草莓NCED基因正反义表达载体和RNAi载体的构建

根据草莓（Fragaria ananassa Duch）NCED基因序列（GenBank： HQ399498），克隆NCED基因开放阅读框，将该片段插入植物表达载体pBI 121的CaMV 35S 启动子和NOS 终止子之间，构建了正义表达载体pBI 121NCED。克隆NCED基因正义、反义片段和作为内含子的gusA基因片段，以植物表达载体pBI 121为基础，以pCAMBIA2301作为中间载体，通过多次酶切和连接，成功构建了草莓NCED基因RNAi表达载体pBI 121NCEDRNAi和反义表达载体pBI 121NCEDF。经PCR、限制性内切酶酶切和测序鉴定后，成功将pBI 121NCED、pBI 121NCEDF和pBI 121NCEDRNA 3个重组表达质粒导入农杆菌EHA105中。研究结果为进一步研究草莓NCED基因的功能奠定了基础。     

番木瓜果肉果胶裂解酶基因克隆及反义植物表达载体的构建

采用cDNA末端快速扩增方法.获得了番木瓜果肉果胶裂解酶(Pectate lyase,PL)基因的完整3′端和部分5′端序列.然后,根据本实验室已经获得的PL基因5′端DNA序列及笔者得到的3′端序列设计上、下游引物,以番木瓜基因组DNA为模板扩增得到PL基因的开放性阅读框.该序列编码385个氨基酸,与草莓、桃、芒果、拟南芥氨基酸序列的同源性分别为83.38%、75.76%、73.68%、65.96%.根据PL基因设计特异引物,扩增其保守区片段,将其反向插入pBI 121的CaMV 35 S启动子和Nos终止子之间,成功构建反义植物表达载体pBP,并导入到根癌农杆菌EHA 105中.     

大豆铁蛋白cDNA的克隆及植物表达载体的构建

以大豆为材料,利用RT-PCR法扩增得到大小约750bp的片段,将这个片段连接到克隆载体pBlueskript SK＋上进行测序,结果证明,此片段就是大豆的铁蛋白基因。将此片段再正向插入到植物表达载体pBI121的CaMV35s启动子和NOS终止子之间,构建了植物表达载体pBIFe,并成功地将该载体导入根癌农杆菌EHA105。此项工作为获得表达铁蛋白的转基因植物奠定了基础。     

中国水仙NtBCH基因的克隆及LCYE RNAi与反义BCH双价植物表达载体的构建

参考洋水仙BCH基因设计引物，以中国水仙花瓣cDNA为模板克隆出中国水仙NtBCH基因，全长959 bp，编码303个氨基酸。以中国水仙LCYE和BCH为目的基因，利用pKANNBIAL、pBI121和pCAMBIA1301等载体构建了LCYE RNAi与反义BCH双价植物表达载体，为利用基因工程技术改良中国水仙奠定了基础。     

玉米淀粉分支酶基因的克隆和反义载体的构建

应用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)扩增了玉米淀粉分支酶的cDNA基因片段,并将其克隆到pMD18-Tvector载体上,对重组子进行PCR检测和限制性内切酶分析,并测定了DNA全序列.结果表明:克隆片段全长为1 698 bp.将该基因反向插入到pCAMBIA1301的CaMV35S启动子之后,构建了反义表达载体.     

大豆Gy1基因种子特异性表达载体的构建及在玉米中的转化

实验构建了2个大豆贮藏蛋白Gy1基因种子特异性表达载体,并将其分别转入玉米愈伤组织中。载体1以潮霉素为筛选标记,将Gy1基因片段插入到含有种子特异启动子的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-7αP上,得到种子特异性表达载体pCAMBIA1301-7αP-Gy1;载体2以BADH为筛选标记,将Gy1基因插入到带有耐盐基因BADH的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-BADH上,得到安全性无抗生素选择标记的种子特异性表达载体pCAMBI-A1301-sbeⅡb-Gy1。通过农杆菌介导法将其分别导入玉米自交系H99的愈伤组织中,共获得132株再生植株;经过PCR检测,初步证明获得了34株转基因阳性植株。     

番茄CYP71基因的克隆及其功能的初步分析

分析番茄的EST数据库,获得一条在番茄果实中表达的EST序列CYP71,通过RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在番茄的叶、花、果实中均有表达,其中幼果中表达最强,并受到乙烯的负调控,推测可能与果实的发育成熟相关.进而通过RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)的方法获得了全长为1 637 bp的番茄CYP71基因(GenBank accession No.GQ370622).该片段包括一个完整的开放阅读框(1488 bp),编码495个氨基酸.通过系统进化树分析,属于CYP71家族.将番茄的CYP71基因定向克隆到植物表达载体pBI121中,获得CYP71基因的正、反义植物表达载体pBI121-CYP71s和pBI121-CYP71as,为深入研究该基因的功能奠定基础.     

基因枪介导甘蔗遗传转化研究初报

将从灰树花（Grifola frondosa）中分离克隆到的海藻糖合酶cDNA以正向插入植物表达载体pBI121/BamHI Sst1位点，获得一植物表达载体pBT；又用Ubi-L启动子插入植物表达载体pBI121/HindⅢ＋Xbal位点，获得重组质粒pUB,再把海藻糖合酶cDNA正向插入pUB/BanHI SstI位点，获得另一植物表达载体pUBT。然后通过基因枪法分别用植物表达载体pBT和pUBT转化甘蔗。再生植株的点杂交和PCR－Southern杂交表明海藻糖合酶基因已整合进甘蔗的基因组中。     

刺葡萄DFR基因植物表达载体构建及转化茉莉花愈伤组织的研究

本研究以从刺葡萄克隆获得的DFR基因为目的基因，同时从质粒pCAMBIA1302中扩增获得CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子，并利用双酶切法构建由CaMV35S启动子驱动DFR基因且带有NOS终止子的表达载体，验证测序结果显示成功构建了pCAMBIA1302-35S-DFR-NOS植物表达载体，并将该载体转化到农杆菌EHA105中。采用农杆菌注射渗透法转化烟草叶片进行瞬时表达，经鉴定，转化后的烟草叶片中能检测到GFP基因的表达。采用农杆菌介导法将该植物表达载体转化受体茉莉花愈伤组织，经多轮抗性筛选获得了转基因抗性愈伤组织，经PCR鉴定，茉莉花转基因抗性愈伤组织中检测到GFP、Hyg和DFR基因等的存在，初步证明目的基因DFR已成功整合到宿主的基因组中。茉莉花愈伤组织遗传转化体系的建立，验证了花色苷合成相关基因转化茉莉花愈伤组织的可行性，为今后通过植物转基因技术丰富茉莉花的花色奠定基础。     

乙肝疫苗植物表达载体的构建

将乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因构建到植物表达载体pBI121的单子叶植物特异启动子UΩ下游,通过酶切和PCR检测分析鉴定证实重组质粒插入正确。      

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。