五味子果肉和种子精油的化学成分与生物活性对比研究（英文）

为明确五味子果肉和种子精油成分和生物活性的异同,通过气质联用仪对五味子果肉精油(PEO)和种子精油(SEO)进行成分分析,还对2种精油的抗肿瘤活性、抑菌活性和体外抗氧化活性等生物活性进行了对比研究。分析结果显示:从PEO和SEO中分别鉴定出55种和45种成分,质量分数分别占精油总量94.04%和93.39%。抗肿瘤活性显示:PEO和SEO对HeLa和BGC-823肿瘤细胞均具有较好的抗肿瘤活性(IC_(50)值为39.07～56.43 mg/L),但2种精油对A549细胞均不显示抗肿瘤活性。抑菌活性检测结果表明:PEO和SEO对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌等4种细菌生长均具有一定抑制作用,PEO的MIC值为245.00～504.33 mg/L,SEO的MIC值为495.00～1 004.68 mg/L。此外,实验结果还显示PEO较SEO有更好的体外抗氧化活性,其中PEO对DPPH·和ABTS~+·的IC_(50)值分别为3.15和2.31 g/L,SEO对DPPH·和ABTS~+·的IC_(50)值分别为5.43和10.11 g/L。     

马尾松树皮提取物抗肿瘤作用的研究

研究马尾松树皮提取物(MPBE)体外和体内的抗肿瘤作用。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色(MTT)法观察MPBE对人结肠腺癌细胞株LoVo的体外抑制作用,采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型考察MPBE对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用和艾氏腹水癌(EAC)小鼠的生命延长作用。结果表明:MPBE对Lo-Vo细胞的生长有较强的抑制作用,在质量浓度为500 mg/L时,MPBE对LoVo细胞作用24、48和72 h时的抑制率分别为19.83%、33.06%和58.15%;MPBE对小鼠S180肉瘤生长表现出明显的抑制作用,MPBE 50、100和200 mg/kg 3个剂量的抑瘤率分别为30.3%、37.8%和42.3%,MPBE达到200 mg/kg剂量时,反映免疫功能的胸腺指数和脾指数也明显增加;但MPBE对EAC腹水癌小鼠的生存时间没有明显的延长作用。     

桦木酮酸对人肝癌细胞及对动物移植性肿瘤H22细胞的影响

研究桦木酮酸体内、体外抗肿瘤作用,探讨桦木酮酸抗肿瘤作用机制.体内研究观察桦木酮酸对H22荷瘤小鼠生命延长率的影响,体外实验采用溴化四氮唑蓝(MTT)法观察桦木酮酸对人肝癌细胞(HepG-2)的抑制作用;电子显微镜观察桦木酮酸对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡现象并采用流式细胞仪检测其对肿瘤细胞周期的影响.结果表明桦木酮酸对小鼠腹水型肝癌H22有一定抑制作用,可显著延长H22荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,体外可抑制HepG-2的生长,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为110.77μmol/L,半数毒性浓度(TC50)为683.57μmol/L.说明桦木酮酸在体内、体外均表现出良好的肿瘤抑制作用.电子显微镜下可见肿瘤细胞体积明显变小,表面微绒毛脱失,细胞核固缩,细胞核内染色质形成固缩,核膜结构清晰,细胞器膜结构轻微改变.流式细胞仪检测结果发现:随剂量的增加,H22细胞S期和G2期的含量逐渐增多,故可推测桦木酮酸作用于细胞时,可把细胞阻滞于S期和G2期.说明桦木酮酸对肿瘤细胞的作用与促凋亡作用有关.     

银杏叶聚戊烯基磷酸酯体内外抗肿瘤的生物活性研究

研究了聚戊烯基磷酸酯(PPH)体外对肿瘤细胞和体内抗移植性肿瘤的抑制作用。从银杏叶中分离制备聚戊烯醇混合物(C75~C110),选择POC l3为磷酰化剂和三乙胺为碱性水解剂,经过磷酰化和水解二步反应,合成聚戊烯基磷酸单酯。以氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)为对照,体外肿瘤细胞株选择SGC-7901人胃癌、LoVo人结肠腺癌和Hela人宫颈癌;体内移植性肿瘤细胞株选择肝癌实体型(Heps)、肉瘤(S180)、艾氏癌实体(EC),用不同剂量的PPH进行抗肿瘤药效实验。结果表明,银杏叶PPH在高浓度下(0.4 g/L)作用72 h,对3种体外细胞株抑瘤率达到60%~80%;对Heps、S180和EC等移植性瘤株抑瘤率达到50%~65%。这说明银杏叶PPH具有明显的抑制肿瘤的生物活性。     

