鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是一种对养鸡业危害很大的原虫病，集约化养鸡场是球虫病爆发的最适宜场所，其病死率达40％-80％。集约化养鸡业尽管受到鸡球虫病的严重威胁，几十年来仍能缝康发展，这完全得益于抗球虫药的保护。换言之，没有抗球虫药的应用，就不可能有集约化养鸡业蓬勃发展的今天。截止目前，控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖于抗球虫药的防治。由于抗球虫药的长期使用导致了球虫对多数抗球虫药产生了耐药性，球虫耐药性的产生，导致抗球虫药使用年限缩短．防治失败或效果不佳，引起临床或亚临床鸡球虫病，造成巨大的经济损失。此外抗球虫药的使用还存在用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题，严重影响到抗球虫药的抗球虫效果。下面就鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题及对策做简要介绍：     

药物防治鸡球虫病时存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是一种对养鸡业危害很大的原虫病,集约化养鸡场是球虫病爆发的最适宜场所,其病死率达40%～80%。集约化养鸡业尽管受到鸡球虫病的严重威胁,几十年来仍能健康发展,这完全得益于抗球虫药的保护。换言之,没有抗球虫药的应用,就不可能有集约化养鸡业蓬勃发展的今天。截止目前,控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖于抗球虫药的防治。由于抗球虫药的长期使用导致了球虫对多数抗球虫药产生了耐药性,球虫耐药性的产生,导致抗球虫药使用年限缩短,防治失败或效果不佳,引起临床或亚临床鸡球虫病,造成巨大的经济损失。此外抗球虫药的使用还存在用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,严重影响到抗球虫药的抗球虫效果。下面就鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题及对策做简要介绍。     

鸡球虫病药物临床应用时存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是一种对养鸡业危害很大的原虫病，集约化养鸡场是球虫病爆发的最适宜场所，其病死率达40％～80％。集约化养鸡业尽管受到鸡球虫病的严重威胁，几十年来仍能健康发展，这完全得益于抗球虫药的保护。换言之，没有抗球虫药的应用，就不可能有集约化养鸡业蓬勃发展的今天。截止目前，控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖于抗球虫药的防治。由于抗球虫药的长期使用导致了球虫对多数抗球虫药产生了耐药性，球虫耐药性的产生，导致抗球虫药使用年限缩短，防治失败或效果不佳，引起临床或亚临床鸡球虫病，造成巨大的经济损失。     

鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是一种对养鸡业危害很大的原虫病,集约化养鸡业尽管受到鸡球虫病的严重威胁,几十年来仍能健康发展,这完全得益于抗球虫药的保护。目前,控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖于抗球虫药的防治。由于抗球虫药的长期使用导致了球虫对多数抗球虫药产生了耐药性,球虫耐药性的产生,导致抗球虫药使用年限缩短,防治失败或效果不佳,引起临床或亚临床鸡球虫病,造成巨大的经济损失。此外抗球虫药的使用还存在用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,严重影响到抗球虫药的抗球虫效果。下面就鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题及对策做简要介绍:1存在的问题…     

鸡球虫病药物防治存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是一种对养鸡业危害很大的原虫病,集约化养鸡场是球虫病暴发的最适宜场所,其病死率达40%～80%.集约化养鸡业尽管受到鸡球虫病的严重威胁,几十年来仍能健康发展,这完全得益于抗球虫药的保护.换言之,没有抗球虫药的应用,就不可能有集约化养鸡业蓬勃发展的今天.如今,控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖于抗球虫药的防治.由于抗球虫药的长期使用导致了球虫对多数抗球虫药产生了耐药性,使抗球虫药使用年限缩短,防治效果不佳,引起临床或亚临床鸡发生球虫病,造成巨大的经济损失.此外抗球虫药的使用还存在用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,严重影响到抗球虫药的使用效果.下面就鸡球虫病药物防治时存在的问题及对策做简要介绍.     

正确使用抗球虫药

鸡球虫病是危害我市养鸡业的主要寄生虫病。而控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖抗球虫药。由于抗球虫药的长期使用和用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题，使球虫产生了耐药性，导致了防治失败，造成了巨大的经济损失。     

使用抗球虫药物存在的问题与对策

鸡球虫病是危害潍坊市养鸡业的主要寄生虫病.而控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖抗球虫药.由于抗球虫药的长期使用和用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,使球虫产生了耐药性,导致了防治失败,造成了巨大的经济损失.     

抗球虫药在治疗鸡病中的合理应用

鸡球虫病是危害养鸡业的主要寄生虫病,而控制鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是依赖抗球虫药。由于抗球虫药的长期使用和用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,使球虫产生了耐药性,导致了防治失败,造成了巨大的经济损失。     

制订合理的抗球虫用药方案

球虫病是养鸡业中发病率最高的疾病，占鸡总发病率1／5以上，凡养鸡的地方，几乎就有鸡球虫存在。该病易感染、高发病、高危害，已越来越成为集约化养鸡业的隐患。目前尚无较有效的球虫疫苗，在饲料中使用抗球虫药物，成为防治和控制球虫病的主要措施。鸡球虫很容易对药物产生耐药性，因而应用时必须制订合理的用药方案，以延缓球虫耐药性的产生，延长抗球虫药物的使用期限以及提高抗球虫作用效果cl连续用药法连续用药就是在鸡的整个生长期，连续不断地使用一种作用效果较．为明显的抗球虫药物，以完全抑制球虫卵囊的形成，从而预防和控制球…     

抗球虫药治疗鸡病的应用效果

鸡球虫病是对养鸡业危害非常严重的疾病之一,也是较为常见的寄生虫病。需要采取有效的抗球虫药物才能有效的进行治疗。由于抗球虫药的长期使用和用药程序的不合理以及盲目用药等问题,使球虫产生了耐药性,导致防治失败,造成了巨大的经济损失。本文对抗球虫药在疾病治疗过程中的应用效果进行了分析,讨论了抗球虫药的合理使用,主要目的是为我国养鸡业的鸡病治疗提供一定的参考,从而让抗球虫药能达到最佳的治疗效果。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.