鲜蛋表面屎肠球菌耐药性及万古霉素vanA基因检测

为了研究新鲜鸡蛋表面屎肠球菌耐药性和万古霉素A(vanA)基因的携带情况,试验在养鸡场收集新鲜鸡蛋,分离蛋壳表面的屎肠球菌,用16S rDNA通用引物对分离的屎肠球菌进行种属鉴定,K-B纸片琼脂扩散法进行耐药性分析,并检测耐万古霉素屎肠球菌携带vanA基因的情况。结果表明:革兰氏染色镜检可见革兰氏阳性单个、成对或短链状排列的圆形菌体,符合屎肠球菌的染色和形态特征;从200枚鸡蛋样品中分离到38株屎肠球菌,分离率为19%;分离到的屎肠球菌对14种抗生素表现出不同程度的耐药性,耐药谱广,最多发现8重耐药菌;在5株耐万古霉素的菌株中检测到了vanA基因。说明新鲜鸡蛋蛋壳表面的屎肠球菌对抗生素耐受性较高,对屎肠球菌特别是耐万古霉素屎肠球菌的监测具有公共健康意义,需要进一步调查以评估食源性传播给人类带来的风险。     

鲤鱼肠黏膜益生乳酸菌的分离及药敏试验

从鲤鱼肠黏膜上分离筛选出一株乳酸菌菌株YL-1,其对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑制作用,经初步鉴定为粪肠球菌。通过药敏试验证明,YL-1对部分抗生素具有耐药性。     

武汉市马源肠球菌的耐药性分析

肠球菌(Enterococci)作为条件性致病菌广泛存在于人和动物中,其耐药性和致病性随地区和动物来源的不同而变化。据现有数据显示,关于武汉市马源肠球菌的耐药性研究相当匮乏。以武汉市2个马术俱乐部42匹温血马为主要研究对象,分别对马匹粪便进行样品搜集并进行耐药研究(氨苄西林,四环素,庆大霉素,头孢氨苄,恩诺沙星,氯霉素,诺氟沙星,红霉素,万古霉素、林可霉素等)。结果显示,从42份样本中分离出10株粪肠球菌,分离率为23.8%;药敏试验结果显示,分离株中有6株为庆大霉素耐药,6株为头孢类抗生素耐药,2株为庆大霉素和头孢类抗生素混合耐药,其他药物未产生耐药性。结果表明该俱乐部马源肠球菌已对庆大霉素和头孢类抗生素产生严重耐药性,试验为该马术俱乐部用药提供了理论依据。     

犬粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了鉴定从拉萨市病犬的粪便中分离出的一株细菌的种属及耐药性,试验采用了革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA PCR扩增和序列比对及药敏试验的方法对该菌株进行了研究。结果表明:该分离菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,经16S rRNA PCR鉴定为粪肠球菌,仅对多黏菌素B和利奈唑胺表现高度敏感,对其他28种抗生素均表现耐药。说明从犬中分离出的粪肠球菌对多种抗生素都具有极高的耐药性。     

五种动物源肠球菌耐药性监测

为了解不同动物源肠球菌耐药性,试验选用10种常用抗生素,采用统一材料、方法(KB法)和判断标准[美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)2007年版]对从5种不同动物源(人、狗、鸡、牛、猪)粪便中分离得到的肠球菌进行耐药性检测。结果表明:共分离得到肠球菌646株,包括人源肠球菌146株、狗源肠球菌138株、鸡源肠球菌128株、牛源肠球菌111株、猪源肠球菌123株;各动物源肠球菌对四环素和利福平耐受性偏高,对青霉素G、万古霉素和高浓度庆大霉素耐受性偏低,其中耐万古霉素肠球菌47株,平均耐药率为7%;各动物源肠球菌的耐药性表现为鸡源肠球菌最强,猪源肠球菌、狗源肠球菌、人源肠球菌次之,牛源肠球菌最低。说明滥用抗生素已造成人和畜禽动物肠球菌较为普遍的耐药,应引起临床及畜禽业高度重视。     

