宁夏水稻主要节水技术应用情况报告

介绍了宁夏水稻生产的现状，并重点阐述了宁夏稻区采用激光平地技术、水稻控灌技术、水稻催芽直播栽培技术、水稻直播幼苗旱长栽培技术等节水技术，促进水稻产业稳定，健康发展。     

宁夏水稻主要节水技术应用情况报告

介绍了宁夏水稻生产的现状,并重点阐述了宁夏稻区采用激光平地技术、水稻控灌技术、水稻催芽直播栽培技术、水稻直播幼苗旱长栽培技术等节水技术,促进水稻产业稳定,健康发展。     

辽宁省水稻栽培技术发展与展望

栽培技术是影响水稻产业发展的重要因素。本文简要综述了辽宁省水稻栽培技术的发展历程,包括育秧技术、移栽技术、节水稻作技术、施肥技术和稻田综合利用技术,探讨了目前辽宁省水稻栽培技术存在的问题与对策,并展望了辽宁未来稻作技术的发展方向。     

地膜覆盖技术在水稻节水灌溉中的应用

水稻本田地膜覆盖、打孔插秧、节水栽培技术试验研究表明:此项技术可使水稻生育进程提前,光能利用率提高。节水154m3/667m2,增产35kg/667m2,新增净效益23.2元/667m2;地膜覆盖技术在诸多节水栽培技术中具有明显的优势。     

盘锦稻区水稻晚育晚插节水栽培技术

盘锦稻区在水稻泡田插秧期和插后前期管理阶段降雨少,可能出现水稻生产用水难以保证的情况。阐述了水稻晚育晚插节水栽培技术的定义及其技术优势,从品种选择、培育壮秧、适时插秧、加强插后田间水肥管理与病虫害防治等方面总结介绍了水稻晚育晚插节水栽培技术要点,并探讨了该项技术需注意的几个问题。     

水稻节水栽培技术体系的形成与发展

主要从水稻节水栽培的技术原理、核心技术及重要技术创新、主要关键技术及其技术体系的形成与发展等方面,进行了较全面的论述。通过多年来采取不同学科、跨地区、多层次、联合攻关和潜心研究,在水稻栽培领域取得了突破性进展。研究结果与实践表明,水稻节水栽培是一项系统工程。1981年～2005年,农业科研院所和农业院校及农业技术推广部门通力合作,开展了全方位的水稻节水栽培技术试验研究,不断创新和吸取群众经验,在长达25年间,进行各项技术集成、组装与配套,建立了水稻高产节水栽培技术体系,彻底改变了传统的淹水栽培方式。经过不断深入开发和大面积应用推广,取得了巨大经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,是我国水稻栽培史上的一个里程碑。     

水稻旱育稀植节水无公害栽培技术

根据新形势下稻米市场的需求状况,以及唐山市推广水稻旱育稀植节水无公害栽培技术以后,水稻增产10.4%,农民收入提高15.2%的实际结果,提出了唐山地区水稻品种选择、育秧管理、化学除草,增施有机肥、科学施用化肥、节水灌溉及病虫防治等旱育稀植节水无公害栽培具体技术措施。     

地膜覆盖技术在水稻节水灌溉中的应用

水稻本田地膜覆盖、打孔插秧、节水栽培技术试验研究表明：此项中使水稻生育进程提前，光能利用率提高。节水154m^3/667m^3，增产35kg/667m^2，新增净效益23.2元／667m^2；地膜覆盖技术在诸多节水栽培技术中具有明显的优势。     

水稻栽培技术和节水技术将发生重大变革

最近,浙江大学通过鉴定的一项水稻覆膜旱作栽培技术,为干旱和半干旱地区大力发展水稻生产提供了一种可能。试验表明,采用合理的种植技术,覆膜旱作稻产量至少可与对照区持平,产量最高可达700多kg/667m2,与淹水对照区相比,增产辐度近15%。除能节水50%以上外,水稻覆膜旱作栽培技术还能大幅度降低农药、化肥、种子的施用,综合增效可达90～200元/667m2。有关专家指出,技术在研究思路上突破了水稻栽培和灌水方法的传统观念,孕育着水稻栽培技术和节水技术的重大变革。水稻栽培技术的一场革命——非织布育秧水稻非织布育苗技术,是一项省力、高产、优…     

水稻节水栽培技术探讨

水稻节水栽培技术可有效节约水资源,降低生产成本,对水稻生产具有重要意义。从选用耐旱高产品种、培育带蘖壮秧、免耕全旱整地、节水插秧、合理移植、科学施肥、节水灌溉、病虫草害防治等方面总结了适合辽阳地区的水稻节水栽培技术,以供参考,确保农业增效、农民增收。     

稻米香味物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉的形成及其影响因素

稻米香味的形成是一个复杂而多变的生理过程,遗传和环境变化对香味的形成都具有重要影响.香味的有无主要受香味基因BADH2控制,气候条件、土壤质地和栽培措施也会直接影响稻米香味物质的合成.为进一步加快香稻培育进程,提升香稻稻米品质,本文综述了近年来国内外有关稻米香味物质形成的遗传和生理机制以及环境因素对稻米香味形成的研究进...     

