大通县羊弓形虫病的血清流行病学调查

为了解大通县羊弓形虫病流行情况,笔者于2016年11月-2017年3月,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法对采集自大通县的560份羊血清样品进行了血清学检测分析。结果显示,羊弓形虫病阳性数为3份,样品总体阳性率为0.54%;不同地区、不同年龄阶段羊群及不同性别间羊弓形虫抗体阳性率差异不显著。表明羊弓形虫感染在大通县存在,感染率较低,以散养户为主,规模养殖场未检出阳性血清,建议散养户应做好弓形虫病的防控工作。     

鹤壁市肉羊弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

弓形虫病是一类重要的人畜共患寄生虫病,可导致宿主出现神经症状和繁殖障碍等疾病,同时对养殖户和消费者健康造成巨大的威胁。为了掌握河南省鹤壁市肉羊弓形虫病流行情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对鹤壁市不同地区33个羊场随机采集的728份肉羊血清样品进行了弓形虫抗体检测。结果表明:13个羊场含有弓形虫病阳性羊只,场阳性率39.39%,共83份血清样品检测为阳性,总阳性率11.40%;舍饲羊群弓形虫病阳性率较放牧羊群低,分别为9.88%和15.09%;不同发育阶段羊群弓形虫病阳性率有较大差异,其中以成年母羊偏高,为16.21%,仔(幼)羊群最低,为4.61%。说明鹤壁市肉羊弓形虫病流行情况较为严峻,相关防控措施需要实施。     

河南省尧山白山羊弓形虫血清抗体检测分析

为了查明河南省平顶山市鲁山县尧山白山羊弓形虫病流行情况,应用间接血凝试验(IHA)检测方法,对平顶山市鲁山县6个乡镇24个羊养殖场共814份血清样品进行弓形虫抗体检测与分析。结果显示,被调查的6个乡镇羊弓形虫阳性率为3.61%～8.49%,平均阳性率为6.02%;羊弓形虫阳性率随羊年龄增长而呈上升趋势,其中以3岁以上羊群阳性率最高(9.22%),高于2-3岁羊群阳性率(7.04%)和1-2岁羊群阳性率(5.08%),0-1岁羊群最低,为4.02%;规模化羊场阳性率明显低于散养羊场,分别为3.34%和15.05%。表明该地区羊弓形虫病流行情况较为低,但增加了人类感染弓形虫病的风险,相关防控部门和羊场管理人员应该引起重视。     

民和县某一养殖合作社羊布病疫情应急处置

对来自青海省海东市民和县的244份牛羊血清样品(某合作社羊133份、牛7份,相邻散养户羊104份),采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验进行了布病特异性抗体检测。结果在合作社的血清样品中检出阳性25份,阳性率为18.8%,牛的血清样品中未检出;在散养户的血清样品中检出阳性1份,阳性率为0.96%。结合该羊场饲养员确诊已患布病,经综合分析后,认为该羊群存在布病感染,对检出的26只布病阳性羊进行了扑杀等无害化处理。     

高淳区山羊弓形虫病血清学调查与分析

为了解南京市高淳区山羊弓形虫病流行情况,采用弓形虫抗体ELISA检测试剂盒对该地区多个山羊养殖场的642份样品进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示:642份样品中,68份血清样品检测为阳性,总阳性率达10.59%;不同年龄阶段羊群弓形虫病阳性率有较大差异,成年羊的弓形虫病阳性率(14.49%)明显高于未成年羔羊(8.64%)。成年羊中,以配种公羊阳性率最高,达16.22%;哺乳母羊次之,为14.61%;妊娠与空怀母羊最低,为13.64%。羔羊中,以断奶母羔羊弓形虫阳性率最高,为9.30%,哺乳羔羊阳性率最低,为7.87%,但两者差异不显著(P0.05)。综上可知,南京市高淳区存在一定程度的山羊弓形虫感染,需采取相关防控措施。     