致雏鸡脑炎粪肠球菌分离鉴定与遗传进化分析

为鉴定致雏鸡脑炎的病原菌的生物学特征、致病性和耐药性,本研究从黑龙江哈尔滨某孵化场的发病雏鸡中分离得到一株病原菌,经过分离、形态学观察,生化鉴定以及16 S rDNA序列测定分析,并接种小鼠、雏鸡试验测定致病性,药敏纸片法测定对20种抗生素的敏感性。结果表明:该分离株为粪肠球菌,对小鼠、雏鸡均致病,并且该菌株的耐药性较强,对链霉素、头孢唑林钠等14种抗生素耐受。     

兰州地区部分奶牛场子宫内膜炎病原菌分离鉴定及抗生素耐药性研究简

为了探明兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌区系分布及抗生素耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。笔者对从兰州地区3个规模化奶牛场采集的47份奶牛子宫内膜炎样品进行了细菌分离鉴定,同时对分离鉴定出的4种主要病原菌采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）进行了抗生素耐药性检测。病原菌区系分布结果表明,引起兰州地区奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌主要为化脓隐秘杆菌（37.1%）、大肠杆菌（24.2%）、屎肠球菌（22.6%）和无乳链球菌（16.1%）。抗生素耐药性结果表明,4种主要病原菌对大部分抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,尤其是对青霉素、复方新诺明、奥复星和杆菌肽耐药性最为严重,其耐药率为60%～100%。对4种病原菌均较敏感的药物主要有头孢他啶、先锋霉素V和氟苯尼考,其敏感度达100%。     

石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源肠球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源肠球菌的分布情况及耐药性,采集石河子地区乳房炎奶牛奶样进行肠球菌的分离,通过生化特性鉴定和16S rRNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,选用19种抗菌药物对肠球菌进行了耐药性试验。结果表明:从患乳房炎奶牛的乳样中分离出10株肠球菌;通过生化特性鉴定和16S rRNA通用引物进行保守区PCR扩增后测序确定其中有4株是屎肠球菌,6株是粪肠球菌;分离菌株对杆菌肽、新霉素、青霉素、头孢氨苄和卡那霉素基本全部耐药,对氯霉素、氟苯尼考和恩诺沙星相对敏感,两种肠球菌中未发现万古霉素耐药株。     

北京地区四个规模化猪场的猪链球菌病流行病学调查

本试验从北京地区四个规模化猪场的74头疑似猪链球菌病的仔猪组织中分离培养获得56株猪源链球菌,并进行了API 20 Strep生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列比对和药敏试验。试验结果表明:56株猪源链球菌分别属于粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、鸟链球菌、马链球菌兽疫亚种、豕链球菌和猪链球菌,其中以兰氏D群粪肠球菌为主(23/56,41.07%),其次为兰氏C群马链球菌兽疫亚种(14/56,25.00%);对10种临床常用抗生素均产生了耐药性,耐药比例从12.50%至92.86%不等,对红霉素的耐药比例最高(52/56,92.86%),对新霉素的耐药比例最低(7/56,12.50%),且多重耐药性现象极为严峻。     

微生物制剂源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

粪肠球菌是国家允许使用的微生态制剂菌种,但其特殊的耐药性一直饱受争议,为了解市售的两种微生物制剂中粪肠球菌的耐药性,采用常规微生物学方法结合肠球菌属tuf基因的PCR扩增方法分离鉴定粪肠球菌;同时采用Kirby-Baller(K-B)琼脂扩散法检测粪肠球菌分离株对9种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明:共分离鉴定出2株粪肠球菌;2株分离菌均对阿莫西林、青霉素、链霉素和四环素耐药,对环丙沙星、呋喃妥因、红霉素、氨苄西林和万古霉素敏感。说明在动物中饲用粪肠球菌类微生物制剂时需要谨慎小心,以免粪肠球菌的耐药性通过各种途径在动物和人之间传递。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。