家蚕雌蛾体中氨基酸的分析

分析了家蚕雌蛾体中氨基酸组成与含量，并对其进行了质量评价。家蚕雌蛾体富含氨基酸，检测到了17种水解氨基酸和15种游离氨基酸。水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸的总含量分别为53．37％和3．637％，其中人体必需氨基酸含量分别为20．36％和0．798％，占氨基酸总量的比值分别为38．15％和21．94％，接近或超过WHO推荐模式。研究结果显示，家蚕雌蛾是开发食品和药品的优质原料。     

意蜂蜂毒中游离氨基酸的分析

用薄层层析的方法对蜂毒中游离氨基酸进行定性和定量测定，发现有８种氨基酸（不含４种未知氨基酸），其中亮氨酸和谷氨酸的含量达０．３％左右，其余几种氨基酸的各自含量不超过０．１％。     

牦牛肉中游离氨基酸含量的分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了7头麦洼牦牛后腿肌肉中游离氨基酸的含量。在牦牛肉中检测到16种游离的标准氨基酸,总含量为532.34±86.74 mg/100 g,其中含量最高的游离氨基酸为精氨酸,其次为组氨酸,这两种氨基酸约占游离氨基酸总量的75%。     

紫花苜蓿种子游离氨基酸含量的研究

用氨基酸成分自动分析仪测定紫花苜蓿种子中游离氨基酸的含量。研究结果表明,紫花苜蓿种子中均含有17种游离氨基酸;同一品种的17种氨基酸含量不同,谷氨酸含量最高,胱氨酸含量最低;不同品种间氨基酸总量及17种游离氨基酸含量存在较大差异。     

番鸭精清中几种化学成分的分析

本文用离子选择电极法测定番鸭精清中几种无机离了的含量，用氨基酸自动分析仪测定精清中游离氨基酸的含量；此外，还测定了番鸭精清中葡萄糖，果糖等有机物质的含量以及几种酶的活力。结果表明，番鸭精清中Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＾＋和Ｄｌ＾－的浓度分别为：１２６．２±１０．８，１０．７±２．５８，３．５３±０．７９，３．９６±０．９３和１２４．３±１０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；在所有被测定的游离氨基酸中     

呼和浩特地区萨能山羊乳氨基酸组分研究

对内蒙古呼和浩特地区萨能山羊乳中游离氨基酸含量进行测定分析,结果表明：萨能山羊乳中含有17种氨基酸,其中以谷氨酸含量最高;17种游离氨基酸中,萨能山羊乳中除了精氨酸含量低于牛乳外,其余16种氨基酸含量均高于牛乳。     

盐胁迫对拔节期碱茅游离氨基酸成分和脯氨酸含量的影响

碱茅成株叶片和根中的丙氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量较高，丙氨酸是碱茅氮化物运输和贮藏的主要形式。随着土壤中盐分含量的增加，叶片中总游离氨基酸含量不断递增，其中脯氨酸含量增加幅度最大，且脯氦酸的相对含量也较高，约占总游离氨基酸的１９％～５３％，而其它氨基酸含量变化不大；根中总游离氨基酸含量随土壤中盐度的增加而不断下降。初步分析了碱茅成株与幼苗中游离氨基酸变化的异同点。     

测定饲料中氨基酸含量的简易方法

要得知饲料中氨基酸的配比情况，首先要测定其各种氨基酸的含量。氨基酸是以螺旋状方式结合形成蛋白质分子，并非以游离状态方式存在饲料中，所以要测定其含量，必须将蛋白质或肽类水解为组成氨基酸，并呈游离氨基酸小分子状态，然后才能进行组成分析。水解方法很多：有酸水解、碱水解、酶水解等等。分析游离的氨基酸含量方法也有多种，常用的有柱后衍生化法、柱前衍生化法两种。本文介绍采用的是往后衍生化法。1原理饲料中含有大量的蛋白质，并且蛋白质是一种生物大分子物质，具有多方面的性质，其分子由肽链组成，而肽键是由不同的氨基酸…     

15个桑品种不同季节桑叶的游离氨基酸含量及主成分分析

为了满足桑叶保健食品生产对优质桑叶原料的需求,以15个桑品种在5月份、10月份采摘的桑叶为材料,测定桑叶样品中的游离氨基酸含量,并采用主成分分析法评估15个桑品种桑叶中游离氨基酸的综合品质。15个桑品种不同生长时期的桑叶中均含有17种游离氨基酸,其中以5月份采摘桑叶中的各种游离氨基酸含量较高,且不同桑品种间的17种游离氨基酸含量大多存在显著差异(P0.05)。5月份采摘桑叶样品以早生桑1号桑叶干物中的γ-氨基丁酸含量(质量比1.950 mg/g)最高,以澧24×苗33桑叶中的游离蛋白质组成氨基酸含量(质量比18.837 mg/g)最高;10月份采摘桑叶样品以早生桑1号桑叶中的γ-氨基丁酸含量(质量比1.520 mg/g)最高,以伦教40号桑叶中的游离蛋白质组成氨基酸含量(质量比12.011 mg/g)最高。对2个季节采摘供试桑品种桑叶中的各种游离氨基酸含量的相关性进行分析,以10月份采摘桑叶样品中各种游离氨基酸含量之间的相关性较强,而5月份采摘桑叶样品中各种游离氨基酸含量之间的相关性较弱。进一步通过主成分分析选定可以反映10月份采摘桑叶样品中17种游离氨基酸综合品质86.140%信息的4个主成分,用以综合评价15个桑品种桑叶中游离氨基酸品质较优的是伦教40号和农桑14号,这2个品种可以作为桑叶药食产品生产的专用桑品种。     

草地型藏羊和金堂黑山羊乳中游离氨基酸含量的分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法分析并比较了草地型藏羊与金堂黑山羊乳中游离氨基酸的含量。结果表明:所有乳样中均检测到17种标准氨基酸,其中以精氨酸的含量最高,17种游离氨基酸中,草地型藏羊乳中甲硫氨酸的含量极显著高于金堂黑山羊乳(P<0.01),而草地型藏羊乳中游离天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸和缬氨酸的含量显著低于金堂黑山羊乳(P<0.05),其中9种游离氨基酸在两种羊乳中的含量未发现明显差异。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.