“国峰7号”李子在山西的引种表现及栽培技术要点

‘国峰7号’是辽宁省果树科学研究所2005年以‘龙园秋李’和‘澳14’李杂交育成的新品种，2016年由山西农业大学果树研究所引进，具有极晚熟、抗寒、抗流胶病、耐贮运、风味浓郁等特点。果实扁圆形，果顶平，平均单果重70.445克，最大单果重88.34克，果实整齐度好，缝合线浅，两半对称；果皮底色黄绿，成熟时果皮紫黑色，不易剥离；果肉黄色，近皮红色，纤维细、少，果肉品质上；果实可食率98.64%。可溶性固形物含量21.28%，可溶性糖含量9.0%，可滴定酸含量1.6%，Vc含量6.0 mg/100g，花青素含量0.732mg/g，硬度10.8 kg/cm2；半离核，核倒卵圆形，核鲜重0.958g。在山西省晋中市8月中下旬成熟，果实发育期138d左右，适宜在晋中及周边地区栽培。     

30份甜樱桃种质资源果实性状的调查研究

通过对台州地区引种栽培的30份优良甜樱桃种质资源进行了物候期、品质特征等方面进行调查研究，掌握种质资源果实性状表现现状，为浙江等南方地区甜樱桃栽培种质资源选择提供依据。结果表明，甜樱桃果实遗传多样性丰富，单果重介于5 g - 12 g，可溶性固形物含量12% - 22%，其中‘布鲁克斯’‘瑞德’‘齐早’‘早罗宾’‘红蜜-T’等种质资源综合表现较好，适宜在浙江等南方地区栽培推广种植。     

保加利亚主栽苹果品种在烟台试栽的果实品质分析

不同国家和地区的苹果种质资源具有不同的果实品质，本文以2012年从保加利亚引进的4个苹果主栽品种和烟台本地主栽品种‘红将军’为试验材料，分析了成熟期果实的常规品质、糖酸组分和香气物质的含量。结果表明，保加利亚品种与烟台本地品种在果实品质、口感和风味上存在明显差异，‘Martinike’的果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖和总单宁含量均为最大，数值分别是9.8kg?cm-2，14.1%和9.43%、780.15mg?kg-1；在香气物质成分分析中，‘Martinike’检测出的香气物质种类最多为43种，且其醇类相对含量最高为27.79%，是典型的醇香型苹果，另外‘Martinike’的酯类含量最高，而与贮藏性呈正相关的ɑ-法尼烯的相对含量却是最低。综上认为，‘Martinike’的综合性状最为优良，可作为种质资源与本地品种杂交进行创新利用，并优先在烟威地区乃至全省及苹果适栽区进行推广。     

不同树形和授粉方式及品种对‘早红李’座果率的影响

【目的】】针对‘早红李’座果率低的问题，研究不同树形和人工授粉对其座果率及品质的影响，为提升‘早红李’的产量和品质提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。【方法】本试验以 5 年生‘早红李’为材料，研究不同的树形对果实的影响，并采用不同的品种和授粉方式，分析对其座果率的影响。【结果】（1）避雨栽培下果实的可溶性固形物高于露天栽培；（2）树形为开心型和篱壁型的‘早红李’单果重、纵横径高于自然型；（3）授粉品种和授粉方法对‘早红李’座果率的影响明显，表现为大红李﹥吉胜﹥大石早生，电动喷粉﹥人工点授﹥液体授粉。【结论】‘早红李’在避雨下栽培且树形为开心型有利于提高果实产量和品质；大红李是较理想的父本，而电动喷粉是最理想的授粉方式。     

四个猕猴桃品种在南京地区引种栽培表现

猕猴桃果实风味独特，富含维生素C，享有“水果之王”的美称，近年来发展迅速。江苏省气候适合猕猴桃的生长，栽培面积逐年增加，本文对四个猕猴桃优良品种‘青皮红香’、‘早鲜’、‘翠香’和‘晚红’在南京地区的引种栽培表现进行了观测。四个猕猴桃品种果实各具特点，且与其他地区的表现有所差异，‘青皮红香’果皮无毛，红肉，但在南京果肉为绿色，其他果皮品质也不佳；‘早鲜’成熟早，在南京8月中旬即可成熟，耐贮藏，果实重量达到91.03 g，且维生素C含量较高，为82.13 mg/100g，但口味偏酸；‘翠香’果皮易剥落，果肉翠绿，可溶性糖含量（9.56%）和糖酸比（8.25）较高，口味佳；‘晚红’果肉绿，果心周围具红色，可溶性固形物含量高达19.11，但果实较小，为62.92 g。     

