维生素E对怀孕母猪的营养

维生素E(VE)缺乏会加大母猪繁殖障碍疾病的发生概率,空怀母猪缺乏维生素E时出现乏情,妊娠母猪缺乏维生素E时,产生死胎或体弱仔猪。研究表明,在母猪日粮中添加维生素E能降低胚胎和仔猪的病死率,显著提高产仔数,从而改善母猪的繁殖性能。     

母猪的维生素营养

维生素A与β－胡萝卜素、维生素E与硒、维生素D3、叶酸、生物素、核黄素、烟酸与维生素C等对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要意义，本文对这些维生素与母猪繁殖性能之间的关系进行综述。     

维生素A,维生素E和叶酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

综述维生素A,维生素E和叶酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响,对母猪的饲养和生产具有一定的指导作用。     

营养水平对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响

基于后备母猪的饲养直接影响其作为繁殖母猪的终生繁殖性能,加强后备母猪各营养水平的研究显得非常重要。本文综述了能量水平、矿物元素钙和磷以及维生素E对后备母猪初情启动及繁殖性能的影响,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。     

维生素E可提高母猪的生产性能

在母猪日粮中,添加适量维生素 E,能提高其最佳繁殖性能。受胎率提高10%,产仔率也相应提高。如果母猪缺乏维生素 E,可降低其受胎率,减少窝产仔数,死胎增     

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪繁殖性能的调控

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要的影响。该综述主要对维生素A、E和叶酸的添加阶段、添加方式、添加剂量及其添加形式进行分析比较,总结得出维生素的最佳使用方式,为母猪生产提供参考。     

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪繁殖性能的调控

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要的影响.该综述主要对维生素A、E和叶酸的添加阶段、添加方式、添加剂量及其添加形式进行分析比较,总结得出维生素的最佳使用方式,为母猪生产提供参考.     

影响母猪繁殖力的几种维生素及其应用

影响母猪繁殖性能的因素主要包括遗传、营养、疫病、环境以及管理。近年来,随着营养科技的发展,通过营养的调控从而达到提高母猪繁殖性能的研究已初见成效。国内外的研究发现,几乎所有的维生素都对种猪的繁殖性能有较大程度的影响。另外,疾病、霉菌毒素等因素会使动物对维生素的需要量提高,疾病和寄生虫感染会影响猪肠道对维生素的吸收,饲料中的霉菌毒素会干扰维生索A、D、E和K的吸收。因此,猪饲料必须另外添加维生素。现将影响母猪繁殖性能主要的维生素及其存贮与使用介绍如下。     

维生素A、D、E对母猪营养的作用

维生素的作用非常重要,虽然母猪对维生素的需要量很少,但是缺乏会对母猪的生长、繁育及对传染病的抵抗能力都有着重要影响。文章综述了维生素A、维生素D和维生素E对母猪生产、繁殖性能的影响,在今后的生产实践中为母猪的饲养和生产提供理论基础。     

影响后备母猪发情配种的主要因素及促进发情配种的主要措施

正科学饲养管理后备母猪,对整个养猪生产流程有着非常重要的作用。因此,了解影响后备母猪发情配种的主要因素及掌握促进后备母猪发情配种的主要措施,对提高养猪生产的经济效益有着非常重要的作用。1营养因素维生素A、D、E对后备母猪繁殖性能影响很大,母猪缺乏维生素A时,可引起内分泌功能紊乱、激素分泌不足或减少,甚至完全停止。给后备母猪适量补充维生素A,可明显提高和改善其繁殖性能。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.