蜂胶的挥发性成分及其生物学活性研究进展

蜂胶具有广泛的生物学活性和药理学活性,其中的挥发性成分是蜂胶发挥生物活性的重要组成部分。现对蜂胶挥发性成分的提取方法、化学组成、生物活性的研究作一综述,以期为今后的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

κ-酪蛋白遗传多样性对血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶抑制肽活性的影响

牛奶中蛋白质是生物活性肽的来源之一，这些肽在酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的消化过程中产生。因此，本试验主要研究牛奶中不同的κ-酪蛋白基因型A、B、C、E、F1、F2、G1、G2、H、I和J中活性肽对血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ACE）抑制活性的影响。通过分析肛酪蛋白基因型的氨基酸序列来测定ACE抑制肽的活性。测定了已知的生物活性肽活力和其它一些κ-酪蛋白基因型巾其它肽的活性。结果表明，κ-酪蛋白基因型B和基因型C中的ASP（ACE抑制肽）的IC50（半数抑制浓度）值为242．3，     

蜂胶中黄酮类化合物的生物学活性

蜂胶是西方蜜蜂采集植物树脂 ,并混入蜂蜡和其它分泌物经加工咀嚼而成的一种粘稠物质。蜂胶的化学成分主要包括黄酮类化合物、芳香酸与芳香酸脂、醛与酮类化合物、脂肪酸与脂肪酸酯、萜类化合物、甾体化合物、氨基酸、糖类化合物、烃类化合物、醇和酚类及其它化合物。蜂胶中最大的组分是黄酮类化合物 ,是发挥其生物学活性的主要物质。1、蜂胶中黄酮类化合物的组成世界各地蜂胶样品中分离出来的黄酮类化合物已有 70多种。蜂胶中黄酮类化合物主要包括黄烷酮、黄酮醇类、双氢黄酮类。其中黄烷酮主要有白杨素、杨芽黄素、芹菜素、刺槐素、木犀草…     

蜂胶在兽医上的应用

1　前言中国为养蜂大国 ,蜂蜜产量和出口量均居世界第 1位。全国养蜂约 6 0 0万箱 ,每箱可取蜂胶 1 0 0ｇ ,年产蜂胶量可达 6 0万ｋｇ ,利用蜂胶资源 ,大有可为。2　蜂胶的成份　　蜂胶是具有生物活性的天然物质 ,其化学成份比较复杂 ,含有很多对动物有益的物质。据报道 ,蜂胶含有 5 0 %～ 5 5 %脂类和香膏 ,30 %～ 40 %蜂蜡 ,1 0 %芳香挥发油和 5 %～ 1 0 %花粉。 1 95 5年以前 ,化学家从蜂胶中已分离出 2 77种黄酮化合物 ,还有其它具有生物学活性的有机化合物 ,其中有乙烷基酸油、油脂氨基酸、苯甲酸与肉桂酸衍生物、高良姜素、抗菌素等 ,…     

食品组学技术应用于蜂胶成分鉴定

蜂胶因不同的植物源、蜜蜂所在当地气候的不同、采胶的时间以及蜜蜂种类的不同都会影响蜂胶的成分组成差异，使得蜂胶的化学组成鉴定变得十分复杂。蜂胶的多种生物活性与蜂胶的化学组成息息相关。食品组学技术主要包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等，应用了多种高通量组学技术在食品领域相关问题研究中。食品组学技术中应用于蜂胶研究主要体现在对蜂胶成分、蜂胶的类别、蜂胶的起源地的鉴定，而对于蜂胶的活性及机制研究的应用还比较少。因此，下一步食品组学技术还可以用来深入分析蜂胶的生物活性和蜂胶中的活性成分，提供相关分子机制。     

前列腺素

前列腺素(prostaglandin,PG)是广泛存在于动物和人体内的一组重要的活性物质。因其首先在人和动物的精液中发现并误认为来自前列腺而得此名。PG的化学本质为具20有个碳原子的不饱和脂肪酸,按五碳环的不同及整体结构可分成A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I等若干型。其中E、F、A、B是重要的四型。PG的生物学功能也和其分布一样广泛,它对动物的生殖系统(最重要的)、肾脏与心血管、血小板、呼吸、消化及神经系统和内分泌     

云南蜂胶化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究了从云南蜂胶中获得的3个化合物,经波谱分析(1HNMR、13CNMR、EI-MS)为球松素、白杨素和咖啡酸。3个化合物均为蜂胶中的活性物质,其中球松素从云南蜂胶中首次分离得到。从而进一步阐明了云南蜂胶的药用价值以及为开发利用蜂胶资源提供了新的实验依据。     

