牦牛肌内脂肪沉积影响因素及相关基因研究进展

肌内脂肪含量是牦牛肉品质的主要决定因素之一,可通过改变肌内脂肪含量有效改善牦牛肉品质.肌内脂肪的沉积受品种、性别、营养、环境等诸多因素影响,目前对于肌内脂肪沉积相关基因和营养方面的研究较多,但环境和性别因素对肌内脂肪沉积的影响则研究较少.本文主要对影响牦牛肌内脂肪沉淀的因素和牦牛肌内脂肪沉积的相关基因进行综述,旨在为牦...     

猪肌内脂肪沉积机理研究进展

脂肪不仅是动物体的重要能量来源,并且与肉产品的品质、风味以及食用价值有很大的关系。随着人们消费水平的提高,要求猪胴体不仅有高的瘦肉率,对肉品的风味以及感观满意程度也提出了要求。而肌内脂肪含量是决定肉质的一个主要因素,尤其对肉的嫩度、风味和多汁性等有着重要的影响。肌内脂肪的生成受到遗传和营养的调控,各国学者就肌内脂肪的形成从细胞学,组织化学等方面做了深入研究。文章就猪的肌内脂肪的沉积机理的研究进展作一综述。     

家畜不同部位脂肪沉积机制的研究进展

家畜的脂肪主要存在于皮下、内脏、肌内等部位,脂肪库中的脂肪分配到各部位的脂肪是按照内脏脂肪、皮下脂肪和肌内脂肪的先后顺序。脂肪组织的生长是影响动物生长效率、瘦肉率和肉品质的关键因素,且皮下脂肪和内脏脂肪沉积会导致饲料利用率下降,造成资源浪费,因此深入解析不同部位脂肪的调控机制,不仅可以阐明肌内脂肪的特异性调控方式,还可为畜禽肉品质改良提供有效方案,减少资源浪费。本文总结了部分lncRNA、miRNA、circRNA和脂肪调控相关基因对脂肪生成机制的调节作用,重点分析了它们在家畜不同部位脂肪沉积中的作用,为制定有效的脂肪沉积策略提供参考。     

猪肌内脂肪沉积的影响因素及其研究进展

猪肌内脂肪的含量是影响猪肉品质的重要因素,它影响着肉的嫩度、风味和多汁性。猪肌内脂肪的调控机制很复杂．主要受营养、环境和基因等多方面影响。本文主要综述了影响猪肌内脂肪沉积的相关因素及其研究进展,为深入研究猪肌内脂肪沉积提供参考。     

肉牛肌内脂肪的研究进展

肌内脂肪是影响肉品质的关键因素之一,肌内脂肪含量高,大理花纹丰富,肉细嫩、口感好。作者从影响肌内脂肪含量的主要因素着手,分析了不同的遗传基础、年龄、屠宰部位、日粮等因素对肌内脂肪的影响,为生产优质高档牛肉提供依据。     

羊肉肌内脂肪及影响因素的研究进展

随着人们消费理念的转变和对羊肉营养价值的认识,羊肉的市场需求量日益增加,而人们对羊肉品质的要求也越来越高.在众多影响羊肉品质的因素中,肌内脂肪是重要因素之一.羊肌肉脂肪包括肌间脂肪和肌内脂肪(IMF),肌间脂肪通常存在于肌外膜上,主要成分为三酰甘油;而肌内脂肪则均匀分布于肌肉中,存在于肌束膜和肌内膜上[1],与膜蛋白紧密结合在一起,其主要成分为磷脂,是影响肌肉风味的重要前体物[2].     

维生素A对动物肌内脂肪的营养调控研究进展

肌内脂肪(Intramuscular fat, IMF)是指肌肉内沉积的脂肪,主要包括磷脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇,其含量是评价肉品质的重要指标。维生素A是基因表达的关键调节因子,通过转录因子、信号通路和表观遗传修饰等途径对肌内脂肪细胞进行调控,影响动物脂肪合成和脂类代谢。本文主要综述了维生素A调控脂肪分化的机理,为通过营养途径调控肌内脂肪提供参考。     

猪肌内脂肪的研究进展

猪肌内脂肪的含量是影响猪肉品质的一个重要因素,它影响着肉的嫩度、系水力、剪切力值、风味和多汁性。猪肉肌内脂肪的调控机制很复杂,主要受营养、环境和基因等多个方面的影响,其中,营养调控和基因调控是改善猪肌内脂肪沉积的根本途径。综述了猪肌内脂肪的形成以及营养和基因对其调控作用和机制的研究进展。     