2019年广西柳州市羊布鲁氏菌病抗体监测与分析

为了解2019年广西柳州市羊布鲁氏菌病的流行情况,采集了该市各县区的90家规模养殖场与21家散养户的羊血清(分别为3074份和587份)进行血清学调查分析。检测结果表明,柳州市的3661份羊血清样品中存在2份为羊布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性,总体阳性率为0.05%,群体阳性率为0.9%(1/111)。规模养殖场的羊布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性率为0.00%(0/3074),群体阳性率为0.00%(0/90);散养户的羊布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性率为0.34%(2/587),群体阳性率为4.76%(1/21)。说明柳州市个别散养户的羊群中存在布鲁氏菌病,规模化养殖场的饲养管理工作与消毒防控工作做得比较好,需加强对散养户的防疫宣传及监测工作。     

松江区家禽弓形虫感染的血清学调查

应用间接血凝试验(IHA)对松江区13个镇(街道)的禽类养殖户及3个规模养鸡场的580份禽类血清进行了弓形虫感染抗体检测,共检出抗体阳性血清91份,总抗体阳性率为15.69%(其中鸡抗体阳性率为10.03%、鸭抗体阳性率为26.54%、鸽抗体阳性率为5.0%)。结果表明,松江区禽类养殖场(户)均存在不同程度的弓形虫感染,且散养鸡的阳性率明显高于规模场鸡,散养鸭的阳性率明显高于散养鸡。     

藏獒犬弓形虫病的血清学调查

为初步了解青海省大通县3个地区藏獒犬弓形虫病感染的流行病学特征,本试验采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法检测了采集自大通县桥头镇、城关镇和多林镇地区的80份藏獒犬血清样本。结果提示:大通县藏獒犬的弓形虫抗体阳性率为3.75%,且均为散养的成年护院藏獒犬,在养殖场中未检测出弓形虫阳性;其中1岁内的藏獒犬未检出阳性,检出1岁以上的藏獒犬阳性率为6.98%(3/43),不同年龄藏獒犬间存在显著差异(P0.05)。随着年龄的增长,藏獒犬感染弓形虫的几率增加,且夏季是弓形虫病的高发季节。调查结果表明弓形虫的感染与犬的饮食、环境有一定的关系,应加强对散养户的饲养管理,确保人和藏獒犬的安全,防止人畜间的互相传播。     

汨罗市部分地区羊衣原体血清学调查与分析

本研究从汨罗市4个乡(镇)26个羊养殖场(17个规模化羊养殖场和9个散养户)采集血清样品1 045份,采用间接血凝试验检测羊衣原体流行情况。结果发现,衣原体血清阳性样本共192份,阳性率为18.37%,其中,规模化羊养殖场和散养户来源样本阳性率分别为15.60%(127/814)和36.80%(85/231);哺乳羔羊、幼年羊、青年羊、成年母羊和成年公羊阳性率分别为10.52%(8/76)、13.38%(19/142)、17.63%(67/380)、21.50%(86/400)和25.53%(12/47);不同季节衣原体感染情况差异较大。其中,秋季和冬季稍高,分别为23.76%(67/282)和25.0%(55/220);而春季和夏季偏低,分别为13.99%(41/295)和11.69%(29/248)。结果表明,汨罗市部分地区羊养殖场衣原体感染情况较为严重,对人畜健康造成巨大的威胁。     

青海省海南地区猪弓形虫病血清学调查及分析

为了解青海省海南地区猪弓形虫病的感染情况,采用间接血凝试验对2015年采集的15个规模化猪场及散养的460份猪血清进行了弓形虫病血清学抗体的检测。试验结果表明:待检的460份血清样品,弓形虫抗体阳性52份,阳性率为11.30%。结果表明:规模化养殖和散养两种不同的养殖方式之间感染差异显著(P0.05)。最高的猪场弓形虫阳性率可达28.89%。其中成年猪的感染率为18.6%,高于仔猪和保育猪的4.6%(P0.05)。哺乳母猪感染率最高,可能与成年猪的饮食习惯及接触环境中卵囊机会有关。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.