杂种奶牛POU1Fl、GHR、GHRH-R和CSN1S2基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦公牛冻精改良的93头杂种奶牛的脑垂体转录因子-1（POU1Fl）基因第6外显子、生长激素受体（GHR）基因第10外显子、生长激素释放激素受体（GHRH-R）基因第2外显子和酪蛋白(CSN1S2) 基因第18外显子进行了多态性研究。结果表明,在检测的4个基因位点中,只有POU1Fl基因第6外显子存在2种基因型,AB、BB基因型频率及A、B基因频率分别为0.0323、0.9677和0.0162、0.9838,未发现AA型个体。该群体在此位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,基因杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.0318和0.0313。测序显示,与普通黄牛POU1Fl基因序列Y15995相比,A等位基因在POU1F1基因第6外显子的第209个碱基处发生了G→C的碱基颠换,导致Thr/Arg替代,其多态的成因及效应需进一步研究。     

延边黄牛POU1F1基因PCR-SSCP多态性与生长性状关系的研究

为了研究延边黄牛117个个体的垂体特异转录因子(POU1F1)基因多态性及其与断奶体重、体尺等生长性状间的相关性,试验利用单链构象多态(PCR-SSCP)技术,对延边黄牛POU1F1基因第6外显子序列的SNPs进行检测。结果表明:延边黄牛群体POU1F1基因座位存在多态性,发现了2种等位基因(A/G),基因频率分别为0.515 6和0.484 4;该位点纯合度为0.500 5,杂合度为0.499 5,多态信息含量为0.374 8,属于中度多态,处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。纯合基因型个体的POU1F1基因座位存在突变位点。POU1F1基因多态位点遗传分析表明,AB型个体较多,AA型和BB型个体较少。延边黄牛群体内AB基因型个体体长显著(P0.05)高于AA和BB基因型个体,育肥牛AB型个体胸深显著(P0.05)低于AA型个体,初步认为AB基因型为优势基因型,对选择有正向效应。提示POU1F1基因有可能作为延边黄牛生长性状的候选基因。     

POU1 F1基因多态性与南方荷斯坦牛产奶量的相关性分析

采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了364头荷斯坦牛POU1 F1基因第二外显子的TaqⅠ酶切位点(e2-TaqⅠ)和第六外显子的HinfⅠ酶切位点(e6-HinfⅠ)多态性,并分析了两个位点多态性与泌乳量的关系。结果表明,实验群体中这两个多态位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,e2-TaqⅠ位点等位基因G/A的频率为0.2706/0.7294,e6-HinfⅠ位点等位基因G/A频率为0.3228/0.6772。性状关联结果表明,两个位点的基因型与第一、二胎泌乳量相关性不明显。     

伊犁马PRL、POU1F1基因多态性及其与产奶量的关联分析

为了研究伊犁马催乳素(PRL)基因、垂体转录因子(POU1F1)基因多态及其与产奶量之间的关系,试验以新疆伊犁昭苏牧场73头伊犁马母马为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术分析了伊犁马PRL、POU1F1基因序列多态性,并与日均产奶量进行关联分析。结果显示,伊犁马PRL基因第二外显子上存在1个SNP:c.210CT;POU1F1基因CDS区上没有发现多态,但内含子区存在1个SNP:g.2758GA。POU1F1基因不同基因型间日均母马产奶量差异不显著(P0.05),但PRL基因c.210位点多态对伊犁马日均产奶量有显著影响(P0.05)。因此,PRL基因的多态位点有潜力用作伊犁马产奶量性状选育的分子标记。     