猪肌内脂肪调控相关基因的研究进展

脂肪不仅是动物能量的主要来源,而且还与肉品的风味品质及食用价值有很大的关系.猪肌内脂肪的含量是影响猪肉品质的一个重要因素,它影响肉的嫩度、系水力、剪切力值、风味和多汁性.肌内脂肪的沉积受多种因素的影响,包括遗传、营养、环境等因素.该文首先介绍肌内脂肪对猪肉品质的影响,其次,再从基因水平阐述各种基因对肌内脂肪调控的相关研究进展,以期通过调控肌内脂肪含量获得更高品质的猪肉产品.     

羊肌内脂肪调控研究进展

羊肌内脂肪的含量是影响羊肉品质的一个重要因素,其含量高低决定肉嫩度、多汁性和风味等肉质性状的优劣。羊肉肌内脂肪的调控机制非常复杂,主要受营养、环境和遗传等多方面的影响,其中基因调控是改善羊肌内脂肪沉积的根本途径之一。论文综述了羊肌内脂肪的作用与影响因素及其研究进展,为后续开展相关工作提供参考。     

Genetic parameter estimates of meat quality traits in Duroc pigs selected for average daily gain, longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and intramuscular fat content

Using a multitrait animal model BLUP, selection was conducted over seven generations for growth rate (ADG), real-time ultrasound LM area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat content (IMF) to develop a new line of purebred Duroc pigs with enhanced meat production and meat quality. This selection experiment examined 543 slaughtered pigs (394 barrows and 153 gilts) from the first to the seventh generation for meat quality traits. Further, electric impedance and collagen content of loin meat were measured from the fourth to sixth generation. The present study was intended to estimate genetic parameters of the correlated traits of tenderness (TEND), meat color (pork color standard: PCS; lightness = L*), drip loss (DL), cooking loss (CL), pH (PH), electric impedance (IMP), and collagen (COL) of the LM, and the genetic trends of these traits. Respective heritability estimates for IMF, TEND, DL, CL, PCS, L*, PH, IMP, and COL were 0.39, 0.45, 0.14, 0.09, 0.18, 0.16, 0.07, 0.22, and 0.23. Genetic correlations of IMF with ADG and BF were low and positive, but low and negative with LMA. Tenderness was correlated negatively with ADG (-0.44) and BF (-0.59), but positively correlated with LMA (0.32). The genetic correlation between LMA and DL was positive and high (0.64). The genetic correlations of TEND with IMF and COL were low (-0.09 and 0.26, respectively), but a moderate genetic correlation (0.43) between COL and IMF was estimated, suggesting related increases of IMF and connective tissue. Genetic correlations among meat quality traits suggested that when IMF increases, the water holding capacity improves. Genetic trends of meat quality traits showed increased IMF and lighter meat color.     

Genetic correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration and performance and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs

This study was intended to examine whether serum IGF-I concentration is appropriate for use as a physiological predictor for genetic improvement of meat production and meat quality traits in pigs. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for these traits. The Duroc breed used in this study was selected for seven generations for average daily BW gain (DG) from 30 to 105 kg of BW, loin-eye muscle area (EM), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF) content. Serum IGF-I concentration of boars and gilts at the fourth generation of selection and that of boars, gilts, and barrows from the fifth to seventh generations of selection were measured at 8 wk (IGFI-8W) for 832 animals and again at the time they reached 105 kg of BW (IGFI-105KG) for 834 animals. A multivariate REML procedure was used to estimate genetic parameters with a model incorporating generation of selection, sex, common environmental effect of litter, and individual additive genetic effects. Heritability estimates for IGFI-8W and IGFI-105KG were 0.23 +/- 0.02 and 0.26 +/- 0.03, respectively. The estimates of common environmental effect for IGFI-8W and IGFI-105KG were 0.20 +/- 0.02 and 0.03 +/- 0.01, respectively. Positive genetic correlations were estimated between IGFI-8W and DG (0.26 +/- 0.08), EM (0.22 +/- 0.10), and IMF (0.32 +/- 0.10). Moreover, the positive genetic correlation between IGFI-105KG and EM was 0.42 +/- 0.08. These results indicate that serum IGF-I concentration at an early stage of growth was effective for prediction of IMF, but it was not a reliable physiological predictor of genetic merit of meat production traits.     

