棉花品种的抗虫性利用研究

本试验对华棉１０１的抗虫性利用和治虫方式进行了研究，结果表明：在虫害较轻时可以不用化学治虫；在虫害严重时有必要进行化学防治，并可选择农药喷雾和开沟深施相结合的方法效果更好。     

病虫兼治新药“蚜粉克星”在大麦上的应用研究

１９９８－１９９９年田间试验表明，蚜粉克星对大麦纹枯病、白粉病、麦圆蛛及穗蚜具有良好的防治效果，一般用１１％蚜粉克星ＥＣ１２００￣１５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２对纹枯病的防效比５％井冈霉素水剂３７５０ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２略低；对白粉病的防铲与粉锈宁相当；对麦圆蜘蛛和穗蚜的防铲与４０％氧化乐果１１２５ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２相当，蚜粉克星具有持持效期长及一药多治的特点。３月５日前后用药，防治大麦纹枯病兼治麦圆蜘蛛；４月１８     

甜菜夜蛾的发生规律及防治对策

经室内饲养和室外调查观察，初步摸清了甜莱夜蛾的发生规律和防治对策。甜菜夜娥在我市一年发生5代，7～8月危害棉花，以第3代为主，幼虫共5龄，2龄前群集危害，3龄后分散危害，并危害加重，抗药性增强成虫表现昼伏夜出，趋光性强，趋化性较弱。防治策略抓住2龄前的适期防治，狠治第3代，兼治其他代。防治方法以化学药剂防治为主；并结合灯光诱杀；以及做好灌溉或中耕等农业措施。     

四川苦丁茶资源及种子和扦插繁育技术

我国有近20种植物在不同地区作苦丁茶使用，其中包括木犀、蔷薇、冬青、藤黄、紫草等科，各地作苦丁茶使用的植物不同，但多数地区主要以木犀科女贞属中的不同种作苦丁茶使用。据《浙江药用植物志》载：“苦丁茶主治风热头痛、目赤肿痛、鼻炎、口腔炎；外治乳腺炎初期，烫伤、黄水疮、骨折肿痛”。同时，《四川药品标准》载：“苦丁茶有祛痰、镇咳、平喘、消炎作用，用于治疼慢性支气管炎，对冠心病，高血压患者也有辅助治疗作用”。     

麦田套种紧凑型夏玉米高产配套栽培技术

根据近年来的小区试验和潍坊市麦套紧凑型夏玉米单产10500－11250kg/hm^2的生产实践，总结出了提高麦田套种紧凑型夏玉米创高产的13项关键配套栽培技术：即增加有机肥用量；足墒匀墒播种；确保一次播种保全苗；合理增株，充分发挥群体的增产优势；预防大小苗，提高苗期田间整齐度；苗期早管，促苗早发培育壮苗；重施孕穗肥，为高产奠定基础；防虫治虫，为玉米创造良好生育环境；及时中耕松土，提高土壤的通透性；及时去雄，改变养分分配方向补施攻粒肥，促穗大增粒重；及时灌溉，满足生理用水；适当晚收，增加光合积累等配套栽培技术，从而显著地提高了夏玉米产量。     

种衣剂在甜菜上的应用试验初报

种衣剂在甜菜上的应用试验初报郝铠，周积兵（甘肃省张掖地区农科所）种衣剂是近年来在国内发展起来的新型种子处理剂，具有简单、易行、投资少、效益高等优点。据报道，呋喃丹种衣剂对甜菜象甲具有良好的防治效果，且可兼治甜菜黑脚病；北京农业大学研制的种衣剂，可使甜...     

