156米蓄水后三峡水库支流童庄河河口段浮游植物群落的时空动态

2007年3月至12月按季节对童庄河河口段浮游植物进行调查,共采集到浮游植物133种,隶属于6门62属.不同季节的种类为34～88种,拟多甲藻为春夏季、隐藻为秋冬季主要优势种类,现存量的主要组成具有明显的季节变化,多样性指数从高至低依次为夏季、冬季、秋季和春季.上、中、下游断面之间,种类主要门类组成顺序不变.夏季上游断面密度和生物量、冬季上游断面生物量显著高于中游、下游断面.多样性指数自上游断面至下游断面,秋季依次小幅下降、冬季呈依次升高趋势.0～15 m现存量分布,春、冬季下降,夏、秋季为上升-下降分布.0 m或1 m最高、15 m最低.与156 m蓄水前同期相比,蓄水后种类增加了1.88倍,种类的主要门类组成没变.春季优势种类由3种减少到1种,秋季新出现了1种优势种类.现存量主要组成变得更单一,多样性指数下降了32.32%～85.52%.现存量的垂直分布基本不变.     

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.     

长江口渔场渔业生物群落结构的季节变化

利用2000～2002年在长江口渔场的底拖网调查资料,运用多样性指数和相似性指数,对该水域的渔业生物群落结构季节变化进行了研究。结果表明:该域的渔业生物群落以鱼类为主要生物类群,占有绝对优势;甲壳类和头足类为其次要组成部分,处于生态劣势。群落生物量以秋季最大,春季最小。渔业生物群落的丰度、多样性以及均匀度以春冬季较高,夏秋季较低,造成这种趋势的原因可能是与带鱼(Trichiurusjaponicus)和小黄鱼(Larimichthyspolyactis)的洄游有关。渔获物组成春冬季之间、夏秋季之间的相似性指数较高。     

Temporal variation of seasonality of egg production and the spawning biomass of Pacific anchovy, Engraulis japonicus, in the southern waters of Korea in 1983–1994

Embryonic mortality, egg production and the spawning stock biomass of Pacific anchovy, Engraulis japonicus , off Southern Korea during 1983–1994, and their biological response to oceanographic features in spring and summer, were analysed. The instantaneous mortality rate (IMR) of embryonic stages decreased in spring and increased in summer, with a range of 0.33–1.23 day^–1 in spring and 0.78–1.69 day^–1 in summer. Egg production in summer was three times that during spring and production was low in the late 1980s. Mean lengths of yolk-sac larvae and adult females were greater in spring than in summer, whereas spawning fraction and spawning stock ratio (spawning biomass:adult biomass) were lower in spring than summer. Estimated mean spawning stock biomass ranged from 141 × 10³ to 380 × 10³ MT in spring and from 221 × 10³ to 557 × 10³ MT in summer. Statistically, the seasonal and long-term trends of embryonic mortality, egg production and spawning stock biomass of Pacific anchovy can be explained largely by spring warming, summer cooling and by less abundant zooplankton in the late 1980s.     

Production of microalgal concentrates by flocculation and their assessment as aquaculture feeds

A novel technique was developed for the flocculation of marine microalgae commonly used in aquaculture. The process entailed an adjustment of pH of culture to between 10 and 10.6 using NaOH, followed by addition of a non-ionic polymer Magnafloc LT-25 to a final concentration of 0.5 mg L⁻¹. The ensuing flocculate was harvested, and neutralised giving a final concentration factor of between 200- and 800-fold. This process was successfully applied to harvest cells of Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. muelleri, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Attheya septentrionalis, Nitzschia closterium, Skeletonema sp., Tetraselmis suecica and Rhodomonas salina, with efficiencies ≥80%. The process was rapid, simple and inexpensive, and relatively cost neutral with increasing volume (cf. concentration by centrifugation). Harvested material was readily disaggregated to single cell suspensions by dilution in seawater and mild agitation. Microscopic examination of the cells showed them to be indistinguishable from corresponding non-flocculated cells. Chlorophyll analysis of concentrates prepared from cultures of ≤130 L showed minimal degradation after 2 weeks storage.

Concentrates of T. pseudonana prepared using pH-induced flocculation gave better growth of juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) than concentrates prepared by ferric flocculation, or centrifuged concentrates using a cream separator or laboratory centrifuge. In follow up experiments, concentrates prepared from 1000 L Chaetoceros muelleri cultures were effective as supplementary diets to improve the growth of juvenile C. gigas and the scallop Pecten fumatus reared under commercial conditions, though not as effective as the corresponding live algae. The experiments demonstrated a proof-of-concept for a commercial application of concentrates prepared by flocculation, especially for use at a remote nursery without on-site mass-algal culture facilities.     

荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区大型底栖藻类群落及其与环境因子的关系

2009年8月2010年8月间,每隔2个月对荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区投放3年后的2种人工鱼礁及自然礁石上附着的大型藻类进行潜水采样调查,分析藻类群落演替规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,采集到附着藻类共3门13种,其中红藻门(Rhodophyta)藻类的种类数最多(6种),褐藻门(Phaeophyta)藻类的平均生物量最大(92.724 g/m2)。人工鱼礁上附着的藻类群落渐趋成熟;夏秋季藻类种类数和生物量均高于春冬季。聚类分析和去趋势对应分析(DCA)表明,石块礁和自然礁石上藻类群落结构相似度(83.1%)较高,其生物量及群落多样性指数均高于混凝土礁体。主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,水温是影响藻类群落变化的最主要因子,对藻类群落变化的解释量达到47.6%。影响自然礁石上藻类群落变化的次要因子为N、P营养盐,而影响石块礁和混凝土礁体上藻类群落变化的次要因子为pH和溶解氧。     

东海近岸海域浮游动物群落时空分布

为探讨东海近岸海域浮游动物时空分布特征,根据2013年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和12月(冬季)东海近岸海域3个航次的浮游动物调查资料,分析了该海域春季、夏季和冬季浮游动物的种类组成、丰度与生物量、优势种季节变化及生态类群。结果显示,3个航次共鉴定浮游动物108种(含未定种),浮游幼体14类,隶属于7门15大类,其中桡足类和水母类的种类和数量占绝对优势,桡足类为最优势类群,共47种,占总种数的43.52%,水母类共19种,占总种数的17.59%。浮游动物种类季节变化较为明显,夏季种类显著高于春季和冬季。各季节浮游动物种类数目与纬度呈负相关。浮游动物平均丰度与平均生物量随季节变化较为明显,其中平均丰度与平均生物量冬季最低,平均生物量夏季最高,平均丰度春季最高。根据浮游动物对水文环境条件耐受性和生活海区的差异性将浮游动物群落分为6个生态类群:近岸低盐种、广温广盐种、高温高盐种、近岸暖温种、暖水种和大洋广布种。其中东海北部近岸海域春、冬季近岸低盐种和广温广盐种占绝对优势,夏季暖水性种群所占比例高;长江口及邻近水域暖水性种群在春、夏、冬三季中均占主导地位;东海中南部近岸海域春、冬季暖水性种群占绝对优势,但夏季高温高盐种、大洋广布种优势明显。各季节中华哲水蚤均为优势种,但其他优势种季节更替较明显,其中春、夏两季优势种更替率为90.9%,夏、秋两季为50%。     

河北昌黎近岸海域浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为更好地了解河北省昌黎地区近岸海域浮游动物的群落结构、丰度和生物量的分布特征及其与主要环境因子的关系,2016年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)分别进行了2个航次的调查采样,并监测了12种常规水质因子。结果表明,春、夏季航次共鉴定出浮游动物6类群31种(属),其中桡足类12种、浮游幼虫类10种、腔肠类6种、糠虾类1种、毛颚类1种、被囊类1种。春、夏季全区浮游动物丰度和生物量季节变化明显,春季浮游动物平均丰度和平均生物量(4 706个/m~3和138.2 mg/m~3)均高于夏季(4 239个/m~3和13.5 mg/m~3);春季优势种有双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)。夏季优势种有双壳类幼虫(Lamellibranchiata larva)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)。春、夏季均出现的优势种有2种,分别是小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)。夏季Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数(1.94和2.18)均高于春季(1.71和1.80);典范对应分析(CCA)表明,盐度、水温、硝酸盐和透明度是影响昌黎近岸海域浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子;与历史资料相比,昌黎近岸海域浮游动物丰度及生物量呈下降趋势,其优势种基本保持稳定。     

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid and chlorophyll a content in Isochrysis aff. galbana (clone T-Iso) cultured with a low cost alternative to the f/2 medium