马缨丹提取物对黄胸散白蚁体内酶活性的影响

【目的】探究马缨丹氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯和石油醚萃取物对黄胸散白蚁体内纤维素酶系及解毒酶系活性的影响,初步探讨其作用机制。【方法】采用滤纸片带毒饲喂,测定处理不同时间点其对黄胸散白蚁体内3种纤维素酶[内切-β-1,4-葡萄糖酶(EG)、外切-β-1,4-葡萄糖酶(CBH)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)]和3种解毒酶[羧酸酯酶(Car E)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)]酶活性的影响。【结果】马缨丹氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯和石油醚萃取物在6~72 h对黄胸散白蚁体内6种酶活性的影响存在差异,主要表现为有一定的抑制作用。对3种纤维素酶活性的影响而言,氯仿提取物对EG酶活性无显著影响,但对CBH和BG酶有显著的抑制作用,尤其对CBH酶抑制作用较强,在72 h时抑制率最大,达17.61%;乙酸乙酯萃取物对3种酶均有抑制作用,对EG和BG酶活性抑制作用较强,在48 h时对EG的抑制率最大,为27.18%,在24 h时对BG酶活性抑制作用最大,为29.28%;石油醚萃取物对CBH酶活性无显著影响,但对其他2种酶抑制作用显著,对EG酶的抑制作用较强,在72 h时对此酶的抑制作用最大,为39.89%。对3种解毒酶活性影响而言,3种提取物对Car E酶的活性影响不大;对GSTs酶的影响主要在12~48 h,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制作用最强,36 h时抑制率最大,为39.54%;对FMO酶的抑制作用呈波动式变化,其中以12 h、36 h抑制作用较强。【结论】马缨丹氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯和石油醚萃取物能抑制黄胸散白蚁体内的纤维素酶和解毒酶,扰乱其正常的生理代谢功能。     

大叶冬青叶抗肿瘤活性初步研究

用MTT法对大叶冬青叶不同提取物和挥发油抗肿瘤活性的测定表明,大叶冬青提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.其中老叶乙醇提取物和鲜叶挥发油抗肿瘤活性最高,老叶乙醇提取物对胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的抑制率为62.40%,鲜叶挥发油对肺癌细胞株NCI-H460抑制率为93.33%.进一步实验表明大叶冬青挥发油对NCIH460(肺癌)细胞的IC50为42.86μg/mL.研究结果为大叶冬青叶保健、药用产品的开发提供了科学依据.     

哈茨木霉T28发酵液提取物对致病疫霉的抑菌作用及有效成分

采用直接提取法和分步提取法对哈茨木霉T28发酵液进行萃取,获得6种提取物;将各提取物对致病疫霉进行抑菌活性研究,并对具有最佳抑菌效果的提取物进行GC-MS分析.结果表明:采用分步提取法和乙酸乙酯为萃取液的提取物对致病疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊萌发、孢子囊释放游动孢子具有最佳的抑制效果,抑制率分别为67.06％,71.71％和76.25％;采用直接提取法获得的提取物抑制效果次之.2种方法的提取物中分别含有10个和15个组分,其中相同组分为2,5-二叔丁基酚、邻苯二甲酸二叔丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、十八碳酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸单(2-二乙基己基)酯,这些组分可能为对致病疫霉菌具有抑制作用的有效成分.     

侧柏心材活性成分的提取及其抑菌性能

研究侧柏心材不同部位及正己烷和二氯甲烷依次提取的心材活性成分对白腐菌、褐腐菌、黑曲霉菌的抑菌作用,并采用GC/MS联用技术对提取物中的活性成分进行鉴定和分析.结果表明:侧柏心材从髓心向边材根据年轮所划分的3个部位对3种真菌都具有较好的抑菌效果,并且靠近边材的2部分抑菌效果更明显些.气质联机技术对正己烷和二氯甲烷提取物分析鉴定表明:侧柏心材正己烷提取物中有14种化合物,大部分化合物属于萜烯类物质及其衍生物,最高含量化合物为罗汉柏烯(25.564%)和雪松醇(19.743%);侧柏心材二氯甲烷提取物中鉴定出24种化合物,最高含量化合物也为罗汉柏烯(15.429%).侧柏心材正己烷提取物对褐腐菌、白腐菌和黑曲霉菌第14 d时的抑菌圈直径分别为10.0,9.3和8.3 mm,大于二氯甲烷提取物抑菌圈直径(0,2.7和1.3mm),表明正己烷提取物对3种真菌的抑制生长作用明显优于二氯甲烷提取物的抑菌作用.     

