环境富集材料对肉鸡福利指标的影响

【目的】探讨富集环境材料对肉鸡福利水平的影响。【方法】选择健康状况良好、体重为(368.18±1.03)g的600只22日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分在栖架、玩具、沙粒、栖架+玩具+沙粒的复合组及对照5个组中,每个处理3个重复,每个重复40只鸡。【结果】结果表明:增加栖架和玩具可更好的满足肉鸡日常行为需要,减少肉鸡恐惧感,改善羽毛质量和步态评分,促进骨骼发育,降低血液中H/L值。而提供沙粒对AA肉鸡的福利指标没有显著影响。【结论】增加栖架或玩具可在一定程度上改善AA肉鸡的福利水平。     

慢生型肉鸡更活跃

栖架能够改善鸡的福利。不过雏鸡很少利用栖架。栖架会诱发龙骨弯曲。这方面的研究目前寥寥无几，栖架利用的必要性还没有得到很好的阐明。在有关改善肉鸡福利的荷兰报告中曾建议对此进行深入研究。Ｓｐｅｌｄｅｒｈｏｌｔ研究所就不同肉鸡品种利用栖架的情况进行了一项研究。在研究中，除了测定鸡的栖息行为外，还对鸡的惊吓反应进行了记录，以便能够了解鸡在被捉时的灵敏程度。一、试验方案试验在四个分别带有气候控制系统的鸡舍中进行。这四个鸡舍均平均分成四小间，每个小间饲养５００只鸡。对四个品种进行了测试，其中三个品种为慢生型…     

刺五加多糖对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

试验研究刺五加多糖(ASP)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响.选取240只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只.对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,ASP低量组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+500 mg/kg ASP,ASP中量组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+1000 mg/kg ASP,ASP高量组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+20...     

复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利的影响

试验旨在探讨饲喂或鸡舍喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利状况的影响。选取健康、体重相近的1日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分在3个处理中,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,网上平养。处理1为对照组,饲喂玉米一豆粕基础日粮;处理2为饲喂组,在基础日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂200mg／kg;处理3为喷洒组,在鸡舍空气中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌喷剂。41日龄时对各处理肉鸡的福利状况进行评估。结果表明,饲喂组和喷洒组肉鸡试验期没有出现死亡,而对照组的死亡率为3％,各组间肉鸡死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05）;肉鸡羽毛清洁度与步态评分结果优劣次序为：喷洒组〉饲喂组〉对照组;饲喂或喷洒芽孢杆菌的肉鸡脚垫评分都优于对照组;从跗关节损伤度来看,各处理组评分结果优劣程度为：对照组优于喷洒组,喷洒组优于饲喂组。试验结果显示,在AA肉鸡日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂或在鸡舍中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂可以在一定程度上改善肉鸡的福利状况。     

慢生型肉鸡晚活跃

栖架能够改善鸡的福利。不过雏鸡很少利用栖架。栖架会诱发龙骨弯曲。这方而的研究目前寥寥无几，栖架利用的必要性还没有得到很好的阐明。在有关改善肉鸡福利的荷兰报告中曾建议对此进行深入研究。Spelderholt研究所就不同肉鸡品种利用栖架的情况进行了一项研究。在研究中，除了测定鸡的栖息行为外，还对鸡的惊吓反应进行了记录，以便能够了解鸡在被捉时的灵敏程度。     

日粮中添加肠杆菌肽对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选用1日龄健康AA+肉鸡5,000只随机分为两个处理组,即对照组和试验组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复500只,试验期42d。试验以商品肉鸡配合饲料肉为基础日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮中添加300mg/kg肠杆菌肽的饲粮。结果表明,试验组肉鸡在1~21日龄和1~42日龄阶段的病死率仅是对照组的22%和31%,与对照组相比,试验组在整个试验期(1~42日龄)的死亡率降低了69%。肉鸡日粮中添加肠杆菌肽可以增加AA+肉鸡出栏体重和平均日增重,降低病死率,提高饲料的转化率,提高动物的生产成绩,改善动物的生产性能,从而增加经济效益。     

丝兰提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、营养物质消化及肠绒毛形态的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加丝兰提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率及小肠绒毛形态的影响.本试验分为对照组和处理组,试验动物为512只商品AA肉鸡,对照组与处理组肉鸡共分为8个重复,每个重复32只.对照组肉鸡在试验期间(1～14 d和15～35 d)均饲喂基础日粮,处理组肉鸡在试验阶段饲喂基础日粮+200 mg/kg丝兰提取...     

菠萝提取物饲料添加剂对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

为了探讨菠萝提取物饲料添加剂对肉鸡免疫功能的影响,将270只AA肉鸡分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,研究不同浓度的菠萝提取物饲料添加剂对肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量和T淋巴细胞百分率的影响.结果证明菠萝提取物饲料添加剂够显著提高AA肉鸡血清内IgG、IgM、IgA的含量以及T淋巴细胞百分率(P<0.05).     

日粮添加α-酮戊二酸制剂对肉鸡肠道屏障功能的影响

文章旨在研究α-酮戊二酸（AKG）对肉鸡肠道屏障功能的影响,试验采取单因素试验设计,将192只健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为4组,对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、0.2% AKG制剂添加组、0.4% AKG制剂添加组、0.8% AKG制剂添加组。每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。试验期为42?d。结果显示,日粮添加AKG制剂能改善肉鸡小肠黏膜形态,提高肠道抗氧化能力,增强肉鸡肠道的屏障功能,从而提高其生长性能。 [关键词]α-酮戊二酸|肉鸡|肠道|屏障功能|影响     

音乐对缓解肉鸡热应激损伤的作用研究

为研究音乐对缓解肉鸡热应激损伤的作用,将400只21日龄罗斯308肉鸡随机分为4个处理(室温组、音乐组、热应激组、热应激+音乐组),每个处理5个重复,每个重复20只,试验期为21 d。试验结束,随机选择20只(每个重复1只)进行内脏器官指数、抗氧化酶活性和热休克蛋白表达分析。结果显示:音乐能帮助热应激肉鸡肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)维持正常,并能在一定程度上缓解热应激对肉鸡血液丙二醛含量、T-AOC活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响,且能改善热休克蛋白表达水平。结果表明,音乐可以在一定程度上改善环境高温对肉鸡生产的影响。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.