蜂胶及其在畜牧业中的开发应用

1　蜂胶的化学组成及饲用安全性1 1　蜂胶的化学组成　蜂胶的化学成分非常复杂,而且由于季节、蜜源植物种类以及提取工艺的不同,蜂胶的化学组成存在差异。一般来讲,蜂胶中约含50 %～55 %的树脂、芳香油,30 %～40 %的蜂蜡,5 %～1 0 %的花粉,还含有黄酮类化合物、芳香酸与芳香酸酯、醛与酮类化合物、脂肪酸与脂肪酸酯、萜类化合物、甾体化合物、氨基酸、糖类化合物、烃类化合物、醇和酚类及多种维生素和矿物质等30 0余种物质,蜂胶的许多生理功能都与其中的黄酮类和萜烯类化合物有关。1 2　蜂胶的饲用安全性　由于蜂胶的提取方法仍然没有标准…     

蜂胶的生物活性和药理作用的研究进展（二）

(接上期)2抗氧化和免疫调节作用意大利Cengarle,L;Carta,A;Tilloca,G.等(1998,1170/00)用甲基亚油酸做底物,测试了蜂胶甲基酮提取液和蜂胶酊对多不饱和脂肪系统的抗氧化作用。蜂胶提取物比维生素E的抗氧化活性较强。用薄层色谱法鉴定出的类黄酮有crisine,高良姜精、莰菲醇、莰菲素、桑色素和菲瑟酮。日本Sun,Fang;Hayami,S;Haruna,S等[6](2000,1224/01)饲喂大鼠缺乏维生素E的饲料,(A)补充1%蜂胶4周或8周,或者(B)不补充蜂胶作对照,评价蜂胶的抗氧化活性。在4周或8周后未观察到组织维生素E有明显差别。4周后A组血浆维生素C浓度明显高…     

蜂胶──一种新型饲料添加利

蜂胶作为一种新型饲料添加剂越来越受到行内人士的关注。蜂胶是工蜂从植物幼芽或树干破伤部位采集来的树脂,并混入上颚腺分泌物和蜂蜡等加工而成的一种具有芳香味的胶状固体物。本文就蜂胶的化学成分、生物学活性、在饲料中的应用作一概述。1蜂胶的化学成分及其生物学活性1．1蜂胶的化学成分蜂胶的组成相当复杂,它与所采取的植物种类有密切关系。蜂胶的主要成分是黄酮类化合物、酚类、内酯、香豆精类、醛酮淄类化合物,少量的铁、钙、镐、硅、锰、铅、锡、镍、铝、铜。锌等微量元素以及维生素B族、维生素A原,以及多种氨基酸、酶、多糖类…     

"神蜂"牌J9311蜂胶囊抗癌作用试验研究

以J931 1蜂胶囊水溶液为样品 ,对小鼠进行了抑制S1 80 实体瘤 (小鼠肉瘤细胞系 )和H2 2 实体瘤 (小鼠肝癌细胞系 )试验以及成分合理性分析试验。试验结果显示 ,对于S1 80 实体瘤 ,J931 1蜂胶囊的有效抑瘤剂量范围是 :0 6g kg～ 4 8g kg。以0 3g kg、0 6g kg、1 2g kg为低、中、高剂量进行抑瘤试验显示 ,中、高剂量组小鼠瘤重明显降低 ,与对照组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 ) ;对于H2 2 实体瘤的有效抑瘤剂量范围是 :1 6g kg～ 6 0g kg ,重复试验差异性结果与S1 80 实体瘤相同。结果表明J931 1蜂胶囊具有抑制小鼠S1 80 和H2 2 实体瘤的作用。J931 1蜂胶囊成分合理性试验显示 ,J931 1蜂胶囊组分抑瘤效果显著优于单独成分及各成分二二组合 ,单独成分中蜂王浆和蜂胶起主要抑瘤作用 ,中药成分起辅助作用     

Adjuvant effect of green propolis on humoral immune response of bovines immunized with bovine herpesvirus type 5

Despite recent technological advances in vaccine production, most vaccines depend on the association with adjuvant substances. In this study, propolis, which has been attracting the attention of researchers due to its bioactive properties, was evaluated as an immunological adjuvant. The association of 40mg/dose of an ethanolic extract of green propolis with an inactivated oil vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01) in the neutralizing antibody levels, comparing to the bovines that received the same vaccine without propolis. Besides, propolis increased the percentage of animals with high antibody titers (above 32). Phenolic compounds such as artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and the derivatives of cinnamic acid besides other flavonoid substances were abundant in the propolis extract used, and they could be the main substances with adjuvant action. The effect of the green propolis extract on the humoral immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines.     

