发挥资源优势加快我国绒山羊产业化发展

1 我国绒山羊产业基本情况 绒山羊产业是一个以绒山羊饲养和羊绒资源生产为依托,以羊绒加工为纽带、以羊绒制品贸易为拉动、以市场经济为导向的产业.在这个相互依存、制约的产业链条中,绒山羊饲养不仅是整个绒山羊产业的根本,而且已经成为华北、西北地区1300多万农牧民的重要生活来源.     

西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊的遗传变异进行了分析比较 ,用 37个随机引物和 5 5个两两组合的随机引物组合进行筛选 ,筛选出了 5个多态性较为丰富的随机引物 (组合 )。用这 5个随机引物 (组合 )对 3个品种 ,每个品种 2 8个个体进行扩增。据它们的RAPD指纹图计算了遗传距离 ,得到 :西藏绒山羊同内蒙古绒山羊的遗传距离为 0 0 876 ,西藏绒山羊同辽宁绒山羊的遗传距离为0 16 0 1,内蒙古绒山羊同辽宁绒山羊的遗传距离为 0 0 80 3。这同它们之间地理位置的远近相吻合。据RAPD指纹图计算了西藏绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊的遗传变异分别为 0 32 6 6 ,0 2 6 2 2 ,0 2 4 75。这同它们系统选育的历史长短相一致。     

辽宁绒山羊舍饲实用技术(Ⅰ)

通过对辽宁绒山羊的生活习性、绒山羊羊舍的建筑、绒山羊的营养需要、绒山羊日粮配合、绒山羊日常管理、绒山羊的疫病防治和绒山羊舍饲成本核算的论述,说明了辽宁绒山羊舍饲圈养经验是成功的,解决了山区的林牧矛盾问题。如政府和畜牧技术部门加以正确引导,加大示范推广力度,养羊户是能够接受辽宁绒山羊舍饲圈养的。     

多绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊毛被特性比较研究

随机取多绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊各 1 53只 ,经一年的跟踪测定统计发现 ,辽宁绒山羊为双层组织结构毛被 ,绒和毛分层清晰 ,成年公母羊平均毛长分别为 1 5.50厘米和 1 4.95厘米 ,平均绒长 8.6 4厘米和 6 .32厘米 ;多绒山羊为单层组织结构毛被 ,除背线、颈、腹部稍见到粗毛外 ,全身长着厚密长绒 ,毛稀短 ,酷似绵羊 ,成年公母羊平均毛长分别为 1 1 .85厘米和 1 0 .85厘米 ,平均绒长为 9.50厘米和 8.51厘米。在绒毛比、绒自然长度和产绒量上 ,多绒山羊均高于辽宁绒山羊 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;净绒率略高于辽宁绒山羊 ,绒细度略粗于辽宁绒山羊。     

循化县山羊、辽宁绒山羊、改良绒山羊血清生化指标的测定

对循化县山羊、引进的辽宁绒山羊及改良绒山羊的14项血清生化指标进行了测定,结果表明3种山羊的血清钾、钠、钙、氯和无机磷浓度相近,改良绒山羊的血清谷丙转氨酶和血清谷-草转氨酶活性高于辽宁绒山羊,辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊的硫酸锌浊度试验和麝香草酚浊度试验相近似;循化县山羊和改良绒山羊的血清总蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊,而循化县山羊的白蛋白与球蛋白比值高于辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊。     

柴达木山羊血清生化指标测定

对柴达木山羊、引进的辽宁绒山羊及改良绒山羊的１４项血不生化指标进行了测定。结果;结果：三种山羊的血清钾、钠、钙、氯和无机磷浓度相近似;改良绒山羊的ＧＰＴ和ＧＯＴ活性高于辽宁绒山羊;辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊的ＺｎＴＴ和ＴＴＴ相近似;柴达木山羊和改良绒山羊的血清总蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊,而柴达木山羊的Ａ／Ｇ比值显著高于辽宁绒山羊和改良绒山羊。     

绒山羊硫的营养与需要量研究进展

硫是绒山羊机体必需的元素,对绒山羊的生产有着极为重要的意义。论文对绒山羊硫需要量及其营养作用进行了简要介绍,着重叙述硫在绒山羊体内的分布、硫在绒山羊营养中的重要作用、以及绒山羊生产中硫的需要量,为硫的合理应用奠定基础。     

FSHR基因多态性及其与陇东绒山羊产双羔关联性分析

为了寻找控制陇东绒山羊双羔性状的分子标记,本研究以陇东绒山羊双羔母羊及所产F1代为实验材料,并以单胎的陇东绒山羊母羊和单胎的辽宁绒山羊母羊为对照,采用PCR-SSCP及测序法分析陇东绒山羊FSHR基因第10外显子遗传多态性,运用最小二乘法分析其与产羔性状的关联性。结果检测到G1542T和T1595G2个多态位点,其中T1595G位点为错义突变,可导致所编码的氨基酸由甲硫氨酸(Met)变为精氨酸(Arg),该位点包括4种基因型分别为AA型、AB型、BB型和AC型,陇东绒山羊双羔群体的优势基因型为BB型,优势等位基因为B;陇东绒山羊BB型个体的产羔数最高,AB型个体次之,且AB型、BB型母羊产羔数与AA型、AC型差异显著。因此,FSHR基因第10外显子T1595G位点B等位基因对陇东绒山羊产羔数有显著影响,可以作为陇东绒山羊产双羔的一个候选分子标记。本研究为进一步筛选陇东绒山羊双羔性状主效基因提供了技术支撑,进而为加快高繁殖力陇东绒山羊的选育进程提供依据。     

乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种资源保护和利用

乌珠穆沁白绒山羊是内蒙古自治区的优良地方品种,绒肉生产性能高,是一个绒肉兼用的白绒山羊品种.随着人类社会生存发展的需要和畜牧业生产可持续发展的需要,加强对乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种资源的保护和利用具有重要的意义.乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种资源保护和利用,将以重点保护和分散开发为原则,以活体保种为主,结合冷冻精液、冷冻胚胎等生物技术,建立乌珠穆沁白绒山羊育种核心群,建立乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种资源基因保存库,形成具有乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种特色的保种体系.通过对乌珠穆沁白绒山羊品种资源保护和利用,将产生显著的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益.     

不同营养水平对陕北白绒山羊羊绒品质的影响

陕北白绒山羊产于陕西省北部榆林、延安两市,尤其在榆林市得到了迅速扩大。它是以辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊为父本、子午岭黑山羊为母本,经过20多年选育形成的绒肉兼用山羊新品种,2002年12月份通过国家畜禽品种审定委员会审定、验收,2003年被农业部正式命名。试验研究不同营养水平日粮对陕北白绒山羊羊绒品质的影响,为陕北白绒山羊的科学饲养和今后的深入研究提供基础资料和依据,现报道如下。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.