多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂防治人参锈腐病田间药效试验

多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂防治人参锈腐病在2012年进行了田间试验。试验表明:多菌灵50%可湿性粉剂对人参锈腐病有很好的防治效果,以有效成分1.25~5g/m2土壤处理的情况下对人参生长无不良影响,施药后的防治效果在70.54%~82.04%之间。     

几种杀菌剂对番茄晚疫病的防治效果

近年来晴隆县番茄晚疫病发生严重,2009年用50%真霜可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜灵锰锌可湿性粉剂、50%疫杀可湿性粉剂、72%霜脲锰锌可湿性粉剂、70%双工氟玛可湿性粉剂等5种药剂对番茄晚疫病进行了防治试验。方差分析结果表明,50%真霜可湿性粉剂对番茄晚疫病防效最好,对病叶的防治效果达到80.34%,对病果的防效达81.41%,其次是72%霜脲锰锌可湿性粉剂。因此,50%真霜可湿性粉剂可作为晴隆县防治番茄晚疫病的首选药剂。     

防治玉米顶腐病和黑粉病药剂筛选

采用10种杀菌剂对玉米顶腐病菌室内测定结果表明,80%多&;#8226;福&;#8226;福锌可湿性粉剂、70%多&;#8226;福可湿性粉剂、97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和98%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂抑菌效果最好,而且持效期较长。以97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和98%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂按3〖DK1〗∶1或4〖DK1〗∶1的比例进行复配,抑菌效果达到了其各自单用的抑菌效果。经安全性测定,用98%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂进行种子包衣在低温条件下对玉米出苗和苗期生长有一定影响,97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂则无影响。田间防治试验表明,97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂或97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂与98%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂复配对玉米顶腐病和瘤黑粉病均有一定防效。在玉米4～8叶和8～12叶期时,以97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂20 g+有机硅5 mL/666.7 m2和97%多菌灵可湿性粉剂25 g+98%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂5 g+有机硅7 mL/666.7 m2用量分别喷洒,对顶腐病的防治效果达90%左右,并可兼治瘤黑粉病,防治效果达70%左右。     

4种药剂防治西番莲茎基腐病药效试验初报

本试验采用茎基部包裹浇药法测定了4种药剂对西番莲茎基腐病的防治效果,试验结果:65%代森锌可湿性粉剂、80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂和1亿孢子/g木霉菌水分散粉剂150倍液这4种药剂施药后90d的防治效果分别为70.83%,62.5%,33.3%和20.83%;65%代森锌、80%多菌灵在病后防控西番莲茎基腐病的效果显著,值得在生产上推广使用。     

70%噻虫嗪可分散粉剂防治水稻白背飞虱试验

70%噻虫嗪可分散粉剂与对照药剂10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂防治水稻白背飞虱药效试验表明,70%噻虫嗪可分散粉剂对水稻白背飞虱有很好的防治效果。该药剂在试验剂量范围内对水稻生长安全,对其他有益生物未见影响,试验田未发现黑条矮缩病植株。     

几种药剂对草莓炭疽病的效果

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂、50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂、40%福美锌可湿性粉剂和70%代森联干悬浮剂4种药剂对草莓炭疽病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,4种药剂对菌丝生长的EC50的大小顺序为:50%咪鲜胺40%福美锌70%代森联48%波尔多液,50%咪鲜胺的EC50为6.24 mg/L。并选取毒力较好的50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂和40%福美锌可湿性粉剂进行了田间药效测定,48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂作为对照。试验发现:50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂在田间的效果最好,其800 mg/L处理在田间2次药后7 d的防效达到了80.26%,与对照药剂48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂间存在显著性差异。     

应用20%瘟曲克星防治水稻稻曲病

20 %瘟曲克星可湿性粉剂 ,又名 2 0 %三苯基乙酸锡可湿性粉剂 ,通用名 :ｆｅｎｔｉｎａｃｅｔａｔｅ,是一种防治水稻稻曲病的新农药。为了进一步明确该药防治水稻稻曲病的最佳剂量 ,以及对水稻生长的影响 ,我们在单季中稻上做了大田期应用试验。1　材料和方法供试药剂 :2 0 %瘟     

西藏八角莲炭疽病病原鉴定及室内药剂筛选

从西藏大学农牧学院药材基地的西藏八角莲叶片病斑上分离到1种炭疽病菌,根据病害症状特点、病原菌形态特征、培养性状和致病性测定等进行鉴定,结果表明:西藏八角莲炭疽病的病原菌为半知菌亚门,腔孢纲,黑盘孢目,刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)。药剂筛选试验结果表明,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有强烈抑制作用的药剂有80%福.福锌可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜灵可湿性粉剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、72%霜脲.锰锌可湿性粉剂,稀释倍数在2000倍时,对菌丝和孢子的抑制率均达90%以上。     

15%敌力脱乳油防治小麦黑胚病效果显著

近年来 ,小麦黑胚病在我国主要麦区发生严重 ,造成小麦籽粒黑胚 ,严重影响小麦品质 ,并降低出苗率。为防治小麦黑胚病 ,我们在小麦生长中、后期 ,对当地两个主栽小麦品种 4 5 89和 5 316进行了不同药剂防治试验。供试药剂有 2 5 %敌力脱乳油 (ｐｒｏｐｉｃｏｎａｚｏｌ)33ｍｌ/667ｍ2 ,瑞士诺华公司生产 ;15 %粉锈宁可湿性粉剂 70 ｇ/667ｍ2 ,江苏桥头农药厂生产 ;70 %代森锰锌可湿性粉剂 80 0倍液 ,江苏利民化工有限公司生产 ;70 %甲基托布津可湿性粉剂 70ｇ/667ｍ2 ,日本曹达株式会社生产 ;5 0 %多菌灵可湿性粉剂10 0 ｇ/667ｍ2 ,江苏吴县…     

七种药剂防治稻曲病试验研究

为筛选出防治稻曲病效果好、性价比高的农药品种,研究出适用于鄂东南防治稻曲病的药剂,通过田间试验,对常见的七种防治稻曲病药剂进行防效对比研究。试验表明,50%HB201可湿性粉剂防效最好,其它防效从强到弱的药剂依次为30%爱苗乳油、30%艾米乳油、43%好力克悬浮剂、20.67%万兴乳油、15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、20%井冈霉素可湿性粉剂。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.     

Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P arthenium hysterophorus

Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F ₃, F ₄ and F ₅, but not in F ₁ and F ₂ that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F ₁ and F ₂ in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.