microRNA调控猪肌内脂肪沉积的研究进展

肌内脂肪（intramuscular fat,IMF）含量是评判猪肉品质的关键指标,其可影响猪肉的嫩度、剪切力、多汁性和风味等。微小RNA （microRNA,miRNA）是一类长度约为22 nt的短链非编码RNA,在胚胎发育、成脂分化、肌纤维形成、神经调节、免疫应答等多种生理过程中发挥重要作用。越来越多的研究表明,miRNA在猪肌内脂肪沉积过程中发挥重要调控作用,是脂质代谢的重要调控因子。作者通过归纳国内外关于miRNA调控猪肌内脂肪沉积的相关研究发现,miR-34a、miR-125a-5p、miR-32-5p等通过靶向作用转录因子Krüppel样因子（Krüppel-like factors,KLF）家族成员调控猪肌内脂肪沉积,miR-130a通过靶向作用过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,PPAR）家族成员调控猪肌内脂肪沉积,miR-34a、miR-17-5p和miR-125a-5p等通过靶向作用其他家族成员,如长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶4（acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4,ACSL4）、核受体共激活因子3（nuclear receptor coactivator 3,NCOA3）等来调控猪肌内脂肪沉积。然而miRNA调控猪肌内脂肪的具体作用机制尚不完全清楚,还需要进一步探究。作者通过梳理目前已经证实的与猪肌内脂肪沉积相关的miRNA,整理相关miRNA的靶基因以及主要作用通路,以期为筛选肌内脂肪相关miRNA提供参考,为改善肉质提供新的思路和策略,为阐明miRNA在猪脂质代谢中的作用机制提供参考。     

鸡微卫星DNA标记与肉品质性状关系研究

利用25个微卫星标记，对以隐性白羽鸡和仙居鸡为亲本建立的资源群体F2500只鸡进行遗传检测，并测定各个体的鸡肉pH值、失水率、嫩度和肌间脂肪含量，采用方差分析法对标记与性状进行相关分析。结果表明：各位点平均等位基因数为5，平均杂合度为0．7012，平均多态信息含量为0．6468。嫩度间与pH值存在显著的正相关（P〈0．05），与肌间脂肪存在极显著的正相关（P〈0．01），与失水率之间存在显著负相关（P〈0．05）。方差分析显示：ADL136对肌间脂肪含量的影响极显著（P〈0．01）；MCW0095和ADL166对嫩度影响显著（P〈0．05）；MCW264对pH值影响显著（P〈0．05）；MCW264、ADL211和MCW0223对失水率影响极显著（P〈0．01）；其他标记对性状的影响未达到显著水平。     

Comparison of three models to estimate breeding values for percentage of loin intramuscular fat in Duroc swine

Three selection models were evaluated to compare selection candidate rankings based on EBV and to evaluate subsequent effects of model-derived EBV on the selection differential and expected genetic response in the population. Data were collected from carcass- and ultrasound-derived estimates of loin i.m. fat percent (IMF) in a population of Duroc swine under selection to increase IMF. The models compared were Model 1, a two-trait animal model used in the selection experiment that included ultrasound IMF from all pigs scanned and carcass IMF from pigs slaughtered to estimate breeding values for both carcass (C1) and ultrasound IMF (U1); Model 2, a single-trait animal model that included ultrasound IMF values on all pigs scanned to estimate breeding values for ultrasound IMF (U2); and Model 3, a multiple-trait animal model including carcass IMF from slaughtered pigs and the first three principal components from a total of 10 image parameters averaged across four longitudinal ultrasound images to estimate breeding values for carcass IMF (C3). Rank correlations between breeding value estimates for U1 and C1, U1 and U2, and C1 and C3 were 0.95, 0.97, and 0.92, respectively. Other rank correlations were 0.86 or less. In the selection experiment, approximately the top 10% of boars and 50% of gilts were selected. Selection differentials for pigs in Generation 3 were greatest when ranking pigs based on C1, followed by U1, U2, and C3. In addition, selection differential and estimated response were evaluated when simulating selection of the top 1, 5, and 10% of sires and 50% of dams. Results of this analysis indicated the greatest selection differential was for selection based on C1. The greatest loss in selection differential was found for selection based on C3 when selecting the top 10 and 1% of boars and 50% of gilts. The loss in estimated response when selecting varying percentages of boars and the top 50% of gilts was greatest when selection was based on C3 (16.0 to 25.8%) and least for selection based on U1 (1.3 to 10.9%). Estimated genetic change from selection based on carcass IMF was greater than selection based on ultrasound IMF. Results show that selection based on a combination of ultrasonically predicted IMF and sib carcass IMF produced the greatest selection differentials and should lead to the greatest genetic change.     

