薄荷提取物对肥育猪生产性能和生化指标的影响

研究日粮中添加薄荷提取物对肥育猪采食量、体型及血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因子设计,选取体重70 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪270头,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头。每组在基础日粮上分别添加薄荷提取物0 mg/kg、6.25 mg/kg、12.5mg/kg、25 mg/kg5、0 mg/kg。结果表明,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加薄荷提取物显著地减少肥育猪的平均日采食量(P<0.01),分别比对照组下降11.96%(P<0.01)、15.03%(P<0.01)和9%(P<0.01)。除试验I组外,其它三组的体型评分均优于对照组,且分别比对照组提高11.49%(P<0.01)、14.28%(P<0.01)和3.18%(P<0.05)。各试验组血清生化指标均与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

微生态制剂对肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

研究旨在探讨无抗饲粮中添加微生态制剂对肥育猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用60头60 kg左右的杜长大肥育猪,随机分成2组,每组3个重复栏,每栏10头。对照组饲喂无抗基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加600 mg/kg微生态制剂的饲粮,试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,微生态制剂组日增重增加7.46%(P0.05),日采食量和料重比差异不显著(P0.05);饲粮中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率分别提高16.26%(P0.01)、9.28%(P0.05)、29.87%(P0.05)和10.19%(P0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶含量提高50.24%(P0.05)。由此可见,肥育猪饲粮中添加600 mg/kg微生态制剂可促进猪肠道对饲粮养分的消化吸收,改善机体代谢状态,促进猪生长。     

γ-氨基丁酸对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及HPA、HPT轴激素分泌的影响

本试验研究不同水平的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及HPA轴(皮质醇、皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素)与HPT轴(游离三碘甲腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、三碘甲腺原氨酸和甲状腺素)激素分泌的影响.选取96头体重约(43.0±3.2) kg的杜长大三元杂交猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复8头(公母各1/2),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、10(组Ⅰ)、20(组Ⅱ)和40 mg/kg GABA(组Ⅲ)的试验日粮,试验期48 d.试验结束时测定猪生长性能,并从对照组及生长效果最佳组的每重复选2头,测定血液指标.结果表明:与对照组相比,3个水平的GABA对生长肥育猪的生产性能都有一定的影响,其中以10 mg/kg组效果最为显著,日增重提高13.08%(P<0.01),料重比降低7.81%(P<0.01).10 mg/kg GABA使三碘甲腺原氨酸和游离三碘甲腺原氨酸水平显著升高(P<0.05);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著升高(P<0.01);乳酸脱氢酶活性及皮质醇、皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素水平显著下降(P<0.05).结果提示,日粮添加GABA可提高生长肥育猪生产性能;10 mg/kg GABA使生长肥育猪的抗氧化性能及甲状腺机能增强.     

姜黄素对育肥猪生产性能、肉品质及胴体参数的影响

选用36头平均体重为(63.73±2.01)kg的杜长大肥育猪,按完全随机区组设计分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头,各组猪分别饲喂含0,200,300和400 mg/kg姜黄素的试验饲粮,研究不同水平的姜黄素对肥育猪生产性能、肉品质及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:肥育阶段平均日增重,400 mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P0.01),料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组采食量均无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,400 mg/kg组的脂肪率和背膘厚降低(P0.05或P0.01),而瘦肉率提高,眼肌面积增大(P0.01)。400 mg/kg组的背最长肌蛋白含量增加,脂肪含量降低,与对照组比差异显著(P0.05)。     

γ-氨基丁酸对提高生长猪生长性能的试验研究

选择杜长大中猪100头(随机分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复25头)和大猪120头(随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复20头)。对照组日粮为基础日粮,中猪试验在基础日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸30mg/kg;大猪组分别添加30、35mg/kg,共试验32d。结果中猪试验组比对照组的日增重提高7.32%,日采食量提高2.14%,料重比降低5.3%。大猪试验组分别比对照组日增重提高14.59%、5.97%,日采食量提高9.61%、6.55%,料重肉降低3.06%、-1.05%。试验结果表明,在日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸具有提高生长育肥猪生产性能的效果。     