不同负载量对‘蜂糖李’产量和果实品质的影响

为提高‘蜂糖李’产量，改善果实品质。本研究以9年生‘蜂糖李’为试材，研究了4个负载量水平，即201~400个果实/株(T1）、401~600个/株（T2）、601~800个/株（T3）和800个/株以上（T4）对其产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明，随着负载量的增多，产量随之增加，而单果重和果实品质则降低。其中单株负载量在601~800个，果实的整齐度最佳，产量为27.76kg/株，显著高于T1和T2；T3可溶性固形物含量高达19.63%，糖酸比44.98，维生素C含量为3.32 mg?(100g﹣1)，产量和品质表现良好。合理的负载量能提高‘蜂糖李’的产量和品质，单株控果量在601~800个间最适宜。     

HPLC法同时测定和评价“黔中金荞麦”中4种成分含量

“黔中金荞麦”是贵州省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所选育的优质牧草（品种登记号：2019581）。为建立同时测定该药材中表儿茶素、原花青素B2、芦丁和槲皮素的检测方法,考察其含量多样性。采用高效液相色谱法建立检测方法,测定并分析其含量与野生金荞麦的差异。结果得出检测方法为：C18柱（250×4.6 mm,5 μm）,乙腈-0.4%磷酸水梯度洗脱,进样量10 μL,流速0.7 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,温度30 ℃;原花青素B2、表儿茶素、芦丁和槲皮素分别在5～85 μg/mL（r2=0.9998）、5～80 μg/mL（r2=0.9998）、0.5～8 μg/mL（r2=0.9996）、0.125~2.0 μg/mL（r2=0.9999）范围内呈现良好线性关系,加样回收率高;黔西和麦坪的“黔中金荞麦”4种成分总含量高达1189.70μg/g、1108.01μg/g,其中原花青素B2、芦丁和槲皮素含量最高,丹寨野生金荞麦表儿茶素含量最高。试验结果说明本法准确可靠,适合“黔中金荞麦”的内控质量监测,“黔中金荞麦”中活性物质含量高且质量稳定,优于野生金荞麦。因此本试验为该药材的开发应用提供了理论基础。     

基于SSR标记检测与重测序技术的三个李品种鉴定与遗传背景简析

根据SSR标记分型结果结合果实成熟期与外观特征,探索快速区分‘玉带李’等三个熟期或外观相近的青皮李品种的方法,并使用基因组重测序技术简析其遗传背景。本试验使用前人公布的77对李属种质资源SSR标记对‘玉带李’等三个青皮李品种开展基因分型,结果表明,29号引物和UDP98-021可以作为区分‘蜂糖李’的分子标记,ASS R71可以作为区分‘青脆李’的分子标记;再结合‘玉带李’的果实成熟期和水渍带状缝合线,可以成功区分出这3个李品种。此外,基于重测序技术的SNP、InDel变异检测以及可视化分析的结果表明‘玉带李’与其他两个对照品种的遗传背景差异较大,而‘青脆李’和‘蜂糖李’遗传背景高度相似。‘玉带李’可以作为‘青脆李’和‘蜂糖李’的配套授粉品种,是李品种改良的优良亲本。     

蓝莓新品种“皖引-薄雾”的选育

‘皖引-薄雾’是南高丛蓝莓中综合性状表现最好的新品种之一。平均单果重2.22g，果实扁圆形、果形指数0.78，可溶性固形物含量15.26%，有机酸含量0.74%，维生素C含量44.50 mg?kg-1，花青素含量49.00 mg?kg-1。     

李、杏品种S基因型在杂交亲本选择中的应用

以63个李、杏、杏李品种为试材，根据平均单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc含量5个指标筛选出‘味帝’、‘味王’、‘味厚’、‘恐龙蛋’、‘味馨’、‘风味皇后’、‘风味玫瑰’、‘巴塘李’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘克孜克西米西’、‘平顶香’、‘奉化李’、‘蜜李’、‘康什’、‘沙金红’等15个果实较大、品质优良的品种作为杂交亲本的育种材料，并结合15个优良品种的S基因型和花期，从210对杂交组合中最终筛选出了66对可行的种间杂交组合，为李亚科远缘杂交新品种创制提供了重要的理论基础和实践指导。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.