北京鸭胸肌肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能指标的关系

对Z型北京鸭3个品系的肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明:Z2系母鸭腿肌重、皮脂重与肌内脂肪含量的相关系数分别为0.3738、0.4349(P<0.01),均为极显著中强正相关,而皮脂率为显著弱正相关。Z4系公母鸭肌内脂肪含量与胸肌重(率)、腿肌重(率)、腹脂重(率)、皮脂重(率)均相关较弱,表现为相关不显著。杂交系公鸭皮脂重与肌内脂肪含量相关系数为0.3(P<0.05),表现为显著弱正相关;母鸭胸肌重、腿肌重与肌内脂肪含量均表现为显著弱正相关。综合本试验可得出:由于各品系间及品系内肌内脂肪含量与屠体各指标相关程度的不同,在瘦肉型北京鸭选育过程中,要针对不同品系公母单独制定育种目标,以加快北京鸭的选育速度。     

Relationship between the expression of key lipogenic enzymes,fatty acid composition,and intramuscular fat content of Limousin and Aberdeen Angus cattle

The amount and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) are major factors in determining the nutritional value of beef. Understanding the mechanisms regulating IMF formation is important for designing strategies for manipulation of IMF quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of key lipogenic enzymes towards intramuscular fat formation in Aberdeen Angus and Limousin crossbred steers. This study reports the presence of 150 kDa acetyl-CoA-carboxylase α (ACCα), 150 kDa fatty acid synthase (FAS), 37 kDa stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), 50 kDa Δ6-desaturase (Δ6d), and 50 kDa Δ5-desaturase (Δ5d) immunoreactive bands in cattle muscle (as detected by Western blot analyses). A significant positive relationship was established between ACCα protein content and IMF content; FAS protein content and IMF, as well as between expression of these enzymes and the products of their reactions, saturated fatty acid. IMF level was also positively related to the expression of Δ6d and Δ5d proteins. However, no relationship was found between IMF and the amount of SCD protein. It is suggested that the rate of saturated fatty acids and PUFA biosynthesis might have a significant impact on IMF deposition in cattle.     

鸡肉肌苷酸和肌内脂肪沉积规律研究

鸡肉肌苷酸（IMP）和肌内脂肪（IMF）含量与鸡肉风味品质密切相关，脂肪决定了鸡肉特殊的肉香味，而肌苷酸是一种重要的滋味物质。不同的消费者对肉鸡的品种、年龄、性别乃至部位都有不同偏好，这除了与风俗习惯有关外，更重要的是对品质和风味特性的选择。本研究通过比较不同品种、性别、日龄和部位的鸡肉IMP和IMF的含量，旨在探讨IMP和IMF的沉积规律，为确定风味性状选择方法提供依据。     

优质鸡肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与屠宰及肉质性状的相关分析

选取92日龄不同优质新品系鸡50只,分析了肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与屠宰性状和肉质性状的相关性。结果显示:肌内脂肪(IMF)含量与腹脂率的相关系数最高(r=0.3234,P=0.0220),与腿肌率的相关系数达到了显著水平(P<0.05);肌苷酸(IMP)含量与胸肌率的相关系数最高(r=0.3604,P=0.0102)。总体上肌内脂肪(IMF)和肌苷酸(IMP)含量与肉质性状的表型相关较弱,其中肌内脂肪(IMF)含量与水分呈显著水平的表型负相关(P<0.05),肌苷酸(IMP)含量与水分呈显著水平的表型正相关(P<0.05),与pH值的相关系数也达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。     

仙湖肉鸭B系肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能关系研究

本研究对仙湖肉鸭B系的肌内脂肪含量与屠体性状关系进行分析.结果表明:公鸭活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重与肌内脂肪含量均表现为中等正相关,其中半净膛重与肌内脂肪含量的相关关系达到显著水平(P<0.05),胸肌重、腿肌重、皮脂重、皮脂率均与肌内脂肪含量呈弱的正相关,相关关系不显著;母鸭腹脂重、腹脂率与肌内脂肪含量的相关系...