Immunization of neonatal bovines against Theileria annulata by an infection and treatment method

Sixty three cross-bred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) 4-5-day-old calves were divided into 16 groups (A-P). Each calf in Groups A and B was given ground-up-tick supernate prepared from Theileria annulata-infected or non-infected Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (GUTS) equivalent to 5 ticks (50 infected acini). Groups D and E received infected GUTS equivalent to 2 ticks (20 infected acini) and Groups G and H were given infected GUTS equivalent to 1 tick (10 infected acini). Each calf in Groups J, K and L received infected GUTS equivalent to 5 infected acini (0.035 tick), and Group O was inoculated with non-infected GUTS equivalent to 5 ticks. Each calf in Groups A, D, G, J, K and O was also given a single intramuscular injection of long acting oxytetracycline, 20 mg kg-1 body weight just after inoculation of GUTS. Severe reactions resulted in the death of five of eight, three of eight, five of six, one of five and one of five calves in Groups A, D, G, J and K respectively and all of the calves in Groups B, E, H, and L. The surviving calves of Groups A, D, G, J, K and O were challenged on Day 45 post-immunization along with freshly introduced susceptible control calves of Groups C, F, I, M, N and P. All the calves of Groups A, G, J and K withstood the challenge dose; in Group D four of five and in Groups C, F, I, M, N, O, and P all the calves died of theileriosis. It is concluded that though the infection and treatment method of immunization may be used for neonatal bovines, the dose of immunogen should be based on actual counts of infected salivary acini of ticks instead of the number of ticks.     

"神蜂"牌J9311蜂胶囊对血脂的影响及对遗传安全性研究

本实验通过标准试验动物模型进行神蜂牌J9311蜂胶胶囊药效学研究结果显示:与对照组大鼠相比,J9311蜂胶胶囊低中高各剂量组均可使大鼠血清TC值降低(P＜0.05),证明蜂胶及蜂王浆等混合制剂确实具有较好调节血脂的作用.同时还对其进行动物遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)结果均为阴性,表明该品在生物学上是安全可靠的.     

Mortality in swine herds endemically infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae: effect of immunization with cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of Escherichia coli

The benefit of increased immunity to cross-reacting lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria induced by vaccination with an Rc mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (strain J5) was evaluated in commercial swine herds endemically infected with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Weanling pigs were vaccinated IM with E coli J5 (group 1) before the expected time of H pleuropneumoniae infection. Clinical signs, antibiotic treatment frequency, mortality, growth performance (days to market weight), and serologic responses of the pigs were monitored for approximately 5 months after vaccination. The results were compared with those of pigs vaccinated IM with a commercial H pleuropneumoniae bacterin (group 2) and with those of nonvaccinated control pigs of the same age (group 3). The treatment frequency and growth performance were similar in the 3 groups. However, vaccination with E coli J5 or with the H pleuropneumoniae bacterin lowered mortality, compared with mortality in the controls. Serum titers against E coli J5 increased after vaccination with the E coli J5 bacterin, but were not increased by vaccination with the H pleuropneumoniae. In contrast, serum titer to E coli J5 increased in all treatment groups as a result of H pleuropneumoniae infection or exposure. The protection against lethal H pleuropneumoniae infections in swine that was provided by vaccination with the E coli J5 and the H pleuropneumoniae bacterin appeared to be immunologically distinct on the basis of serologic analysis, indicating the possibility of different mechanisms of protection.     

Genotyping of porcine circovirus type 2 from a variety of clinical conditions in China

Genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in clinical tissue specimens collected from pigs of different region in China between 2001 and 2003 were analyzed by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCV2 genomic DNA encompassing the complete ORF2. The results showed that nine different genotypes (A-I) were identified and designated CHN-2A, CHN-2B, CHN-2C, CHN-2D, CHN-2E, CHN-2F, CHN-2G, CHN-2H and CHN-2I, respectively. Amongst the genotypes, 0.6% were CHN-2A (1/173), CHN-2B (1/173) and CHN-2C (1/173) RFLP profile; 2.3% were CHN-2F (4/173) and CHN-2G (4/173); 5.8% were CHN-2D (10/173); 8.6% were CHN-2E (15/173); 18.5% were CHN-2I (32/173) and 60.7% were CHN-2H (105/173). Therefore, our results suggest that CHN-2H is the dominant genotype of PCV2 prevailing in China. Sequence analysis revealed that ORF2 genes of different genotypic PCV2 exhibited the variation extent of 90.5-99.5% and 88-100% in nucleotide and amino acid respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences alignment of the capsid protein encoded by ORF2 of PCV2 presented that three major regions with greater heterogeneity existed at residues 57-90, 121-136 and 180-191 among nine genotypic PCV2. It was concluded that there exist variation in ORF2 genes of different genotypic PCV2 prevailing in China.     