Growth, proximate composition and chlorophyll a content was estimated in static cultures of Isochrysis aff. galbana (clone T-Iso) to compare the quality and quantity of the biomass produced with an agricultural fertilizer medium versus f/2 medium. Culture of microalgae was done with controlled temperature, air flux of 4.5 l min⁻¹, salinity of 33‰ and an irradiance of 110±3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Daily samples from the cultures were taken to estimate cellular density, proximate composition and chlorophyll a content during 7 days. Mean cellular density from samples with f/2 medium and with agricultural fertilizer were similar (no significance at P≤0.05), and mean growth rates of 0.62 and 0.61 doubling per day, respectively. Maximum similar values of protein content of 7.3 and 7.6 pg per cell were estimated on the 5th day in f/2 and agricultural fertilizer medium, respectively. Carbohydrate and lipid content decreased during the first 5 days corresponding to the exponential growth in both experiments. Higher content of carbohydrate (no significance at P≤0.05) was found in both media during the first 2 days, after 4 days the carbohydrates reduced three times theirs concentrations. Generally lipid contents in the cultures with agricultural fertilizer were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than f/2 medium. The chlorophyll a content increased exponentially during the culture, and its concentration was similar in both experiments. In conclusion, the cellular density and the biochemical constituents were similar when using either media. This fertilizer can be used in the production of I. galbana (T-Iso) employed in aquaculture.     

流沙湾浮游动物群落特征及与鱼贝养殖的关系

为了解流沙湾养殖活动对浮游动物群落的影响,于2015—2016年对流沙湾海区进行了夏(8月)、秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月)4个季度的浮游动物调查,分析了浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性。共记录浮游动物18大类119种、浮游幼体17种。浮游动物种类组成以桡足类(45种)和端足类(20种)为主,其次为毛颚类(15种)、水螅水母类(12种)、等足类(6种)等。十足目幼体(Decapod larvae)为春、夏两季的主要优势类群,亚强次真哲水蚤( Subeucalanus subcrassus)、微驼隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanus gracilis)为秋季主要优势种,夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans )为冬季主要优势种。年均浮游动物丰度和生物量分别为151.53个·m^-3 和73.48 mg·m^-3 。多维尺度分析(nMDS)结果表明,除春季外,流沙湾内湾浮游动物群落组成与外湾差异明显。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,溶解氧、磷酸盐、透明度、温度和硝酸盐等环境因子是影响浮游动物优势种分布的主要因素。在流沙湾海区,鱼类小网箱的养殖活动在夏秋两季对浮游动物群落组成和结构影响较大;贝类养殖区的浮游动物的丰度和生物量明显降低,但浮游动物群落组成及多样性与其它采样点差异不大。     

2008-2009年青堆子湾水质状况与富营养化水平

2008—2009年春、夏、秋、冬4个季节,对青堆子湾进行了水质调查。调查结果表明,青堆子湾海域各个季节的化学需氧量、无机氮、无机磷等含量均符合Ⅱ类海水水质标准,一般表现为夏、秋季含量高于春、冬季;青堆子湾海域春、夏、秋、冬季的氮、磷比值分别为35.5,169.7,22.3和77.9,均大于Redfield比值(16),水体大部分时间磷比较缺乏。利用现有的营养状态质量法对青堆子湾的富营养化水平现状进行了评价,结果显示青堆子湾春夏秋冬4个季节的营养状态质量指数分别为2.34、6.99、3.95、1.80,夏季和秋季呈现富营养化水平,但控制因子各不相同,夏季富营养化主要控制因子是叶绿素a,而秋季富营养化是化学需氧量、总氮、总磷及叶绿素a共同作用的结果。     

桑沟湾养殖海域营养盐时空分布特征及富营养化评价

根据2014年10月、2015年3月、5月和8月在桑沟湾养殖水域开展的海洋调查所获取的营养盐状况调查数据,分析了营养盐含量的季节变化和平面分布,并对该水域营养水平状况进行了评价.结果显示,该海域秋季溶解无机氮(DIN)含量明显高于其他三个季节.夏季NO2-N的平均含量最高,秋季NO3-N的平均含量最高,春季NH4-N的平均含量最高,冬季PO4-P的平均含量最高.与海水水质标准相比,各季节DIN总体水平均低于海水一类标准值,春季和夏季PO4-P总体水平低于海水一类标准值,秋季和冬季PO4-P总体水平则高于海水一类标准值.从平面分布看,春季DIN含量呈湾内低、湾外高的趋势,夏季和秋季呈湾内高、湾外低的趋势,冬季呈自湾内南部水域向北逐渐降低的趋势.春季和冬季PO4-P含量均呈自湾内中部水域向外逐渐下降的趋势,夏季呈自湾内中部水域向外逐渐上升的趋势;秋季则呈湾内高、湾外低的趋势.春季、夏季和冬季N/P比值均高于Redfield比值,无机磷相对缺乏,而秋季N/P比值与Redfield比值基本一致.根据潜在性富营养化评价模式,桑沟湾养殖海域四个季节的营养水平较低,均属贫营养水平.与20世纪八九十年代相比,桑沟湾浮游植物生长的主要限制性因素已由整体的氮限制转变为春、夏季磷限制为主.     

