猪胴体在线瘦肉率回归预测研究

选购不同类型的商品猪94头,分别测其瘦肉率、胴体重、背膘厚度等指标,并以瘦肉率为因变量,其它指标为自变量,采用SAS8.0软件进行数据分析,建立了不同商品猪胴体瘦肉率最优回归方程,并对回归方程进行了方差分析及残差散点图的回归诊断,结果表明只采用胴体重和背膘厚度两个指标所得的胴体瘦肉率预测方程具有较高的准确度和精度度。     

影响杜长大商品猪胴体评级的性状分析

为研究影响杜长大商品猪胴体评级的相关性状,选择206头活重在90～150 kg的商品猪进行称重、活体背膘P2点测定、屠宰性能测定,测定指标包括:活体重、背膘厚、胴体重、肩膘、6-7肋间膘、最后肋膘、肉色、肋骨数以及胴体等级等主要性能指标,分析性状间的相关性,对不同等级的各胴体性状进行显著性检验,并建立胴体等级与其他性状指标间的回归方程。结果:宰前活重在109.43～116.70 kg、活体背膘厚度11.47～13.44 mm时,胴体评级最优(1～2级);随着宰前活重的增加,肩膘厚、6-7肋间膘厚、最后肋膘厚随之增加,肉色值也有增加的趋势;胴体等级与活体背膘、肩膘厚、6-7肋间膘厚、最后肋膘厚、肉色、性别等性状具有显著的相关性。本研究为指导商品猪饲养管理、商品猪评级、改善养猪经济效益提供了参考依据。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数。结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0.05)高于美系杜洛克后代商品猪;加系杜洛克后代商品猪的瘦肉率、肋骨数显著(P<0.05)低于美系杜洛克。同一品系不同性别间背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率均不显著(P>0.05),加系商品公猪肋骨数极显著低于母猪肋骨数(P<0.01)。结论:美系杜洛克后代商品猪的胴体性状优于加系杜洛克后代商品猪。     

猪胴体分级技术初探

本试验对580头猪(皖北猪)进行现场测定,测量性状为背膘厚度(P1)和背膘厚度(P2)。随机挑选120头,实测胴体瘦肉率。分别用这120头商品肉猪的实测胴体瘦肉率为依变量Y(%),P1,P2两个性状的不同组合为自变量,进行一元和二元线性回归分析。结果表明:实测瘦肉率与估测瘦肉率的相关系数R=0.9336,平均胴体瘦肉率为46.60%,平均胴体重为53.24 kg;胴体瘦肉率与P1,P2和胴体重呈负相关,相关值分别为-0.9282,-0.9187,-0.4063。     

不同背膘厚猪的胴体瘦肉测定

猪肉胴体的竞争力和猪种的改良都依赖于正确估测胴体的组成。许多研究者曾提出过估测出肉率的各种指标的回归方程。作者选用359个在重量、背膘厚度和肌肉发育程度方面有广泛代表性的胴体,并按背膘厚度分为四个等级测定下列指标作为多元回归的自变量。1.冷却胴体重;2.胴体长;3.第10肋骨处的背最长肌面积;4.第10肋骨处背最长肌3/4长度处对应点边膘厚;5.美国农业部肌肉评分;6.平均背膘厚;7.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

猪背膘中NADPH生成酶的活性与瘦肉率关系的初步研究

试验选择湖北白猪断奶仔猪48头,测定150和180日龄的活体背膘厚及背膘脂肪组织中NADPH生成酶的活性。180日龄随机屠宰36头。对背膘中4种NADPH生成酶的活性与活体背膘厚及胴体性状进行相关分析,结果表明:150和180日龄4种酶的总活性与活体背膘厚、胴体背膘厚及肥肉率呈正相关;与胴体瘦肉率呈负相关。说明4种NADPH生成酶的活性高时,猪的活体背膘厚、胴体肥肉率提高,瘦肉率降低。文中还给出了用酶活性估测瘦肉率的回归方程。研究结果表明猪背膘中4种NADPH生成酶的活性可以作为选择瘦肉型猪瘦肉率性状的辅助指标。     

皖南花猪的背膘厚度与胴体组成之相关分析

研究了皖南花猪背膘厚度与胴体组成之间的相关性,并利用回归分析建立了背膘厚与胴体组成之间的最优回归方程。结果表明,去势对猪的肌肉大理石纹、pH和皮率没有影响,去势猪的多数性状明显大于未去势猪,但去势猪的骨率和瘦肉率却明显小于未去势猪,表明去势对猪的膘厚及胴体组成有明显的影响。不同位置的背膘厚之间呈显著的正相关,6~7膘厚和荐膘厚与骨率和脂肪率之间的相关显著(P<0.01),荐膘厚与瘦肉率之间呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),三点平均膘厚仅与脂肪率存在显著的相关,而与皮率、骨率及瘦肉率之间没有明显的相关关系。肉色、大理石纹和pH与皮率、骨率、瘦肉率和脂肪率之间的相关不明显。去势加强了膘厚与胴体皮率、骨率以及脂肪率之间的相关性,可以提高猪胴体重,但这种提高体现在胴体产脂能力的增强,而胴体的产瘦肉能力没有增加。     

不同屠宰体重商品猪胴体性能、肉品质及相关关系研究

测定了体重70～140 kg阶段120头商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性,分析了商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状随体重的变化规律及相关程度,为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明:70～100 kg体重阶段,随体重增大,平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮脂率、肉色和大理石纹显著升高,后腿比例、瘦肉率、骨骼率、L和b值显著降低。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关,相反性状间有较强的负相关。在70～140 kg阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率、皮脂率、骨骼率、肉色和L值与体重之间呈显著的回归关系,其他指标与体重间的线性相关不显著。     

不同屠宰体重商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状及相关关系分析

研究测定了70～140kg体重阶段220头商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性,以分析商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状随体重的变化规律及其相关程度,为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明,70—100kg体重阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、平均背膘厚、皮脂率随体重增大呈显著升高趋势,屠宰率、后腿比例、瘦肉率、骨骼率、b值（黄度）和大理石纹呈显著降低趋势;100～140kg体重阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长和眼肌面积呈显著上升趋势。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关,相反性状间有较强的负相关。在70-140kg体重阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、后腿比例、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率、皮脂率、骨骼率和大理石纹与体重之间呈显著的回归关系,其它指标与体重间的线性相关不显著。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.