中国双季稻栽培技术研究进展

结合双季稻品种的变更,介绍了中国双季稻栽培技术的3个发展阶段,重点介绍了双季稻"三高一稳"栽培技术、"旺壮重"栽培技术、以抛秧和机插稻为主导的轻型栽培技术及"三定"栽培技术的原理、技术要点、研究进展,并根据当前中国水稻生产中存在的问题,提出了发展双季稻生产的建议。     

中国水稻栽培技术发展与展望

70年来,中国水稻生产取得巨大成就。根据水稻生产发展历程,将我国水稻生产分为波动阶段、快速增长、调整下降和恢复提高四个阶段。文章阐述了四个阶段的水稻生产及栽培技术特点;分析了单季稻和双季稻栽培技术的特点及发展现状。针对水稻生产发展面临的问题,展望了栽培技术的发展方向。     

Application of system dynamics approach for time varying water balance in aerobic paddy fields

Increasing water scarcity has necessitated the development of irrigated rice systems that require less water than the traditional flooded rice. The cultivation of aerobic rice is an effort to save water in response to growing worldwide water scarcity with the pressure to reduce water use and increase water productivity. An accurate estimation of different water balance components at the aerobic rice fields is essential to achieve effective use of limited water supplies. Some field water balance components, such as percolation, capillary rise and evapotranspiration, can not be easily measured; therefore a soil water balance model is required to develop and to test water management strategies. This paper presents results of a study to quantify time varying water balance under a critical soil water tension based irrigation criteria for the cultivation of non-ponded “aerobic rice” fields along the lower parts of the Yellow River. Based on the analysis and integration of existing field information on the hydrologic processes in an aerobic rice field, this paper outlines the general components of the water balance using a conceptual model approach. The time varying water balance is then analyzed using the feedback relations among the hydrologic processes in a commercial dynamic modeling environment, Vensim. The model simulates various water balance components such as actual evapotranspiration, deep percolation, surface runoff, and capillary rise in the aerobic rice field on a daily basis. The model parameters are validated with the observed experimental field data from the Huibei Irrigation Experiment Station, Kaifeng, China. The validated model is used to analyze irrigation application soil water tension trigger under wet, dry and average climate conditions using daily time steps. The scenario analysis show that to conserve scarce water resources during the average climate years the irrigation scheduling criteria can be set as −30 kPa average root zone soil water tension; whereas it can be set at −70 kPa during the dry years, however, the associated yields may reduce. Compared with the flooded lowland rice and other upland crops, with these two alternatives irrigation event triggers, aerobic rice cultivation can lead to significant water savings.     

水分胁迫对水稻生长的影响

通过不同时期、不同程度水分胁迫对水稻生态、生理、生化指标及生育状况影响进行试验研究,针对辽河中下游平原水稻生产,提出了不同湿润年的水分生产函数及相应的敏感指数;提出了非充分灌溉条件下的调优灌溉栽培技术。     

稻文化的再思考（8）：古今科技——耕作栽培：从面朝黄土背朝天到把舵铁牛耕种收

我国水稻栽培历史悠久,从原始的刀耕火种到利用工具造田再到逐步实现耕、种、收全程机械化,人们积累了丰富的生产经验,并不断总结和创新了栽培技术。文章概述了我国古今水稻主要生产环节的技术进步以及水稻栽培理论体系和种植制度的形成和发展,供人们概略了解水稻栽培技术方面的变迁。     

Tillering and Yield of Rice Cultivars under a Water Storage-Type Deep-Irrigation Regime

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the effects of water storage-type deep irrigation (WSDI) on the yields of various rice cultivars used in the Tohoku district of Japan. We compared a WSDI plot (DP) with a standard irrigation plot (SP) with regard to the growth, yield, and yield components of the rice cultivars grown in these plots during 4 years (2002–2005) in Sendai, Japan. In 2003, which had a cool summer, the yields in DP were considerably higher than those in SP, thus confirming that WSDI mitigated the cool summer-induced damage to rice. The yields in DP were not lower than those in SP during the other 3 years (normal climatic years), indicating that various cultivars could adapt to WSDI. Although high-yielding rice plants cultivated by well-experienced farmers under deep-water irrigation regimes have large panicles, the spikelet number per panicle and the yield in DP were not higher than those in SP. Based on the results of the comparison between the cultivation system of WSDI and that of high-yielding deep-water irrigation regimes practiced by such farmers, we speculated that to achieve a higher yield under WSDI, other cultivation techniques need to be incorporated into WSDI.     

Recent irrigation practices in the Upper East Bank of the Chao Phraya Delta

This study aims to investigate recent practices on water allocation and cultivation in the Upper East Bank of the Chao Phraya Delta in Thailand, by using data collected by RID local offices, questionnaires, and analyses of satellite images. As a result, we have identified the advantage that upstream areas of irrigation canals have enjoyed, namely the preferential water allocation over the downstream areas. This advantage was strongly associated with the intensive cropping patterns of rice: the upstream areas were estimated to conduct almost continuous rice cultivation throughout a year. In addition, the intensive rice cultivation would partly be supported by water from private shallow wells, which were mostly concentrated in the upstream areas of main canals. Those shallow wells would be used at the beginning of the dry season and in drought years, when farmers could not expect water supply from irrigation canals. The result indicated that the conjunctive use of surface and ground water would be practiced in this region.     

主要节水灌溉方式对水稻根系形态生理的影响

水稻是耗水第一大作物。发展节水栽培对稻田水分高效利用和缓解我国水资源短缺具有重要意义。水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要器官，也是多种激素、氨基酸和有机酸合成的重要部位。水分管理措施的改变会直接或间接引起根系生长发育发生改变，从而影响水稻地上部生长发育和产量形成。本文综述了干湿交替灌溉、控制灌溉和覆盖旱种对水稻根系形态和生理特性的影响，提出了今后节水灌溉下水稻根系的研究重点，以期为改善水稻根系形态生理和高产节水栽培提供理论依据。