绿木霉菌株T43对松烂皮病菌的抑制效果及其抑菌机理

通过对峙培养和非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌生长的抑制]作用,对引进绿木霉(Trichoderma virene)菌株T43及其抑菌活性物质对松树烂皮病菌(Cenangium ferruginosum)的抑制效果进行了研究;从菌株T43发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物对松树烂皮病菌的3种保护酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活力影响的角度,初步探讨了提取物对病原菌的抑菌机理.研究结果表明:对峙培养48 h后,菌株T43对松烂皮病菌相对抑制效果为1.00,72 h后菌株T43与病原菌形成明显的拮抗线,并抑制病原菌的生长.菌株T43乙酸乙酯提取物对病原菌株的室内生长抑制率为60.50％.菌株T43发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物对病原菌的3种保护酶具有明显的抑制作用.     

含羞草叶子提取物对常见农作物种子萌发生长的抑制作用

观察了含羞草叶子提取物对孟加拉常见农作物种子萌发生长的抑制作用.实验在27-30℃的室温和24小时的光照条件下进行.结果表明：不同浓度的含羞草叶子提取物明显影响所选的植物种子根,茎和侧根的延长和生长.生物学测定表明：高浓度（50%-100%）的提取物有较强的抑制作用.而低浓度 （10%-25%） 的提取物的抑制作用较弱.研究还显示,提取物对植物根和侧根的抑制作用比对种子萌发和茎的生长抑制作用更显著.     

The role of the phenethyl ester of caffeic acid (CAPE) in the inhibition of rat lung cyclooxygenase activity by propolis

In this study we investigated the effect of an ethanolic extract of propolis, with and without CAPE, and some of its components on cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. Propolis (0.00003-0.03%) significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited COX activity from lung homogenate of saline- or LPS-treated rats. Same results were obtained with CAPE (0.1-100 microM). COX activity from lung homogenate of saline- or LPS-treated rats was also inhibited by galangin (0.1-100 microM), although the inhibition induced by the lowest concentration was not significant. Caffeic, ferulic, cinnamic and chlorogenic acids and pinocembrin, (0.1-100 microM) did not affect COX activity. The inhibition curves showed that CAPE and propolis were equipotent inhibitors, whereas galangin was significantly (P<0.001) less potent than propolis and CAPE. In order to better investigate the role of CAPE, we tested the action of an ethanolic extract of propolis (0.00003-0.03%) without CAPE. This extract significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited COX activity from lung homogenate of saline- or LPS-treated rats, however, it resulted to be approximately 10 times less potent than the extract containing CAPE. The analysis of the inhibition curves of the extract with and without CAPE showed a significant (P<0.001) difference. These results suggest that both CAPE and galangin contribute to the overall activity of propolis, CAPE being more effective.     

The cytotoxic activities of cardiac glycosides from Streptocaulon juventas and the structure–activity relationships

A series of cardiac glycosides were isolated and identified from the anti-tumor fraction of the root of Streptocaulon juventas in previous studies. In the present research, the cytotoxic activities of the 43 cardiac glycosides on three cell lines, human lung A549 adenocarcinoma cell, large cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cell and normal human fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell, were evaluated in vitro. Most of the tested compounds showed potent inhibitory activities toward the three cell lines. Then, the structure–activity relationships were discussed in detail. It was indicated that hydroxyl and acetyl groups at C-16 increased the activity, whereas hydroxyl group at C-1 and C-5 can both increase and decrease the activity. Two glucosyl groups which were connected by C1′ → C6′ showed better inhibitory activity against cancer cell lines, while the C1′ → C4′ connection showed stronger inhibitory activity against the normal cell line. Also, this is the first report that the activities of these compounds exhibited different variation trends between A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines, which indicated that these compounds could selectively inhibit the cell growth. The results would lay a foundation for further research on new anti-tumor drug development.     

Antioxidant activity of propolis: role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin

Propolis, a natural product produced by the honeybee, has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. The extract contains amino acids, phenolic acids, phenolic acid esters, flavonoids, cinnamic acid, terpenes and caffeic acid. It possesses several biological activities such as antiinflammatory, immunostimulatory, antiviral and antibacterial. The exact mode of physiological or biochemical mechanisms responsible for the medical effects, however, is yet to be determined. In this work, we have investigated the antioxidant activity of a propolis extract deprived of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). In addition, the activity of CAPE and galangin was also examined. Propolis extract (with and without CAPE) and its active components showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging effect, a significant inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity, and an antilipoperoxidative capacity. Propolis extract with CAPE was more active than propolis extract without CAPE. CAPE, used alone, exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, higher than galangin. The experimental evidence, therefore, suggests that CAPE plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of propolis.     