藏鸡、泸宁鸡POU1F1基因外显子2多态性与生长性能的关联研究

为研究POU1F1基因的多态性对鸡生长发育的影响,试验以藏鸡和泸宁鸡为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP及测序方法对POU1F1基因的外显子2的多态性进行检测,并与其生长性能进行关联分析。结果表明:在藏鸡和泸宁鸡POU1F1基因外显子2处检测到1个多态位点(C/T)变异,呈现出CC、CT、TT三种基因型,其中C基因为优势基因,CC基因型为优势基因型;两个鸡群在该位点基因杂合度均较低,PIC0.25,属低度多态性;经卡方检验,在该位点藏鸡不处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05);泸宁鸡则处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05);泸宁鸡6周龄时,CC基因型个体体重显著高于CT型(P0.05),其他周龄之间无显著差异;藏鸡和泸宁鸡均表现出CT基因型的生长态势较纯合子好;泸宁鸡6~7周龄和10~11周龄CT型个体极显著高于CC基因型个体的周增重率(P0.01);9~10周龄CT基因型个体的周增重率显著高于CC型个体(P0.05);藏鸡和泸宁鸡POU1F1基因外显子2多态位点(C/T)中,C基因为优势基因,而CT基因型是控制泸宁鸡早期生长速度的优势基因型。说明POU1F1基因的多态性是鸡早期生长速度的一个潜在分子标记。     

京海黄鸡POU1F1基因多态性及其与生长性能的遗传效应分析

采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术检测POU1F1基因在京海黄鸡中的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),并对不同基因型与京海黄鸡生长性能的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:在POU1F1基因第三外显子第5 231 bp位置有A→T碱基的点突变,在京海黄鸡群体中检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,A等位基因的频率为0.500,B等位基因的频率为0.500.基因型与生长性能的关联分析得知:POU1F1基因不同基因型显著影响京海黄鸡各周龄体重,AB型显著高于从型和BB型(P<0.01).因此,推测POU1F1基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的主效基因或与主效基因紧密连锁的标记基因,并且能够在分子标记辅助选择中用于对鸡生长性状的遗传改良和固定.     

溧阳鸡促卵泡激素受体基因多态性分析

以溧阳鸡为素材,设计5对特异性引物,采用PCR-SSCP和测序结合的方法,对165只溧阳鸡(母)促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)基因进行多态性检测。结果共检测到2个突变位点,第4外显子(Exon 4)第33位碱基发生T→C突变,第6外显子(Exon 6)之后第12位碱基(即内含子6第12位点碱基)发生G→A突变,其中在Exon 4区域检测到3种基因型:AA、AB和BB,基因型频率分别为0.539、0.400和0.061;在Exon 6区域检测到3种基因型:CC、CD和DD,基因型频率分别为0.248、0.558和0.194。适应性χ2检验表明各片段的基因频率在群体内分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。溧阳鸡FSHR基因存在多态性,为进一步研究FSHR基因对溧阳鸡繁殖性能的遗传效应积累了理论资料。     

13/17罗伯逊易位猪POU1F1基因多态性与经济性状的相关分析

利用外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体标本,对13/17罗伯逊易位猪的3种杂交组合的394头后代猪进行分群;应用PCR-RFLP技术在POU1 F1基因的扩增片段(1746 bp)中检测到1个RsaⅠ限制性内切酶的多态酶切位点A(3种基因型);应用PCR-SSCP技术检测1个POU1 F1基因第5内含子上的突变E(2种基因型),同时结合生长和胴体品质测定记录研究基因型对生产性状的遗传效应。结果表明,位点A的基因型对生长有显著影响(P<0.05),位点E基因型对生长和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究结果初步揭示POU1 F1多态性与生长、眼肌面积等存在相关,推测POU1 F1多态性可作为罗伯逊易位杂合优势遗传机制的一种分子水平上的解释。     

中国荷斯坦奶牛κ-CN基因第四、第五外显子的多态性研究

本文利用PCR-RFLP技术,检测了中国南方荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白(κ-casein,κ-CN)基因第四、第五外显子的遗传多态性.结果表明:κ-CN基因第四、第五外显子均存在遗传多态性,第四外显子上存在突变位点g.13100A＞C,第五外显子上存在突变位点g.15153 T＞C.第四外显子有两种基因型(AA,AB),等位基因频率分别为0.9379和0.0621,第五外显子有三种基因型(AA,BB,AB),等位基因频率分别为0.6512和0.3488.κ-CN两个外显子PCR-RFLP位点的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(P＞0.05).κ-CN基因第四、第五外显子座位的多态信息含量分别为0.1097和0.3511,第四外显子呈现低度多态,第五外显子呈现中度多态;其杂合度、有效等位基因数分别为0.1165、1.1318和0.4543、1.8324.     

