2014年甘肃省畜间布鲁氏菌病监测及结果分析

为进一步了解甘肃省畜间布鲁氏菌病的流行范围和趋势,为未来布鲁氏菌病防控提供技术资料支撑,本研究采用抽样调查的方法,采集甘肃省不同地区黄牛、奶牛、羊、猪等易感动物血样685814份,进行畜间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查。结果显示,甘肃省2014年布鲁氏菌病共检牛97245头,检出阳性230头,阳性率0.24%;共检羊587148只,检出阳性7805只,阳性率1.33%;共检猪1421头,均为阴性。监测结果显示:甘肃省畜间布鲁氏菌病感染率呈现出明显的种间与区域的不均衡性,本试验的结果为有效推动全省布鲁氏菌病的防控提供了新的思路。     

甘肃省近十年羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

依据2005—2014年甘肃省羊布鲁氏菌病的血清学监测结果,发现近10年来甘肃省平均羊布鲁氏菌阳性率为1.12%,近5年的检出阳性数量呈直线上升趋势,且以散养户检出的数量最多;人间病例数量与畜间病例数量呈正相关。本文分析了甘肃省羊布鲁氏菌病阳性率快速上升的主要原因和发生的主要风险因素,并提出了防控建议。     

甘肃省永靖县奶牛布鲁氏菌病监测与病原分离鉴定

为查明甘肃省永靖县奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行情况、感染菌种和类型,2013—2017年对永靖县8月龄以上奶牛进行了布鲁氏菌病监测,对2016年检出的3份疑似感染布鲁氏菌奶牛的脾脏进行了病原分离与鉴定。结果显示:2013—2014年检测奶牛444头,未检出阳性;2015—2016年检测奶牛706头,检出阳性63头,个体阳性率为8.92%;3份脾脏样本均为布鲁氏菌PCR检测阳性,细菌分离培养15 d,只有1份生长菌落;将分离菌株用AMOS-PCR进行检测,获得流产布鲁氏菌特征的扩增条带,且分离菌株的omp25基因测序结果与流产布鲁氏菌高度吻合。本监测和细菌分离鉴定结果为该地布鲁氏菌病防控提供了技术支撑。     

河南省规模奶牛场布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查报告

笔者对河南省17个省辖市、3个直管县(市)的89个存栏量500头以上的规模奶牛场进行了布鲁氏菌病血清学检测。在被监测奶牛场随机抽检,采用虎红平板凝集试验初筛,阳性样品进行试管凝集试验复核。场群阳性率和个体阳性率分别为48.31%和7.01%。其中,布病免疫场场群阳性率为94.28%,个体阳性率为16.63%;非免疫场场群阳性率为18.52%,个体阳性率为2.54%。笔者按区域统计分析了奶牛布鲁氏菌病的发生现状,针对调查中发现的问题提出了针对性建议,为进一步做好奶牛布鲁氏菌病防控工作提供了参考。     

2017～2020年徐州地区部分奶牛场布鲁氏菌病监测

为了解江苏徐州市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的分布及流行趋势,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)初步筛选,试管凝集试验(SAT)进行复核的方法对徐州市辖区内主要奶牛养殖场群及部分散养户持续4年进行布鲁氏菌病的监测。累计监测244个奶牛场群,共计血清样品47666份。结果显示,布鲁氏菌病个体平均阳性率为0.13%;群体平均阳性率为2.87%。随着奶牛养殖呈逐年集约化发展,布鲁氏菌病的分布也逐步向少数重点场群呈集中趋势。     

山东省部分地区奶牛场布鲁氏菌病血清学调查

2016年5—12月,从山东省泰安市、枣庄市、菏泽市和青岛市等地区6个奶牛场的成母牛群中,随机采集血清1 736份,分别用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)、试管凝集试验(SAT)和间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)平行检测布鲁氏菌病血清抗体。结果显示:该6个奶牛群的布鲁氏菌病抗体总阳性率为11.12%;3种方法的阳性检出率各不相同,其中RBPT的阳性检出率为12.73%,SAT为11.12%,ELISA为11.75%;5个免疫牛场的布鲁氏菌病血清抗体检测均呈阳性,并且不同地区奶牛场之间的抗体阳性率差异较大,最高的为40.00%,最低的为8.93%;1个非免疫牛场的布鲁氏菌病血清抗体检测结果为阴性。检测结果提示:鉴于当前严重的布鲁氏菌病疫情形势,山东省的布鲁氏菌病防控压力加大;任何一种检测方法都有局限性,3种方法联合应用可有效降低出现假阳性和假阴性的概率;上述检测方法均无法区分免疫和感染,因此免疫给布鲁氏菌病的检测净化带来了极大困难。     

新疆昌吉市奶牛结核病、布鲁菌病的检测

从2001年—2005年,连续5年对新疆昌吉市奶牛的结核病、布鲁氏菌病进行检疫监测。结果显示,用布鲁氏菌病凝集试验共检验奶牛13 814头,其中布鲁氏菌病血清阳性150头,平均阳性率为1.08%,最高阳性率为1.46%(122/8 326);用结核病PPD皮内变态反应共检验奶牛12 278头,其中结核病阳性356头,平均阳性率2.9%(356/12278),最高阳性率7.4%(98/1 323)。根据试验结果制定了相应的防治对策。     

高原奶牛布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

为了解青海省民和县奶牛布鲁氏菌病的分布和流行情况,净化布鲁氏菌病,对来自12个乡镇的10308份奶牛血清采用试管凝集反应试验(SAT)进行了血清学检测,检出阳性血清23份,阳性率为0.223%,表明青海民和地区存在奶牛布鲁氏菌的感染。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病检测与防制

对青海省大通县石山、良教、桥头、景阳、长宁、青林、朔北等奶牛养殖比较集中乡镇的5007头奶牛进行了奶牛"布鲁氏菌病"的检测,共检测出"布鲁氏菌病"阳性奶牛41头,阳性率为0.82%,对检出的阳性奶牛及时进行了扑杀和无害化处理,并提出了防制措施。     

陕西省靖边县奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清学调查

为摸清靖边县奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行情况,2017年7—8月对该县全部存栏奶牛进行了布鲁氏菌病血清学调查。共采集98个奶牛养殖场户的1 227份血清样品,分别用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)、试管凝集试验(SAT)和竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(C-ELISA)3种血清学检测方法,对其进行布鲁氏菌血清抗体检测。结果显示:奶牛布鲁氏菌病群体阳性率为13.27%,个体阳性率为3.50%,其中散养户个体阳性率较高,为7.52%,远高于我国控制区标准,需重点加强防控。为探讨上述3种检测方法的一致性,对3种检测方法的检测结果进行了对比分析。结果显示:RBPT、SAT和C-ELISA 3种方法检测结果的一致率大于99%,Kappa值大于0.90,表明3种方法具有良好的一致性。因此,在奶牛布鲁氏菌病监测净化过程中,将3种血清学检测方法联合应用,能有效降低出现假阳性和假阴性的概率,准确识别野毒感染牛,从而减少阳性牛处理过程中的误杀和漏杀现象。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.