麦田套种紧凑型玉米应掌握的五项关键技术

本文根据1993～1994年的小区试验和潍坊市麦套紧凑型夏玉米大面积单产8250～1125kg/hm²的高产实践，总结出了麦田套种紧凑型夏玉米应掌握的五项关键技术．即合理增株，扩大群体；苗期早管，促进幼苗均衡生长；增加肥料投入，合理运用肥水；防虫治虫，为玉米创造良好的生育环境；适当晚收，提高单位面积产量等。试验与生产实践表明，运用上述五项关键技术措施，可使紧凑型夏玉米增产25.38%～32.57%。     

不同类型棉田棉铃虫及其优势天敌种群动态研究初报

本文比较研究了北方棉区平作和麦套春棉治虫与不治虫共四种类型棉田的棉铃虫及其优势天敌的种群动态。结果表明，二代棉铃虫发生期平作春棉的始卵期较麦套春棉提早３～５ｄ，四代棉铃虫发生期后者的终卵期较前者推迟１０～１５ｄ；与常规治虫相比，平作春棉和麦套春杯不治虫的百株累计总卵量分别增加了１５１．４％和１６０．７％，百株累计总幼虫量则分别增加了２０５．１％和２８０．８％。与常规治虫相比，平作春棉不治虫二、三、四代棉铃虫卵及幼虫的平均寄生率分别增加了２００．０％、１１０．０％和６７５．０％及１４８．０％、２４７．５％和８．５％，麦套春棉则增加了３６，１％，３８．９％和９５．８％及６４．４％、３６９．０％和３１．６％；无论哪种类型的棉田，棉铃虫优势捕食性天敌的百株累计量均呈逐代上升的趋势。     

稻田养鱼施用农药肥料有讲究

（一）农药的施用养鱼稻田应该选用高效低毒的农药。养鱼稻田对鱼类安全的常用农药有：防治稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、蓟马、粘虫，可用乙酸甲胺磷，每公顷用药量750～1500克；防治稻飞虱、叶蝉、蓟马，可用乐果，每公顷稻田用量750克，对水90～112公斤喷雾；防治蝗虫、稻纵卷叶螟等可用25％杀虫双水剂1：500倍溶液喷雾，或用25％杀虫眯水剂1500克，对水1125公斤喷雾；防治稻叶蝉和稻飞虱可用2％叶蝉散粉剂，每公顷用30公斤，并可兼治蓟马和蚂蟥。井冈霉素，具有高效低毒的特点，对防治纹枯病效果好，对鱼虾无害。敌枯双、叶枯净、稻瘟净、退菌特…     

兰岭茶厂生态调控茶园害虫——天敌种群数量消长调查分析

选择二处连续三年不喷化学农药治虫、防病除草的良种(福云6号)茶园，系统地调查食蚜瓢虫与茶蚜；茶园蜘蛛与假眼小绿叶蝉；害虫天敌总量与害虫总量的消长，分析了害虫与天敌的数量消长关系。提出了生态调控园的防治重点在上半年。探讨了茶园不喷化学农药配合修剪，扩大树冠，改变生态环境，勤采、勤查，抓住少、小为害初期，采用多种非化学药物防治的有效措施，对病、虫、草实行生态调控的必要性和可行性。     

Evapotranspiration,irrigation water requirement,and water productivity of rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.) in the Sahelian environment

Rice is the main crop produced in the Senegal River Valley under the semiarid Sahelian climate where water resource management is critical for the resource use sustainability. However, very limited data exit on rice water use and irrigation water requirement in this water scarcity environment under climate change conditions. Understanding crop water requirements is essential for better irrigation practices, scheduling and efficient use of water. The objectives of this study were to estimate crop water use and irrigation water requirement of rice in the Senegal River Valley at Fanaye. Field experiments were conducted during the 2013 hot and dry season and wet season, and 2014 hot and dry season and wet seasons. Three nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied to rice variety Sahel 108: 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha^?1. Rice water use was estimated by the two-step approach. Results indicated that crop actual evapotranspiration (ETa) varied from 632 to 929 mm with the highest ETa obtained during the hot and dry seasons. Irrigation water requirement varied from 863 to 1198 mm per season. Rice grain yield was function of the growing season and varied from 4.1 to 10.7 tons ha^?1 and increased with nitrogen fertilizer rate. Rice water use efficiency relative to ETa and irrigation requirements increased with nitrogen fertilizer rate while rice nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer rates. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for rice water use and irrigation water requirement for the irrigation design projects, consultants, universities, producers, and other operators within rice value chain in the Senegal River Valley.     