北部湾西北部近海鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究

根据2012年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)在北部湾西北部广西近海4个航次的渔业资源调查资料,进一步结合同步测定的水文情况,探讨北部湾西北部广西近海的鱼类资源分布特征和季节变化及其影响因素。调查结果表明,该调查海域共鉴定鱼类125种,鱼类资源质量密度夏季(402.46kg/km^2)>春季(343.22kg/km^2)>秋季(145.13kg/km^2)>冬季(53.99kg/km^2);尾数密度春季(84.34×10~3尾/km^2)>夏季(51.54×10~3尾/km^2)>秋季(26.53×10~3尾/km^2)>冬季(16.81×10~3尾/km^2);平均体长、体质量分别在春季和夏季最大,分别为7.15cm和7.65g;幼体比在夏季最高,为85.86%。从时间上看,春、夏季的鱼类资源密度大于秋、冬季,从空间上看,沿岸水域的资源密度大于近海水域,这与该水域各水团随季节变化的消长密切相关。依据相对重要性指数确定各季节的优势种,二长棘鲷是夏季最重要的优势种,同时也是春、夏、秋3季的共有优势种。通过贡献率β值可知,该区域鱼类总密度变化与主要优势种变化关系密切,且调查海域多为规格较小的幼鱼,其为北部湾渔场重要的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,对整个北部湾鱼类资源的补充具有重要的作用。     

Substitution of Chaetoceros muelleri by Spirulina platensis meal in diets for Litopenaeus schmitti larvae

The nutritional response of Litopenaeus schmitti larvae to substitution of Chaetoceros muelleri by Spirulina platensis meal (SPM) was evaluated. The substitution levels (S) were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, dry weight basis. Final larval length (FL) ranged from 1.98 to 3.16 mm for the different substitution levels. There was a significant relationship between S and FL, described by the following quadratic equation: FL = 2.853 + 0.01598S − 0.000233S². The substitution level (S) yielding maximum FL was 34.2%. Development index (DI) values ranged from 2.84 to 3.93 and were dependent on substitution level. The corresponding equation was DI = 3.799 + 0.00945S − 0.000189S² (P < 0.01). Maximum DI was obtained at 25.0% substitution. Survival was high (82–87%) and no significant differences were found between treatments. Protein digestibility of either microalgae was high, with 92% for SPM and 94% for C. muelleri, with no significant differences between them. The results in this study indicate that an adequate balance of nutrients in relation to the requirements of the species is critical. To simultaneously improve FL and DI, a 30% substitution of C. muelleri by SPM is suggested. This is equivalent to feeding 0.15 mg larvae^− 1 day^− 1 dry weight basis of a 70% C. muelleri/30% SPM diet, representing 0.078 mg protein larvae^− 1 day^− 1, 0.026 mg lipids larvae^− 1 day^− 1 and 2.732 J larvae^− 1 day^− 1.     

唐山湾海域渔业资源群落多样性分析

基于2012年5、8和10月对唐山湾海域进行底拖网渔业资源调查的资料,采用相对重要性指数、多样性指数及群落ABC曲线等分析方法,对3个季节渔业资源现状及群落多样性进行研究。结果显示:渔获物中共有海洋动物59种,其中鱼类27种,甲壳类17种,贝类7种,棘皮动物4种,头足类3种,多毛类1种;春季捕获35种渔获物,夏季36种,秋季37种;春季平均渔获率(质量)为3.50 kg/h,夏季为13.68 kg/h,秋季为16.99 kg/h。研究表明:(1)渔获率及其组成季节差异明显。在生物量上,春季以头足类为主,鱼类与甲壳类次之;夏季甲壳类为主,鱼类次之;秋季鱼类为主,甲壳类次之。(2)渔获率空间分布季节变化明显,春季浅水区较深水区渔获率高,夏季深水区较浅水区高。(3)优势种季节变化不明显。(4)春季H'高于夏、秋季,深水区总体高于近岸浅水区。(5)ABC曲线分析可知,群落受到严重干扰。     

