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生境是植物生长的具体环境,而群落环境是有机体和生境共同作用的结果。关于岩溶地区植物对不同生境的利用已成为近年来研究的热点。文中系统地总结了岩溶地区小生境类型特征、不同石漠化等级、坡位等因素对自然植被群落的分布特征的影响,结合前人研究成果,进一步分析了岩溶地区不同生境条件、坡位以及石漠化等级下自然植被群落结构、优势种、物种多样性、生物量以及生活型谱结构的差异,以期为岩溶地区植被与生境耦合程度以及不同生境下植被资源的配置提供理论参考,对岩溶生态环境保护、石漠化防治和石漠化地区植被恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
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生境是植物生长的具体环境,而群落环境是有机体和生境共同作用的结果。关于岩溶地区植物对不同生境的利用已成为近年来研究的热点。文中系统地总结了岩溶地区小生境类型特征、不同石漠化等级、坡位等因素对自然植被群落分布特征的影响,结合前人研究成果进一步分析了岩溶地区不同生境条件、坡位以及石漠化等级下自然植被群落结构、优势种、物种多样性、生物量以及生活型谱结构的差异,以期为岩溶地区植被与生境耦合程度以及不同生境下植被资源的配置提供理论参考,对岩溶生态环境保护、石漠化防治和石漠化地区植被恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
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物种多样性是指一个地区内物种的多样性化,主要是从分类学、系统学和生物地理学角度对一定地区内物种的多样性的现状、威胁状况、物种多样性的形成、演化及维持机制以及物种濒危灭绝的速率及原因、生物区系的特有性、如何对物种进行有效的保护与持续利用等进行分析研究。研究表明,当一个国家的森林面积超过30%,且森林在分布上比较均匀,森林内的物种比较丰富,并保持较高的质量,就能维护良好的生态系统,而物种多样性的高低是评价生态系统质量的一个重要指标。本文以昆嵛山为样本,在水平指标上从物种丰富度和植被覆盖度两个角度对物种多样性进行分析研究,将两者综合之后得出昆嵛山物种水平指标分级图,对今后昆嵛山自然保护区物种调查和日常管理具有指导意义。 相似文献
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为了解燕山北部山地华北落叶松人工林植被物种多样性维持功能的高低,选取13a和30a生人工落叶松林,以13a和28a生天然次生杨桦林作为对照,对两种林分的植被多样性进行调查和分析,并研究了间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的影响。结果表明,林龄相同或相近的两种林分类型相比,无论是乔木层、灌木层或是草本层,人工落叶松林丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon—Weiner指数均表现出相当或略高于天然次生杨桦林(30a生人工落叶松林乔木层多样性指数除外);间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的短期影响主要体现在乔木层,对林下灌木层和草本层无明显影响。燕山北部山地人工落叶松林具有较高的植物多样性维持功能,没有导致物种多样性的降低。 相似文献
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汝城至郴州高速公路沿线植被特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对汝城至郴州高速公路沿线设置9个植被调查样方,重点调查了沿线原生植被物种组成、高度、盖度、株丛数等,着重分析了不同样方内植被物种丰富度、物种共有度和乔木层物种优势度的空间变化特征,为公路景观生态建设和植被恢复提供重要参考.结果表明总体丰富度在2-6之间变化;应用Jaccard指数对沿线个植被样方物种共有度进行分析,发现其呈现非常有规律的变化,各植被样方以相邻的物种共有度最高,距离越远,物种共有度越低;乔木层优势度指数相差较大. 相似文献
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采用样带调查法,对雾灵山自然保护区华北落叶松林、油松林、白桦林的物种种类、物种个体数、高度、盖度、频度等因子进行了调查。利用α-多样性指数分析了旅游干扰对植被的影响。结果表明:随旅游强度增大,物种多样性、均匀度及盖度降低。其中Simpson指数降低了8.7%,Jsi降低了7.5%,Shanno-Winner指数降低了16.4%,Jsw降低了10.9%,盖度降低了50%以上。开展生态旅游虽然对植被产生了一定的影响,但这也是各个旅游景区普遍存在的现象,并且在雾灵山这种影响并不大.主要集中在距离道路3m以内.对再远的地方基本没有影响。 相似文献
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Comparison of woody species composition between rocky outcrops and nearby matrix vegetation on degraded karst hillslopes of Southwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Habitats with different features such as soil depth and soil/rock conditions can provide favorable environments for species with different requirements, while anthropogenic disturbances normally exert additional effects on species composition. However, specific studies have rarely been conducted in the degraded karst regions of Southwest China despite the high heterogeneity of karst habitats and past human disturbances. In this study, woody species richness and composition on rocky outcrops on a typical karst hillslope were investigated and compared with those of nearby matrices on shallow and rocky soil. Our results showed that matrix vegetation was more diverse in genera and species than vegetation on rocky outcrops. This might relate to the contrasting substrate features and different disturbance histories of these two habitats. Unlike the significant effect of slope on species richness of the matrix vegetation, rocky outcrops exhibited no significant differences between upper and lower slope positions, largely