母猪流产,死胎的发生及预防

妊娠母猪的死胎、流产症在养猪繁殖场是常见病症之一 ,且发生率仍在增加。二年来 ,本场母猪发生流产６２窝 ,流产率７．８ % ,其中经产母猪流产３８窝 ,流产率５．３ % ;初产母猪流产２４窝 ,流产率１７ %。经产母猪不同季节流产差异较大。冬季（１２～２月）发生流产１０窝 ,流产率８．５５ % ;夏季（７～９月）流产４窝 ,流产率３ % ;春秋季流产１８窝 ,流产率３．６ %。１９９８年对湖北省十个猪场统计 ,妊娠母猪１１５０头 ,发病５２２头 ,发生率４５．３９ % ,有的场母猪流产率高达９０．４８ % ,木乃伊死胎发生率高达６６．１０ %。成…     

黑山羊母羊流产原因与防治

黑山羊活动能力强、善于攀爬,是山区农民增收的最有效途径。但由于饲养管理不到位和疾病防治疗不及时,常常会导致发生母羊流产。现将对黑山羊母羊流产的原因及预防措施总结如下。(一)流产的原因流产的原因非常复杂,可以概括为三类:即普通流产、传染性流产和寄生虫性流产。1.普通流产。母羊或胎儿自身原因、用药不当和饲养管理不当引起的流产。     

中西医结合治疗牛流产

怀孕中断称为流产。一般可分为传染性流产和非传染性流产。由传染性疾病所引起的流产为传染性流产,饲养管理及医疗、配种技术引起者,为非传染性流产。从排出胎儿时间来看,布氏杆菌及损伤等导致流产者,以孕后期发病较多,怀孕前期流产者,多见于生殖激素紊乱和隐性子宫内膜炎等。     

母猪的流产及预防措施

母猪发生流产，使养猪场生产成本加大，经济效益降低。本文对本场二年来母猪流产资料进行统计，分析流产原因，探讨预防措施。１母猪流产情况二年来，本场母猪发生流产６２窝，流产率７８％，其中经产母猪流产３８窝，流产率５３％；初产母猪流产２４窝，流产率１７％...     

伊犁州马流产沙门氏菌病流行病学调查

为了解伊犁州马属动物马流产沙门氏菌的流行现状,采集伊犁州昭苏县、尼勒克县、察布查尔锡伯自治县的母马、流产马、驴血清和全血样品共982份,分别用ELISA、荧光PCR方法对马流产沙门氏菌病进行血清抗体和病原学检测。荧光PCR检测结果显示：察布查尔锡伯自治县驴马沙门氏菌病阳性率为29.7%;马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为2.5%,其中,昭苏县马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为1%、尼勒克县马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为4.1%、察布查尔锡伯自治县马流产沙门氏菌病4%;流产马、驴马流产沙门氏菌马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为92.5%;结果表明：马流产沙门氏菌病在这些养殖场点得到了很好的预防,但是马流产沙门氏菌引起的马流产依然较为普遍,特别是驴的马流产沙门氏菌病感染率较高,需要定期对马流产沙门氏菌病进行监测并加强防控。本调查为伊犁州马属动物马流产沙门氏菌病的防控提供了数据支持。     

母牛流产的原因分析与治疗措施

1 病因分析 流产的原因概括分为3类,即普通性流产、传染性流产和寄生虫性流产.在这里主要介绍普通性流产.胎膜胎盘异常,往往导致胚胎死亡;牛双胎流产多发生在6～7个月或以后,特别是胎犊在同一个子宫角时,流产比单胎多.     

母牛早产和流产原因及辨症防治

胚胎或胎儿与母体之间的孕育关系被破坏,使妊娠中断,210日龄以前的是流产,而210-269日龄间产的称早产。1早产与流产的原因及症状造成怀孕母牛流产的原因很多,如传染性流产、寄生虫性流产、一般性流产（包括母子间营养中断、生殖激素分泌紊乱）、外力性（或机械性）流产和中毒性流产等,多属饲养管理不当或日粮不平衡所引起。     

浅谈导致牛流产的几种传染病

<正>许多传染因素都可引起母牛流产。微生物可通过胎盘进入胎儿体内,引起胎儿发病,导致胎儿死亡或流产。一般而言,可诊断的流产只占流产总数的约25%。对于流产,重要的是对发生流产的相关情况进行调查以确定流产原因,建立预防程序。最常见的引起母牛流产的传染性因素有,布氏杆菌病、弧菌病、钩端螺旋体病、李氏杆菌病、真菌感染、毛滴虫病、蓝舌     

母畜流产及其防控

流产是妊娠母畜由于各种原因出现妊娠终止、胎儿排出母体的现象,临床分为普通流产、传染性流产和寄生虫性流产三大类;母畜发生流产后对生殖系统损伤较大,养殖场也会遭受较大的经济损失;防控流产一定要提升养殖场管理水平,加强母畜护理,同时做好养殖舍消毒工作。     

甘肃河西绒山羊流产原因调查与防治

针对河西绒山羊妊娠期流产严重的现象,在甘肃肃北县连续3年定点调查12户牧民山羊流产情况.调查结果表明:妊娠期河西绒山羊流产现象十分普遍,调查区绒山羊平均流产率48.3%,最低32.7%,最高73.2%;流产率最高阶段为怀孕3.5～4.5月,占总流产羊数的79.3%;流产在山羊不同的生育年龄段均有发生,但多发生于初产羊(占51.6%).流产临床表现为流产、木乃伊胎和弱羔,最多的木乃伊胎占39.9%.山羊血清学检验结果为:布鲁氏菌、衣原体、弓形虫全部为阴性,表明布鲁氏菌、衣原体、弓形虫等疫病不是引起该地区山羊流产的主要原因.进行的保暖、补饲试验研究表明:保暖可降低流产率13.35个百分点,补饲可降低流产率8.175个百分点,保暖+补饲可降低流产率13.85个百分点.结果表明,低温寒冷和营养不良是引起该地区山羊流产的主要原因.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.