青杨楔天牛防治技术的研究

该文对不同杨树品种间的抗性、不同林分的被害情况以及青杨楔天牛Saperda populnea的防治技术进行了研究。结果表明,不同杨树品种间的被害率存在明显差异,小黑杨、银中杨和小叶杨被害率较低,在青杨楔天牛幼虫期采用40%氧化乐果乳油、36%虫杀星乳油涂干或36%虫杀星点涂虫瘿,其校正死亡率分别为77.15%,47.32%和87.53%。利用吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷原粉和大力士10倍液涂抹2 a生杨树主干,其幼虫死亡率分别为84.59%,78.52%和77.82%。     

中金系列杨树的组培技术研究

中金系列杨树是杨柳科杨属白杨派植物,选择其腋芽（或顶芽）、嫩茎段、嫩叶片等为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导试验、不定芽分化试验、生根试验,筛选出了适合植株分化、生根的培养基成分;对生根试管苗进行移栽基质配比试验,确定组培苗最佳生长环境。总结出适合中金系列杨树组培的技术流程,保证了杨树的遗传稳定性,降低了培养成本,加快了培养速度。     

通过RNAi技术抑制杨树c3h基因表达提高糖转化效率

利用克隆得到的毛白杨c3h1基因构建其RNAi抑制表达载体,通过根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化银腺杨无性系84 K,Realtime PCR检测表明其转基因株系323、325和322中c3h1基因表达量较野生型植株分别下调89.04%、82.22%和68.38%;茎横切片组化染色和显微结构观察表明转基因植株木质部发育和木质素沉积方式发生了改变;木质素、纤维素含量测定及苯酚—硫酸法总糖含量与HPLC法可溶性总糖和单糖含量检测结果表明:转基因植株木质素含量平均降低23.00%,最高可达39.71%;酸前处理效率最高提高了41.39%;未经酸处理直接酶解的糖化效率是对照植株的2.34～2.72倍,322株系和323株系比对照植株经酸前处理后再酶解的糖化效率高出81.18%和375.53%。     

Temperature signals contribute to the timing of photoperiodic growth cessation and bud set in poplar

Bud set, the cornerstone delimiting the seasonal growth period in trees, is the dynamic net result of the often photoperiod-controlled growth cessation and the subsequent bud formation. Here, we show that in hybrid poplar, the critical day length for growth cessation and the duration of bud formation each vary with local climatic conditions in identical genotypes. The detailed dissection of bud set suggests temperature as one additional environmental factor that modifies the sensitivity to day-length signals at growth cessation and influences the duration of bud formation in poplar. The ability of perennial plants to integrate additional environmental signals with photoperiod signaling may add to short-term acclimatization to the predicted longer growing seasons in future climates.     

中美山杨组织培养芽分化影响因素研究

研究了影响山杨组织培养芽分化的各主要因素,包括繁殖材料的取材时间、外植体类型、取材部位、接种母树年龄、初始培养基和消毒剂等。同时,研究了在初始芽分化阶段各无性系的差异。通过研究优化了山杨组织初培养,为山杨组织培养成功和大量快速繁殖奠定了基础。     

The mechanism underlying overwintering death in poplar:the cumulative effect of effective freeze-thaw damage

We analyzed the relationships linking overwintering death and frost cracking to temperature and sunlight as well as the effects of low temperatures and freeze–thaw cycles on bud-burst rates,relative electrical conductivity,and phloem and cambial ultrastructures of poplar.Overwintering death rates of poplar were not correlated with negative accumulated temperature or winter minimum temperature.Freeze–thaw cycles caused more bud damage than constant exposure to low temperatures.Resistance to freeze–thaw cycles differed among clones,and the budburst rate decreased with increasing exposure to freeze–thaw cycles.Cold-resistant clones had the lowest relative electrical conductivity.Chloroplasts exhibited the fastest and the most obvious reaction to freeze–thaw damage,whereas a single freeze–thaw cycle caused little damage to cambium ultrastructure.Several such cycles resulted in damage to plasma membranes,severe damage to organelles,dehydration of cells and cell death.We conclude that overwintering death of poplar is mainly attributed to the accumulation of effective freeze–thaw damage beyond the limits of freeze–thaw resistance.     

Transgenic poplar with enhanced growth by introduction of the ugt and acb genes

The transgenic poplar (Populus tremula L.) was obtained by transfer of the ugt and acb genes via triparental mating, which was employed to deliver large fragments of TDNA as a cluster. Freshly harvested seeds of local poplar were placed on MS agar medium and plantlets were obtained. After 1 year of subcultivation, plantlets were infected with a transconjugant of triparental mating with target ugt and acb genes into axillary buds. The transformed sprouts so obtained were cut and subcultivated on agar medium with an addition of 0.6 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid as an auxin source. The transformed sprouts showed GUS activity and resistance to gentamycin and kanamycin. The integrity of the target ugt and acb genes into poplar genome was demonstrated via PCR and Southern blot hybridisation. The transgenic poplar plants revealed a higher growth energy, corresponding to a higher content of IAA as opposed to control plants. Both transgenic and non-transformed plants were potted into soil for outdoor acclimatisation and subsequently transferred to earth in beds. Growing outside during 3 years, the transgenic poplar demonstrated a higher growth rate with fast bud and branch development.