山羊垂体转录因子POU1F1基因多态性及其与屠宰性状相关性研究

研究采用PCR测序技术对黔东南小香羊和贵州黑山羊的POU1F1基因外显子6进行SNP筛查,并分析其与屠宰性状的关联性。结果表明:在2个山羊群体POU1F1基因外显子6均检测到2个SNPs(T58G和T172C);在黔东南小香羊群体中,POU1F1基因外显子6的T58G位点AA和aa型个体的屠宰率显著高于Aa型(P<0.05),T172C位点Bb型个体的屠宰率显著高于BB和bb型(P<0.05);贵州黑山羊群体中,T58G位点Aa型个体的胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积厚和腰部肌肉厚显著低于AA和aa型(P<0.05),瘦肉率显著低于AA型(P<0.05),T172C位点BB型个体的胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、腰部肌肉厚、净肉重、瘦肉率和骨重显著低于Bb和bb型(P<0.05);其他各性状在各位点各基因型之间差异未达到显著性差异(P>0.05),由此推测POU1F1基因外显子6的多态可能对山羊的屠宰性状有显著的遗传效应。     

Labelling of rat endothelial cells with antibodies to vWF, RECA-1, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, OX-43 and ZO-1

Labelling with endothelium specific monoclonal antibodies, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), OX-43 and zonula occludentes-1 (ZO-1), was investigated in cryostat sections of vessels from rats of different ages using a confocal microscope. The results showed that labelling of the vWF was positive in endothelial cells from adult, fetal and different ages of embryonic rat. Labelling with RECA-1 was weakly positive in adult rat aorta and lung endothelial cells but not in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. Labelling using PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and OX-43 was negative in both adult and embryonic endothelial cells. ZO-1 showed positive but very weak reactivity in embryonic yolk sac endothelial cells. The expression of vWF on vessels from adult and 19.5-day fetal tissues was strongly positive. However, the expression of vWF in embryonic endothelial cells was dependent on the gestational age. While the 11.5-day yolk sac vessels stained weakly, staining gradually increased in 13.5-, 15.5- and 17.5-day-old yolk sac vessels. The results suggest that vWF is a reliable endothelial cell marker in rat vascular endothelial cells, including both fetal and embryonic stages.     

Expression of retinoic acid‐metabolizing enzymes,ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1 in canine testis during post‐natal development

Mammalian spermatogenesis involves highly regulated temporal and spatial dynamics, carefully controlled by several signalling processes. Retinoic acid (RA) signalling could have a critical role in spermatogenesis by promoting spermatogonia differentiation, adhesion of germ cells to Sertoli cells, and release of mature spermatids. An optimal testicular RA concentration is maintained by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), which oxidize RA precursors to produce RA, whereas the CYP26 class of enzymes catabolizes (oxidize) RA into inactive metabolites. The objective was to elucidate gene expression of these RA‐metabolizing enzymes (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1) and their protein presence in testes of young, peripubertal and adult dogs. Genes encoding RA‐synthesizing isozymes ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 and RA‐catabolizing isomers CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1 were expressed in testis at varying levels during testicular development from birth to adulthood in dogs. Based on detailed analyses of mRNA expression patterns, ALDH1A2 was regarded as a primary RA‐synthesizing enzyme and CYP26B1 as a critical RA‐hydrolysing enzyme; presumably, these genes have vital roles in maintaining RA homeostasis, which is imperative to spermatogenesis and other testicular functions in post‐natal canine testis.     

极小种群川柿野外资源现状

为了掌握极小种群川柿(Diospyros sutchuensis Yang)的种质资源现状并评估其濒危等级,对川柿资源历史发现地及现发地——华蓉山、缙云山、江津四面山保护区进行了系统野外调查。结果表明：(1)当前历史发生地华蓉山已无川柿野生植株,缙云山有疑是川柿1株,而在江津四面山保护区发现少量植物。(2)江津保护区有3个分布点,共计6株,均为成年植株。(3)依据IUCN全球物种濒危等级评估标准,川柿应当被评为(EN,B2a)。     

Cover Image,Volume 16, Issue 1

The cover image, by Alexandra Keller et al., is based on the Original Article The JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in canine mastocytoma, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12311

     

Cover Image,Volume 15, Issue 1

The cover image, by E. Treggiari et al., is based on the Original Article Clinical outcome, PDGFRß and KIT expression in feline histiocytic disorders: a multicentre study, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12142 .