禽霍乱+大肠杆菌病二联蜂胶灭活疫苗与油佐剂疫苗注射部位的动态病理组织学比较观察

用禽霍乱+大肠杆菌二联蜂胶灭活疫苗和油佐剂疫苗分别胸肌注射免疫肉鸡,分别于免疫后7d、14d和28d剖杀,取注射部位的肌肉组织,常规石蜡包埋切片观察。结果为,蜂胶疫苗免疫组免疫后7d时,肌纤维轻度水肿,纤维间有大量淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润,巨噬细胞吞噬有蜂胶颗粒,14d时肌纤维则恢复正常;油苗注射组免疫后,7d时肌肉中度水肿,其间有大量油乳状疫苗残留,镜检可见肌纤维断裂、坏死,其间有较多较大的油囊,囊壁由大量增生的成纤维细胞、异嗜性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、小血管及淋巴样细胞组成,细胞增生持续存在到28d,最后形成肉芽肿结构。研究结果表明,蜂胶疫苗免疫后对局部组织学影响明显小于油苗注射组。     

禾本科8种牧草DNA条形码通用序列筛选

DNA条形码技术是利用DNA保守片段对物种进行快速准确鉴定的新兴技术。本研究根据GenBank中禾本科牧草matK和rbcL基因的核苷酸序列,设计4对通用引物,建立并优化了针对禾本科7个主要牧草属8种牧草11个样品[高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)、玉米(Zea mays)、针茅(Stipa capillata)、"贝克"多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne‘Plxie)、"凯帝莎"多年生黑麦草(L.perenne‘Caddieshack’)、甘肃羊茅(Festuca kansuensis)、"百琪"紫羊茅(F.rubra‘Bargena’)、"梦神"紫羊茅(F.rubra‘Maxima’)、"百胜"草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis‘Barvictor’)、"钻石"草地早熟禾(P.pratensis‘Diamond’)和芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)]的目的片段的扩增条件。对扩增产物进行测序和分析,经分别比对,筛选出8种牧草的4个标记位点5’端和3’端保守序列。对各标记位点保守区内的核苷酸进行单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)的单倍型分析。结果表明,matK1、matK2、matK3分别有6个单倍型(H1~A、H1~B、H1~C、H1~D、H1~E和H1~F)、7个单倍型(H2~A、H2~B、H2~C、H2~D、H2~E、H2~F和H2~G)和3个单倍型(H3~A、H3~B和H3~C),rbcL基因有5个单倍型(H4~A、H4~B、H4~C、H4~D和H4~E)。根据matK(matK1、matK2、matK3)和rbcL基因筛选的4个标记位点为8种牧草建立了相对应的特异DNA识别码。本研究可为混合禾本科牧草饲料中的高粱属、玉蜀黍属、芨芨草属、针茅属、黑麦草属、羊茅属和早熟禾属的8种牧草准确识别提供分子水平上的科学依据。     

蜂胶HPLC指纹图谱真伪鉴别初探

从蜂胶的功效成分—黄酮类化合物着手,测定了真品蜂胶、杨树胶和搀假蜂胶的HPLC指纹图谱。结果发现:真品蜂胶含有19个特征峰中的18个特征峰,缺6号峰;杨树胶含有19个特征峰中的17个特征峰,缺7号和11号峰;搀了杨树胶的搀假蜂胶,含有6号峰,而7号峰和11号峰的峰面积显著降低。通过上述HPLC指纹图谱可以对蜂胶的真伪进行初步鉴别。     

Abstracts

N utritional A bstracts : Is Preformed Cystins Essential to Sheep for Wool Production?. C. R imington and J. G. B ekker
B acteriolcogical A bstracts : A. T. G lenny , A. G. H amp and M. F. S tevenn
B acteriolcogical A bstracts : Infectious Lryngo-tracheitis in Fowls. J. R. B each , O. S eifried
B acteriolcogical A bstracts : Recent Research Throws Some New Light on the Tubercle Bacillus. A F. S chalk
B acteriolcogical A bstracts : Transmission of Coccidiosis of Pigeons to Poultry. H. S. H ofkamp
B acteriolcogical A bstracts : The Resistance of Cystercercus Bovis (Cystercercus Inermis). A. C larenburg
PARASITOLOGICAL ABSTACTS: Blow Fly Control. B. S mit
PARASITOLOGICAL ABSTACTS: Resistance to Parasitism in Chickens Effected by Vitamin B. J. E. A ckeat and L. C. W olf