岱衢洋鱼类资源及其群落多样性的季节变化

根据2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)与2011年冬季(2月)对岱衢洋进行的共4个航次的底拖网渔业资源调查资料, 对该海域的鱼类资源状况及其多样性进行了分析, 结果表明: 所捕获的38种鱼分别隶属于1门2纲8目21科31属; 暖温性鱼类无论在种类数量还是生物量与尾数密度方面均居主导地位; 凤鲚四季均为该海域的优势种; 在时间分布上, 生物量与资源尾数密度均以夏季为最高, 而冬季则恰好相反, 且该两季的生物量与资源尾数密度间均存在显著差异(P<0.05), 另外, 在空间分布上, 生物量与尾数密度四季总体上均呈北高南低、东高西低的趋势; 生物量与平均底层温度呈二次曲线相关(P<0.01); 春、秋两季的Margalef丰富度指数( D )、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数( H' )和Pielou均匀度指数( J' )均存在显著差异(P<0.05); 与东海近、外海海域鱼类群落的多样性比较, 岱衢洋的Shannon- Wiener多样性指数( H' )较低。     

海南西北部近岸海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

根据2016年11月至2017年8月4个季度的调查资料,采用冗余分析模型,分析报道了海南西北部近岸海域浮游动物的种类组成、丰度和生物量、群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,4个季度共鉴定浮游动物7门113属215种,种类数秋季最多(134种),丰度均值冬季最高(152.43 ind/m~3),生物量均值冬季最高(263.68 mg/m~3);浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量与水深、浮游植物丰度、透明度、表层水温、表层溶解氧和表层总氮显著相关(P0.05),其中水深是关键环境因子,其影响随季节变化而变化;生态类群具有一定的生态分化现象,春季、夏季热带暖水种占优,秋季、冬季近岸暖水种占优,各季节生态类群受控的环境因子各异。     

黄河陕西段浮游动物群落结构时空动态及与环境因子的关系

为了解黄河陕西段浮游动物群落结构时空动态及其与环境因子的关系,更好地进行水资源和水生态保护,于2013年7月至2014年5月在该河段设定了7个研究断面,对其浮游动物群落结构进行了4次调查,同时对15项水环境指标和同期浮游植物群落结构进行了监测和调查。结果显示,共检出浮游动物20种,其中原生动物4种,轮虫10种,枝角类3种,桡足类3种,夏季浮游动物种类数最多,为16种,冬季最少,仅有5种;浮游动物丰度和生物量变化范围分别为25～3 800个/L和0.00001～1.24 mg/L,春夏较大、秋冬较小,空间上整体呈现上游低、下游高的分布趋势;浮游动物优势种为小旋口虫(Spirostomum minus)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)和微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura);浮游动物Shannon-Wiener指数均值为0.65～0.83,Margalef指数为1.08～2.49,Pielou均匀度指数为0.39～0.60;7个断面的浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,影响浮游动物丰度的主要环境因子为化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、pH值和重金属铬(Cr)。     

微山湖浮游动物群落结构及水质评价

2010年4月至12月对微山湖水体中浮游动物进行了4次调查,共检出浮游动物77种,其中原生动物18种,轮虫45种,枝角类8种,桡足类6种。夏、秋季浮游动物物种数最多（48种）,春、冬季最少（43种）。春季浮游动物丰度最高（1.26×10^3ind.·L^-1）,夏季最低（0.47×10^3ind.·L^-1）,秋季和冬季分别为0.75×10^3ind.·L^-1和0.71×10^3ind.·L^-1。夏季浮游动物生物量最高（6.69mg·L^-1）,冬季最低（1.52mg·L^-1）,春季和秋季分别为2.41mg·L^-1和4.03mg·L^-1。浮游动物香农指数变化在1.74~2.15;均匀度指数变化在0.48~0.74。综合评价,微山湖为中营养型水体,应加强对湖区水质保护和合理开发。     

三都澳四个水产养殖点水质周年变化分析

2011年8月-2012年7月对三都澳四个水产养殖点的营养盐(N、P)、溶解氧(D0)、化学需氧量(COD)、pH值进行了分析,结果表明,无机溶解氮(DIN)组成结构在春、秋、冬季节中主要以NO3-N为主,其次为NH4-N和NO2-N.夏季营养盐结构,NO3-N所占比例明显减低,NO2-N所占比例超过NH4-N.营养盐NO3-N浓度的周年变化为:冬季＞秋季＞春季＞夏季;NO2-N的浓度为:夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季;NH4-N浓度:夏、秋偏低,春、冬较高;P04-P的浓度:冬季＞秋季＞夏季＞春季.水体中DO浓度的周年变化为:冬季=春季＞秋季=夏季.pH变化的周年变化为:春季＞冬季＞夏季＞秋季.三都澳四个养殖点周年属于中度营养状态.