     

锌、铁、钼配施对紫花苜蓿产草量和品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究锌、铁、钼配合施用对紫花苜蓿产草量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用微量元素肥料能显著提高第1茬苜蓿产草量,当施用锌5 kg/hm2、铁7.5 kg/hm2、钼0.45 kg/hm2时,苜蓿能增产18.1%;配合施用微肥对第2、3、4茬以及苜蓿年总产草量没有明显的增产效果。3种元素中,锌的增产效果较好,而铁和钼的效果不明显。合理施用微肥能明显提高苜蓿的饲用价值,当施用锌10 kg/hm2、铁15 kg/hm2、钼0.225 kg/hm2时,能显著提高粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量,降低粗纤维含量,提高钙含量;3种元素对苜蓿品质均有明显影响,其中锌的影响最大,而铁钼的影响较小。     

Identification and Analysis of CYP7A1, CYP17A1, CYP20A1, CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 in Cynomolgus Macaques

Cytochromes P450 (P450) are important for not only drug metabolism and toxicity, but also biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids, and steroid synthesis. In cynomolgus macaques, widely used in biomedical research, we have characterized P450 cDNAs, which were isolated as expressed sequence tags of cynomolgus macaque liver. In this study, cynomolgus CYP7A1, CYP17A1, CYP20A1, CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 cDNAs were characterized by sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tissue expression pattern. By sequence analysis, these five cynomolgus P450s had high sequence identities (94–99%) to the human orthologs in amino acids. By phylogenetic analysis, each cynomolgus P450 was more closely related to the human ortholog as compared with the dog or rat ortholog. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, among the 10 tissue types, CYP7A1 and CYP17A1 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in liver and adrenal gland, respectively. Cynomolgus CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 mRNAs were most abundantly expressed in liver and testis, respectively. Cynomolgus CYP20A1 mRNA was expressed in all the tissues, including brain and liver. Tissue expression patterns of each cynomolgus P450 were generally similar to that of the human ortholog. These results suggest the molecular similarities of CYP7A1, CYP17A1, CYP20A1, CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 between cynomolgus macaques and humans.     

Cloning, expression, and characterization of the MSP1a and MSP1b recombinant proteins from PR1 Anaplasma marginale strain, Brazil

The Anaplasma marginale is a bacterium that has obligate intraerythrocytic multiplication in cattle causing important economic loss. The A. marginale major surface protein 1 (MSP1) complex, heterodimer composed of MSP1a and MSP1b, has been identified as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. The objectives of this study were to sequences the msp1β gene and produce and characterize recombinant MSP1a and MSP1b from a Brazilian strain of A. marginale, PR1. The msp1α and msp1β genes from the PR1 strain were cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 Star using the vectors pET102 and pET101/D-TOPO. Antibodies were produced against the recombinant proteins and were shown to react with rMSP1a and rMSP1b demonstrating a molecular mass of 70 kDa to 105 kDa and 100 kDa, respectively for these proteins. Bovine erythrocytes were agglutinated by BL21/rMSP1a and BL21/rMSP1b and, this agglutination was inhibited by the presence of the IgY anti-rMSP1a, confirming the adhesion function of these proteins. Additionally, using the IgY anti-rMSP1a and rMSP1b in a IFI, the presence of rMSP1a and rMSP1b was confirmed on the outer membrane of the recombinant E. coli BL21. Our results show that the msp1β gene from the PR1 strain has both the conserved region and contain the defined polymorphism regions previously described for other strains of A. marginale. The results from this study confirm adhesive functions for rMSP1a and rMSP1b from PR1 strain in bovine erythrocytes invasion.