究利用已构建的微小隐孢子虫病毒衣壳蛋白重组表达质粒表达并纯化重组蛋白,建立以该重组衣壳蛋白为包被抗原检测抗体的间接ELISA检测方法.经优化后间接ELISA的最佳条件为:抗原包被浓度为0.25 μg/孔,被检血清稀释度为1:200,酶标二抗稀释度为1:2000,封闭液为含5％脱脂奶粉的PBST溶液.该方法检测安氏隐孢子虫阳性血清,柔嫩艾美尔球虫阳性血清,蓝氏贾第虫阳性血清,弓形虫阳性血清与微小隐孢子虫阳性结果均为阴性.该方法灵敏度为1:1600,特异性较强且具可重复性,可用于含病毒隐孢子虫的抗体检测及流行病学调查.     

以CP23重组蛋白为抗原建立检测微小隐孢子虫抗体间接ELISA方法的研究

摘要：以在E.coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CP23为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E.coli表达的CP23抗原包被酶标板，用10％免血清进行封闭，以正常E.coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。实验表明应用CP23重组蛋白作为诊断C.parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

基于微小隐孢子虫重组CP15/60蛋白的间接ELISA检测方法的建立及上海市猪隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为建立敏感、特异的猪隐孢子虫感染血清学检测方法,了解上海市猪隐孢子虫感染情况,以纯化的重组CP15/60(r CP15/60)为诊断抗原,建立了检测隐孢子虫感染的间接ELISA方法,并对上海市猪隐孢子虫感染情况进行血清学调查。结果显示,与Nested PCR方法检测结果相比,本研究建立的r CP15/60-ELISA方法的阴阳性符合率为83.3%,敏感性为100%,特异性为80%;重复性试验的变异系数在12.5%之内;对341份猪田间血清进行检测,阳性为194份,占56.89%,表明该方法可用于实验室初步诊断和现场猪隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查。     

应用原核表达的猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白建立一种间接ELISA诊断方法

本试验在最佳诱导条件下获得猪圆环痛毒Ⅱ型重组Cap蛋白的基础上，利用HisBind蛋白质纯化试剂盒对表达产物进行纯化，通过Westernblot检测证明表达产物具有良好的抗原性。以纯化后的重组融合蛋白作为诊断抗原，对ELISA反应条件进行优化，初步建立了检测PCV2抗体的间接ELISA方法。用该法对广东、广西一些地区收集到的380份血清样品进行检测，检测结果阳性率为86．1％，从中随机取90份猪血清样品与国产商品化试剂盒检测结果对比，符合率为95．6％，表明本实验建立的间接ELISA方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性，适于大规模检测PCV2血清抗体的流行病学调查。     

检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法的建立

以在E．coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CPl5／60为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E．coli表达的CPl5／60抗原包被酶标板，用10％的兔血清进行封闭，以正常E．coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。结果表明应用CPl5／60重组蛋白作为诊断C．parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

应用间接ELISA检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的研究

以在大肠埃希氏菌中表达的微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidum parvum)子孢子表面抗原CPl5为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA。试验筛选出的最佳反应条件为：大肠埃希氏菌CPl5抗原包被量为1μg/孔，用100mL／L的兔血清进行封闭，以正常大肠埃希氏菌裂解上清液稀释待检血清。试验结果表明，应用CPl5重组蛋白作为诊断微小隐孢子虫抗体的抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

青海省犬隐孢子虫病的血清学检测

利用重组的微小隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium parvum）P23蛋白作为ELISA诊断抗原,对来自青海地区的部分放牧犬和宠物藏獒犬进行隐孢子虫特异性抗体的检测。结果在497份血清中检出150份阳性血清,阳性率为30.18%。其中放牧犬阳性率为32.77%,藏獒的阳性率为37.95%,宠物犬的阳性率为10.42%。     

基于重组猪囊虫18 ku抗原的间接ELISA方法的建立

利用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)从猪囊尾蚴中克隆到18 ku蛋白基因,将扩增产物与pGEM-T Easy载体连接后测序分析.将目的基因亚克隆至表达载体,构建重组质粒pGEX-CE18,经转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)后诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析表达产物.表达的目的蛋白纯化后作抗原建立检测猪囊虫抗体的重组蛋白间接ELISA方法.结果表明,18 ku蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达,表达产物约为35 ku的融合蛋白,并能被猪囊虫感染血清识别.经薄层扫描分析,表达量占菌体蛋白总量的28%.与商品化ELISA试剂盒平行检测178份阳性血清样品,二者的符合率为98.83%,说明建立的重组蛋白ELISA方法可用于猪囊虫病的诊断.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.