香米品质与微量元素含量特征关系的研究

采用“江永香稻”与、香稻80－66”两个香稻品种，在香稻产地与非产地同时进行大田试验，对其稻米、灌溉水与土壤中的11种微量元素含量与稻米品质各项指标进行了分析。结果表明：不同产地同一品种稻米品质与不同品种稻米品质存在明显差异；江永香米的Zn,Mn,Cr含量均比普通稻米及香稻80－66的含量高，香稻80－66香米中Zn含量也较普通稻米高。香米产地香米香味长期不退化，可能与灌溉水中Zn元素含量较高有关。     

Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour

Rice flour is a starchy material with low-cost, because it can be produced from rice that is broken during processing. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour, and to characterize their physicochemical, microscopic and mechanical properties. Films from rice starch and rice flour were prepared by casting, with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizer. SEM analysis of starch and flour films revealed compact structures. Rice flour films prepared in the present work have similar mechanical properties to those of starch based films. However, their water vapor permeabilities are two times higher than those of starch based films. Films with sorbitol were less permeable to water and more rigid, while films with glycerol are more plasticized and have poorer water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, preparing edible films from rice flour is a new alternative for using this raw material, which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches.     

水稻节水栽培研究进展

总结了国内外水稻耐旱品种选育、水稻节水灌溉技术、覆盖旱作技术以及稻田土壤耕作技术等主要水稻节水栽培技术,并对水稻节水栽培技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

Physicohemical basis for the preferential uses of certain rice varieties

Rice varieties such as IR-20, Ponni, Bhavani and IR-50 that are preferred for cooking showed larger surface area, higher water uptake at 96°C, greater cooked volume, soft gel consistency and greater elongation ratio. Rice varieties which are exclusively used for makingidli anddosai exhibited lower protein content, medium alkali score and higher percentage of total as well as soluble starch and amylopectin. Rice varieties which are used for making flakes showed hard gel consistency, higher alkali digestibility values, lower soluble amylose content and relatively higher amount of hot water-soluble reducing sugars. Varieties used for making puffed rice do not show any specific characteristics to differentiate them from the above types. All the rice varieties studied belong to the high amylose group except ASD-1 which belongs to the medium amylose group.     

主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响

水稻是耗水第一大作物。发展节水栽培对稻田水分高效利用和缓解我国水资源短缺具有重要意义。水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要器官，也是多种激素、氨基酸和有机酸合成的重要部位。水分管理措施的改变会直接或间接引起根系生长发育发生改变，从而影响水稻地上部生长发育和产量形成。本文综述了干湿交替灌溉、控制灌溉和覆盖旱种对水稻根系形态和生理特性的影响，提出了今后节水灌溉下水稻根系的研究重点，以期为改善水稻根系形态生理和高产节水栽培提供理论依据。     

主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响

水稻是耗水第一大作物。发展节水栽培对稻田水分高效利用和缓解我国水资源短缺具有重要意义。水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要器官,也是多种激素、氨基酸和有机酸合成的重要部位。水分管理措施的改变会直接或间接引起根系生长发育发生改变,从而影响水稻地上部生长发育和产量形成。本文综述了干湿交替灌溉、控制灌溉和覆盖旱种对水稻根系形态和生理特性的影响,提出了今后节水灌溉下水稻根系的研究重点,以期为改善水稻根系形态生理和高产节水栽培提供理论依据。     

Chemical, Sensorial and Rheological Properties of a New Organic Rice Bran Beverage

Rice bran is a solid residue from rice polishing that is used in animal nutrition and rice oil production. Cultivation conditions with agro-toxics, lipids instability, and tendency for mycotoxin contamination restrict its application in human nutrition. Therefore, organic agriculture is an alternative to use the properties of rice bran. Rice bran beverage is a new cereal product from organic rice. This work presents the preliminary results of the chemical and rheological studies of a bath pasteurized rice bran beverage. Compared with integral defatted milk, soy extracts, and brown rice low-fat milk, the rice bran beverage studied in this work presents itself as an important source of minerals and unsaturated lipids. All essential amino acids were found in this product. Glutamic and aspartic acids were predominant. Bath pasteurization at boiling water temperature for 15 and 30 min was adequate for microbiological safety. Refrigeration storage for 20 days, evaluated by pH and acidity variations, was ideal for assessment of the beverage conservation time. The beverage viscosity was of the Newtonian standard behavior, and its viscosity during storage was not a good parameter to evaluate shelf life. Sensory preference tests showed positive perspectives for this new beverage.     

