南县农业血防实施"四个突破"效果效益观察

为探索血吸虫病疫情控制的有效对策,2000年以来,南县在沱江沿线开展了"四个突破"试验观察,取得了显著的灭螺防病效果与经济效益,试验区外洲阳性螺密度由1999年的0.0235只/0.11m2下降为0.0069只/0.11m2,人、畜血吸虫病感染率分别下降了52.67%、49.04%,试区年均增收节支1406万元。     

南县农业血防综合治理效益观察

为探索血吸虫病疫情控制的有效对策,2001年以来,湖南省南县在沱江沿线开展了“四个改变”试验观察,取得了显著的灭螺防病效果与经济效益,试验区湖洲阳性螺密度由2001年的0.0235只/0.11 m2下降为0.0069只/0.11 m2,人、畜血吸虫病感染率分别下降了52.67%、49.04%,试区年均增收节支1406万元。     

血吸虫综合防治试验观察

为探索血吸虫病疫情控制的有效对策,2002年以来,湖南南县在沱江沿线开展了“四个改变”试验观察,取得了显著的灭螺防病效果与经济效益,试验区外洲阳性螺密度由2001年的0.0235只/0.11m2下降为0.0069只/0.11m2,人、畜血吸虫病感染率分别下降了52.67%、49.04%,试验区年均增收节支1406万元。     

平原湖区开挖精养鱼池灭螺效果试验

潜江市龙湾镇是血吸虫病重疫区,作者在镇内两个毗邻村进行了开挖鱼池灭螺防病和常规防治的效果效益比较试验,结果开控鱼池灭螺防病的和平村钉螺面积,活螺框出现率和感染螺框出现率及人、畜血吸虫病感染率都较对照组竺场村显著下降,经济效益和平村也明显高于竺场村。     

洲垸型地区牛血吸虫病流行动态分析

目的分析1993~2007年两个洲垸型血吸虫病流行病学观测点调查数据,评估各种防治措施实施的效果,为策划和调整防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据＂观测点方案＂要求开展人、畜血吸虫病疫情、螺情、野粪等调查,统计分析各项指标。结果2个洲垸型观测点耕牛血吸虫病感染率分别由设点时（1993年）的28.5%和11.99%下降至2007年的6.13%和2.83%,人群血吸虫病血检阳性率仍在高水平上徘徊,垸内残存螺点极少且找不到感染性钉螺,垸外螺情变化不大。结论调查表明洲垸型地区仍是我国血吸虫病流行最严重的地区,垸外钉螺面积大,密度高,难以实施有效的药物灭螺,耕牛常年在湖洲上放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原,这类地区是以畜源性为主的血吸虫病流行区,只有加强对放牧家畜的管理,才能有效地控制血吸虫病疫情。     

平原湖区挖精养鱼池灭螺效果试验

潜江市龙湾镇是血吸虫重疫区，作者在镇内两个毗邻村进行了开挖鱼池灭螺防病和常规防治的效果效益比较试验，结果开控鱼池灭螺防 和平村钉螺面积，活螺框出现率和感染螺框出现率及人、畜血吸虫病感染率都较对照组竺场村显著下降，经济效益和平村也明显高于竺场村。     

仪征市实施农业血防综合治理项目试验效果观察

仪征地处长江下游,其特殊的地理位置、水情、螺情、传统放牧习惯和种植方式,带来了血吸虫病疫情控制的艰巨性、复杂性,沿江乡镇仍是血吸虫病流行区,尚未达到控制标准。为探索血吸虫病疫情控制的有效对策,2005年以来,在沿江5村开展农业血防综合治理项目试验,通过实施水改旱、挖池养殖、增禽减畜、动物血防检测等技术,改造钉螺孳生环境,使试验区内的急感病人下降至1%以下,病畜感染率为零,阳性钉螺面积下降90%以下,达到灭螺治病、农民增收、农业增效"三赢"的效果,为农业血防工作持久、深入开展探索了新路子。     

水渠型地区耕牛血吸虫病疫情动态调查与分析

目的摸清水渠型地区耕牛血吸虫病流行特点和规律,准确评估各种防治措施的成效;方法在水渠型地区湖北省潜江市熊口镇设点,进行流行病学调查观测,统计分析各种调查数据;结果人和耕牛血吸虫病感染率、活螺密度和阳性螺密度均呈先降后升的态势;结论水渠型疫区采用查治和扩大化疗及环改灭螺措施,可使血吸虫病疫情稳步下降。但一旦查治、扩大化疗和环改灭螺力度减弱,再受洪涝灾害疫情、螺情就会迅速反弹,充分表明血防工作必须常抓不懈,坚持反复斗争,才能有效地巩固血防成果。     

江苏省家畜血吸虫病传染源综合治理措施与效果

2004年,国务院调整了全国血吸虫病防治工作策略,将过去“以查灭螺、查治病为主”调整为“以控制传染源为主”。近年来,江苏省家畜血防工作认真贯彻国务院血防工作新策略,实施淘汰耕牛、家畜圈养等有效控制家畜传染源为主的综合防治措施,防治工作取得显著成效,到2007年底,全省71个流行县（市、区）全部达到疫情控制标准以上。     

加大实施"四个突破"力度,控制家畜血吸虫病疫情

永胜县是云南省血吸虫病流行的重疫区县之一,曾有9个乡(镇)54个村委会属流行疫区,从1954年开始到,“九五”末,经过45年艰苦努力,现已有6个疫区乡(镇)达到了家畜血吸虫病传播阻断标准,疫区范围压缩到3个山区乡的6个村委会,这些地区由于环境复杂,“十五”期间经过反复查治和扩大化疗,感染率仍在2%~3%徘徊,疫情未能从根本上得到控制。因此,对山区血吸虫病的防治,在做好查病治病和灭螺的同时,应着力改善疫区的生态环境,切断传播环节,控制血吸虫病流行。     

基于线粒体Cytb基因全序列的东流水牛群体遗传结构分析

[目的]分析安徽东流水牛群体遗传结构,为今后开展地方水牛品种研究提供依据。[方法]利用测序技术对31头东流水牛细胞色素b基因(Cytb)进行序列测定和分析,[结果]发现Cytb基因全长1 140bp,共检测到17个多态位点,构成9种单倍型,单倍型多样度为(0.544±0.107),核苷酸多样度为(0.00112±0.00091)。同时发现东流水牛Cytb基因具有两种终止密码子AGA和AGG。[结论]东流水牛遗传多样性丰富,且起源于2个母系。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.