γ氨基丁酸对高温环境下生长肥育猪生产性能及激素水平的影响

将96头45 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交商品猪分成4组,日粮中分别添加0(对照)、10、30及50 mg/kg的γ氨基丁酸(GABA),在45 d的试验期内,研究高温环境下日粮添加GABA对生长肥育猪生产性能及抗应激效果的影响.结果表明:日粮添加10、30及50 mg/kg GABA显著提高猪采食量、日增重(P<0.05).血清HPA、HPT激素检测结果表明,GABA降低猪血清ACTH含量(P<0.01),且30、50 mg/kg处理组显著低于10 mg/kg组.与对照组相比,日粮添加30 mg/kg GABA显著降低猪血清COR浓度(P<0.01),而10、50 mg/kg效果不显著(P>0.05).10、30及50 mg/kg GABA均显著降猪低血清CORS含量(P<0.01).日粮添加30或50 mg/kg GABA显著提高猪血清T3、T4含量(P<0.01).实验结果显示,日粮添加GABA可以缓解高温环境生长肥育猪的热应激,提高生产性能.     

复合添加剂对育肥猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用36头平均体重为(63.73±2.01)kg的"杜长大"肥育猪,按完全随机分组设计分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头,各组猪分别饲喂含0、200、300、400mg/kg复合添加剂的试验饲粮,研究不同水平的复合添加剂对肥育猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:肥育阶段平均日增重,400mg/kg组显著高于对照组(P<0.01),料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各组采食量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,400mg/kg组的脂肪率和背膘厚降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),而瘦肉率提高,眼肌面积增大(P<0.01)。     

红茶提取物对猪肉品质及生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究红茶提取物对猪肉品质及生化指标的影响。选择60头约50kg杜长大肥育猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮+2.0g/kg红茶提取物,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验至100kg左右体重结束。结果表明,在本试验条件下,红茶提取物能提高肥育猪的屠宰性能,显著提高屠宰率(P<0.05),改善猪肉品质,改善肉色(P<0.05),增加嫩度,极显著提高肌肉丰度(P<0.01),增加风味指数,提高pH1;改善生化指标,显著提高肌苷酸含量(P<0.05),显著降低胆固醇11.30%(P<0.05),显著提高铁、锌含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲料中添加2.0g/kg红茶提取物可提高屠宰率,改善猪肉品质。     

大蒜素对不同生长阶段杜长大肥育猪生长性能的影响

为探讨大蒜素对不同生长阶段杜长大肥育猪生长性能的影响,选择180头杜长大三元杂种肥育猪,采用单因子随机方差试验设计,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组采用基础饲粮饲养,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加大蒜素150、300、450 mg/kg,其余营养水平一致。试验结果表明:在35~65 kg阶段,日增重,150 mg/kg大蒜素组、300 mg/kg大蒜素组、450 mg/kg大蒜素组分别比对照组降低30.27、10.37、10 g;日采食量,分别比对照组降低8.18%、6.82%、7.73%;料重比,分别比对照组降低0.13、0.17、0.19,但均差异不显著(P0.05)。在65~110 kg阶段,日增重,以300 mg/kg大蒜素组最高,为802.49 g,比对照组高36.75 g;日采食量,150 mg/kg大蒜素组、300 mg/kg大蒜素组、450 mg/kg大蒜素组分别比对照组提高3.1%、3.5%、3.5%。结论:在35~65 kg阶段大蒜素以450 mg/kg添加量适宜;在65~110 kg阶段大蒜素以150与300 mg/kg添加量为宜。     

胍基乙酸在育肥猪饲养中的应用试验

本试验主要探讨胍基乙酸对育肥猪生长性能的影响。选用128头体重为45 kg左右的二元杂交育肥猪为研究对象,按照体重、胎次、性别、日龄完全一致的原则随机分为3个处理组,每组7个重复,每个重复8头猪。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮上添加0.1%胍基乙酸(试验I组)、基础日粮添加0.2%胍基乙酸(试验II组)。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验I组和试验II组平均日增重分别提高90.75 g/头和53.10g/头,日采食量分别提高83.58 g/头和109.44 g/头,料肉比降低0.32和0.11;试验I组和试验II组有效提高育肥猪综合体型得分、体长、体高腿臀围、腹围和胸围。由此可见,在日粮中添加0.1%和0.2%胍基乙酸能有效提高育肥猪日采食量和日增重,降低料肉比,改善体型,增加经济效益。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.