携带猪囊虫表位的嵌合蛋白疫苗的构建及其免疫学研究

用PCR法将猪囊虫抗原表位n1、n2插入乙肝病毒核心蛋白（HBc）序列的第78～79位之间，将猪囊虫抗原表位n3接在149位之后，再将该序列克隆入pET28a载体中，构建了重组表达质粒pET28a—△c-3n，在大肠杆菌中表达出融合蛋白。命名为PCCE。将PCCE纯化后免疫小鼠，以ELISA检测小鼠的体液免疫应答，Western blot检测抗体的特异性．Dot ELISA验证所选表位的保护性。另用绦虫卵攻击免疫小鼠，以观察疫苗的保护作用。测序结果表明，重组质粒构建成功；SDS—PAGE显示，融合蛋白表达正确，电镜证实有蛋白颗粒形成。对免疫小鼠应用ELISA检测到高滴度抗体；Western blot结果表明。免疫鼠体内诱导出了3种特异性抗体；Dot ELISA结果表明，所逸表位对宿主可能具有保护性。绦虫卵攻击免疫小鼠试验表明，疫苗PCCE的相对保护率为89％。结论：成功地表达和纯化了以HBc为载体的携带3个猪囊虫表位的融合蛋白（PCCE），以PCCE作为疫苗免疫小鼠，能诱导较强的特异性体液免疫反应，免疫小鼠对绦虫卵攻击具有较好的免疫保护作用。     

酵母硒在鲫鱼饲料中的应用

硒作为动物体必需的微量元素，是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）的辅助因子，此酶能减少动物体内过氧化氢、脂肪酰氢过氧化物和脂肪酰乙醇的含量，从而减少脂肪的氧化。硒对动物的生长发育、免疫机能和抗氧化等方面发挥着重要作用。     

以小鼠为模型评价重组伪狂犬病病毒rPRV-HA的免疫效力

以小鼠为动物模型，对此前构建的表达H3N2亚型猪流感病毒（SIV）血凝素（HA）基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒（rPRV-HA）进行了免疫效力评价。按每只10^5.0 TCID50 rPRV-HA的剂量通过滴鼻接种8周龄雌性BALB／c小鼠（n=60），同时设Bartha-K61免疫对照组（n=60）、非免疫攻毒对照组（n=20）和非免疫不攻毒对照组（n=10）。于免疫后不同时间分别从rPRV-HA免疫组和Bartha—K61免疫对照组随机剖杀一定数量的小鼠，其余小鼠于免疫后第28天用10^5.0 TCID50同亚型SIV毒株A／Swine／Heilongjiang／74／2000（H3N2）进行强毒攻击。攻毒后第4、7、14天分别剖杀小鼠，进行间接免疫荧光、病毒分离、血清学和病理组织学检测。结果表明，重组病毒主要分布于肺脏；免疫后14d起，从rPRV—HA免疫组及Bartha—K61免疫对照组均可检测到针对PRV的荧光抗体；从rPRV—HA免疫组可以检测到针对SIV的荧光抗体和血凝抑制抗体，而各对照组均呈阴性。攻毒后从rPRV—HA免疫组小鼠未分离到攻击病毒，血凝抑制抗体显著升高，病理变化显著轻于对照组，表明rPRV—HA免疫小鼠可以抵抗同亚型SIV的攻击，可以作为rPRV—HA免疫效力评价模型。     

浅谈动物免疫档案的特点与管理

《动物免疫标识管理办法》规定，从2002年7月1日起我国全面实施动物免疫标识制度。动物免疫标识包括免疫证、免疫耳标、免疫档案。对于提高我国畜产品的质量，提高国际竞争力将到重要作用。推行动物免疫标识工作量大、任务重、难度大，尤其是动物免疫档案往往被忽视，充分认识动物免疫档案的     

对动物免疫标识的改进与建议

自2002年7月全面实施动物免疫标识和建立免疫档案以来，对加强和规范动物强制免疫，有效控制重大动物疫病，起到了积极作用。根据我们榆林市的牲畜饲养条例，在佩带免疫耳标当中，发现存在一些弊端，现提出改进与建议，愿和全国各级动物防疫监督机构和动物防疫员共同探讨，能否在实践当中进一步研究和改进。     

基层防疫中动物免疫副反应原因分析及防控对策

疫苗接种到动物体内所产生的与免疫作用无关的不良反应，统称为免疫副反应。随着动物免疫工作的强力推进，畜禽发生免疫反应在所难免，妥善处置好动物强制免疫副反应问题，才能有效保障重大动物疫病强制免疫工作的顺利进行。     

浅谈我区动物免疫耳标实行计算机管理的做法

实施动物免疫标识制度是农业部以规章形式确定的具有法律效力的强制性规定，并以农业部13号令的形式颁布，于2003年1月1日起实施。实施免疫标识制度，对进一步加强和规范动物强制免疫工作，有效控制动物疫病的发生和流行，提高畜产品质量安全将起到重要作用。推行动物免疫标识制度工作量大，任务重，     

日粮营养素对水产动物免疫机能的影响

现代营养学证明，水产动物营养与免疫关系密切，营养因素在水产动物免疫方面有着不可忽视的作用。本文主要介绍了日粮中主要营养物质如蛋白质、脂肪、维生素及矿物质等对水产动物免疫机能的影响。     

氟对动物机体免疫功能的影响

本文报道氟对动物机体免疫功能的影响。长期摄入过量的氟可使动物机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能降低，细胞因子活性抑制，呈剂量－效应关系，氟的免疫毒性作用早于骨骼的作用，对细胞免疫的损害早于体液免疫。     

以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的GM-CSF与生长抑素融合表达质粒对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和GH及IGF-Ⅰ分泌的影响

40只22日龄小鼠，雌雄各半，平均分为4组。其中第1组为对照组，第2～4组分别经口给予以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的pcS／2SS、pGM—CSF／SS和pGM—CSF＋pcS／2SS DNA疫苗，剂量10^9CFU／只，2周后以相同剂量加强免疫一次，分析不同DNA疫苗对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和GH、IGF-Ⅰ分泌的影响。结果表明GM—CSF可增强免疫鼠脾淋巴细胞对特异性抗原刺激的增殖能力，以pGM—CSF／SS免疫组最强；DNA疫苗免疫组的GH和IGF-Ⅰ分泌水平都高于对照组。这些结果证明，GM—CSF对生长抑素DNA疫苗有一定的免疫增强作用，以减毒沙门氏菌为载体介导DNA疫苗通过口服途径免疫动物是一种较好的免疫方式。pGM—CSF／SS的免疫效果优于pGM—CSF＋pcS／2SS。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.