because their microhabitats were similar in different slope positions. Although the study area has been reforested naturally for about 30 years, woody species of the matrix vegetation were still dominated by pioneer shrub species. Rocky outcrops were dominated by late-successional tree species, which was primarily related to their isolated features and resistance to certain disturbances. Most of these late-successional species were not habitat endemics, indicating the possibility for their encroachment into surrounding the matrix. From this aspect, further studies will be necessary to identify and address the limiting factors for the encroachment of these late-successional species into the surrounding environment. 相似文献
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三江并流世界自然遗产地的遥感分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从陆地卫星TMD131/41图像上可以看出,三江(怒江、澜沧江和金沙江)并流的真面目。通过遥感判读、利用判读的野外概率抽样和GIS处理技术,对三江并流进行地理景观分析。该三江并流地具有地质地貌的独特性、生态系统的完整性、生物资源的多样性和自然景观的奇特性。通过对三江并流自然遗产的分析得知森林植被是生态、景观和生物多样性保护的基础。此外,科学管理也是遗产保护的重要措施。 相似文献
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绿道是以乡土自然植被和人工植被为主要存在形态的带状绿地。将公路景观设计与绿道设计相结合,有助于形成整体性和系统性的公路沿线景观。314省道概念性景观设计结合绿道概念及理论,为理解和认识公路景观设计提供了一种新的思路。
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Mullen Karen John OHalloran John Breen Paul Giller Josephine Pithon Thomas Kelly 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(4):624-632
If national afforestation targets are met, the proportion of area under plantation forest cover in Ireland will almost double by the year 2030 to 17%, and will consist of mostly non-native trees. There is an urgent and vital need to assess and to maximise the biodiversity potential of these forests. This study compares carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) composition and assemblage patterns across different stages of the forest cycle, in addition to intensive grassland habitats, the habitat the plantation forest will most likely be replacing. The clearfell habitat had the highest median species richness, while the grassland habitat had the highest species diversity, but lowest species dominance. Ordination analysis revealed that the species assemblages of all stages of the forest cycle could be clearly separated from the grassland habitat, while differences were also observed between forest stages. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most significant factors influencing carabid community composition were percent cover of ground vegetation and mosses, and also percent soil moisture. Differences in species with varying physical traits and microhabitat preferences were also observed between habitats, with larger, brachypterous species positively associated with increasing canopy cover and smaller macropterous species displaying the opposite pattern. The presence and abundance of forest-associated species increased with increasing plantation age, with a corresponding decrease in open habitat-associated and generalist species. The results of this study suggest that at the landscape scale, a variety of different aged forest stands would maximise the biodiversity potential of the planned afforestation. 相似文献
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依据景观生态学的基本原理,提出澄江县抚仙湖近面山区域的生态景观设计与绿化规划方案:①对可视域区域原有的受损生态系统进行生态重建和生态修复;②对坡度25°以上旱地实施退耕还林,对坡度25°以下的山地进行生态优化和抚育;③对石灰山山地选用乡土树种抚育现状植被;④结合道路与景观的距离,对环湖公路、澄江至帽天山公路、澄江至阳宗公路和环湖岸绿化进行植物种类的优化配置;⑤对帽天山国家地质公园的矿山迹地开展生态修复、造林和植被抚育等。规划方案旨在促进区域生态旅游价值的提升和水环境保护。 相似文献