河北昌黎近岸海域浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为更好地了解河北省昌黎地区近岸海域浮游动物的群落结构、丰度和生物量的分布特征及其与主要环境因子的关系,2016年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)分别进行了2个航次的调查采样,并监测了12种常规水质因子。结果表明,春、夏季航次共鉴定出浮游动物6类群31种(属),其中桡足类12种、浮游幼虫类10种、腔肠类6种、糠虾类1种、毛颚类1种、被囊类1种。春、夏季全区浮游动物丰度和生物量季节变化明显,春季浮游动物平均丰度和平均生物量(4 706个/m~3和138.2 mg/m~3)均高于夏季(4 239个/m~3和13.5 mg/m~3);春季优势种有双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)和小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)。夏季优势种有双壳类幼虫(Lamellibranchiata larva)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)。春、夏季均出现的优势种有2种,分别是小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和双毛纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)。夏季Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数(1.94和2.18)均高于春季(1.71和1.80);典范对应分析(CCA)表明,盐度、水温、硝酸盐和透明度是影响昌黎近岸海域浮游动物群落结构的主要环境因子;与历史资料相比,昌黎近岸海域浮游动物丰度及生物量呈下降趋势,其优势种基本保持稳定。

Zooplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Changli Coastal Region of Hebei Province

Changli Golden Coast Nature Reserve, located in eastern Hebei Province, is the primary habitat of amphioxi. It is a typical coastal region, suitable for studying coastal ocean dynamics and sea-land changes and providing important ecological, scientific and aesthetic services. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal dynamics of the zooplankton community in the Changli coastal region and explored the relationship between the zooplankton community, environmental conditions and fishery productivity. The study provides basic data for habitat conservation of amphioxi and scientific evidence for the rational development and utilization of coastal biological resources. In May (spring) and August (summer) of 2016, a zooplankton community investigation was conducted at 16 sampling sites (Sites 1-9 in the buffer area and Sites 10-16 in the core area) in the Changli coastal region, including species composition, abundance, biomass, diversity, and spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton. Twelve conventional environmental factors were determined simultaneously. A total of 31 zooplankton species, belonging to 6 taxonomic groups, were identified, including 12 Copepoda species, 10 pelagic larvae species, 6 Coelenterata species, 1 Mysidacea species, 1 Chaetognath species and 1 Tunicata species. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton varied significantly in spring and summer. The average abundance and biomass of zooplankton were higher in spring (4 706 ind/m3 and 138.2 mg/m3) than in summer (4 239 ind/m3 and 13.5 mg/m3). Spatially, zooplankton abundance and biomass in spring and winter were higher in the buffer area than in the core area. The dominant species in spring were Acartia bifilosa, Oithona similis, Centropages abdominali, and Paracalanus parvus. The dominant species in summer were Lamellibranchiata larva, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia bifilosa, and Sagitta crassa. Paracalanus parvus and Acartia bifilosa were dominant in spring and summer. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'') and Margalef richness index (D) were higher in summer (1.94 and 2.18, respectively) than in spring (1.71 and 1.80, respectively). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that salinity, temperature, nitrate and transparency were the primary environmental factors affecting zooplankton community structure. Finally, a comparison of our results with historical data showed that zooplankton abundance and biomass have declined in the Changli coastal region, but the dominant species have remained relatively stable.