黑龙江省水稻品质分析及食味评分方程的建立

试验以黑龙江省44份水稻品种(系)为供试材料,比较了品种(系)间稻米品质的优劣,结果表明:黑龙江省水稻育种单位品质育种各有所长,今后黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所应当重视糙米率、精米率和整精米率等碾米品质的改良;黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所和绥化水稻研究所应当加强外观品质和食味品质的改良。另外,本文还分析了寒地水稻稻米品质之间的关系并建立了食味评分的回归方程。     

Meeting the challenges of global rice production

Rice is the second most widely grown cereal crop and the staple food for more than half the world's population. More than 3 billion people consume more than 100 kg of rice per year. Rice is cultivated on 155.5 million ha with an average growth rate of 0.39% a year, in the last 30 years. In the near future, the possibility for expanding areas under rice-based systems will remain very limited because of the scarcity of global water resources for agriculture, the expansion of urban and industrial sectors in Asia where land is already limited and the high costs of developing new lands that are suited for rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The average growth rate of rice yield was 3.68% per year in the early 1980s, but it has decreased to 0.74% per year in the late 1990s. Several factors may contribute to the decline of the area under cultivation and in yield growth. The most important of these factors are: limited returns as we approach the yield potential of the high yielding varieties, declining productivity in intensive rice production systems, pressures from abiotic and biotic stresses, low returns in developing countries, increasing production costs in industrialized countries, and increasing public concern for the protection of environmental resources. One of the most effective means of addressing the issues in rice cultivation and raising the average yields at the farm level is through research and subsequent dissemination of the resulting data. Rice science has made considerable progress. In the area of rice varietal improvement, recent advances in hybrid rice and the new rice for Africa (NERICA) are just two examples of the successful contributions of science to the development of rice. Research could also help reduce the gap between the potential yield obtained on experimental stations and the actual yield obtained in the fields. This could be possible by developing and promoting rice integrated crop management (RICM) systems for improving productivity and reducing the production cost per unit of output. The need for a sustainable increase in rice production affects everyone. The International Year of Rice provide us with a chance to improve food security, alleviate poverty and preserve the environment for the billions of people for whom Rice is Life. Nguu Van Nguyen About the Author. Nguu Van Nguyen earned his PhD in Agronomy in 1976 from the University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB). He has been serving for 2 years as Post-Doctoral Fellow, at the International Rice Research Institute and for other two as Assistant Professor at UPLB University. He has been working from 1980 to 1993 as agronomist at IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) and at Philippine Rice Research Institute. In 1991, he began his professional career at FAO, initially as rice agronomist, in West Africa, then as agricultural officer at Crop and Grassland Service. Since 2004 he is serving as Executive Secretary, International Rice Commission.

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Aldo Ferrero About the Author. Aldo Ferrero is at present Professor of “Weed Science”, “Agronomy” and “Crop Science” and head of the “Department of Agronomy, Forest and Land Management, University of Turin (Italy). He is coordinator of the rice FAO network “Medrice”, for Europe, Mediterranean, and Middle East countries. He possesses a wide experience in the field of the weed eco-biology and weed control in rice systems. He has been co-ordinator of European research projects funded by the European Union. He currently co-ordinates the project “EU-India Rice districts network promotion through agro-economical, cross cultural, and technical actions” (RICE-NET) aimed at studying agro-economical, cultural, and historical traits of the rice cultivation in the European and Indian rice districts, in order to improve socio-economical relationships between the two geographical areas. He is referee and member of the editorial board of several international journals.

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