犬Elovl2基因片段的克隆和测序分析

利用比较基因组的方法获得犬elongation of very long chain fatty acids(FEN1/Elo2,SUR4/Elo3,yeast)-like 2基因(Elovl2)序列,为后续研究奠定基础.根据人ELOVL2和小鼠的Elovl2基因序列设计PCR引物,对比格犬和本地犬的DNA进行PCR扩增,回收纯化扩增片段,克隆、测序.对本地犬和比格犬的三次克隆测序分别得到长为672bp、671bp和675bp的基因片段,三个基因片段有11个碱基差异.测序结果表明,犬的Elovl2基因与人的ELOVL2基因和小鼠的Elovl2基因无显著相似性.扩增得到的基因片段还需进一步分析.     

yuhongsu652@163.ne

 利用比较基因组的方法获得犬elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1/Elo2, SUR4/Elo3, yeast)-like 2基因（Elovl2）序列，为后续研究奠定基础。根据人ELOVL2和小鼠的Elovl2基因序列设计PCR引物，对比格犬和本地犬的DNA进行PCR扩增，回收纯化扩增片段，克隆、测序。对本地犬和比格犬的三次克隆测序分别得到长为672bp、671bp和675bp的基因片段，三个基因片段有11个碱基差异。测序结果表明，犬的Elovl2基因     

山东栖霞市红富士苹果花样营养诊断研究

通过对32个有代表性果园苹果花矿质营养分析,采用平衡指数法对山东栖霞市红富士苹果进行了花样营养诊断。结果表明:红富士苹果花样N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的适宜含量分别为(28.79±4.65)g/kg,(5.11±0.74)g/kg,(16.24±1.02)g/kg,(84.01±20.68)mg/kg,(43.54±9.46)mg/kg,(94.13±12.27)mg/kg,(109.08±38.9)mg/kg,(60.25±16.7)mg/kg,(10.09±3.15)mg/kg,(28.31±5.06)mg/kg;各营养元素的变幅表现为:FeCuMnCaMgZnNPBK;花样各营养元素之间存在着增效或拮抗效应;对Fe、Mn、Cu元素需求强度较大的果园分别占供试果园的53.1%,46.9%,37.5%;所有营养元素基本都有处于正常值区和高值区,在其他区域分布较少,K则全部处于正常值区。     

三聚氰胺及其衍生物对比格犬肾脏和睾丸的毒性评价

试验将30只8月龄的健康雄性比格犬随机分成五组,对犬灌服含有不同剂量组合的三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸混合胶囊,以研究不同浓度的三聚氰胺及其衍生物对犬肾脏和睾丸功能的影响。在试验周期29天内,获得五组犬的死亡率、尿沉渣检出率和尿生化检测值(UPRO/UCRE), 并进行病理组织学检查。试验结果表明：①在给药浓度为30mg/kg体重三聚氰胺和10mg/kg体重三聚氰酸混合时,犬死亡率最高(66.7%);②检出尿沉渣种类有磷酸铵镁结晶、黄色结晶、针状结晶、肾小管上皮细胞、鳞状上皮细胞、移行上皮细胞,尿沉渣检出率随着摄入浓度增大;③各组犬的尿生化检测值(UPRO/UCRE)值基本在正常范围内;④病理组织切片中显示高剂量组犬肾中有结晶形成、间质性肾炎和脂肪细胞变性的等病理变化,但对睾丸组织无明显变化。由此可以得出结论：高浓度的三聚氰胺及其衍生物主要影响犬的肾功能,而对睾丸无明显毒害作用。     

雨久花种群开花期生殖株构件表型可塑性及生长分析

采用大样本取样野外实地测定方法,对丹东地区雨久花种群生殖株的数量性状和生殖分配规律进行了分析。结果表明,在开花期,雨久花种群单个生殖株植株高度和花序长分别为(91.59±7.96)cm和(11.10±2.46)cm,花数为(68.47±18.52)个;生殖株生物量、根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和花序生物量分别为(9.97±4.13)g、(1.21±0.66)g、(6.36±2.91)g、(1.35±0.76)g和(1.05±0.51)g。花期雨久花种群生殖株变异系数以叶生物量最大,为56.41%;其次为根生物量54.14%;株高最小,为4.87%,各数量性状具有较大的表型可塑性。雨久花种群生殖株表型可塑性遵循着规律性,即随着株高的增加,花序长和花数量呈幂函数增加,根生物量和花序生物量呈直线增加;花序生物量与总生物量之间不存在相关的函数关系。     

民勤沙区典型一年生植物沙米构件特征研究

[目的]为掌握沙区一年生植物个体形态和构件特征,[方法]通过样地调查、室内测定和统计分析,对民勤沙区自然分布的典型一年生植物沙米个体形态特征及构件特征进行了观测研究,并分析了构件生物量与植株高度的关系。[结果]结果表明,沙米个体形态指标值变异系数大,尤其根长和侧根数变异系数大于50 %,反映出沙米对生长环境的良好适应性和调节能力；沙米个体生物量干重介于24.55 g～138.09 g之间,各构件生物量干重分配值的大小顺序是果穗(36.51±26.07 g)>枝条(31.00±20.26 g)>叶(24.09±12.97 g)>根(6.63±3.75 g),沙米生长中将生物量尽可能多地分配到繁殖构件中；沙米单株的含水率70.89±1.61 %,构件的含水率在64.91 %～74.97 %之间,且不同构件的含水率存在差异；沙米各构件生物量分配随植株高度的增加以幂函数关系增加,是沙米个体生长发育能力调节策略的表现。[结论]沙米对生长环境的适应性选择差异造成个体形态特征的差异,生长中将尽可能多地把生物量分配到繁殖构件中以确保种的延续,可以用株高通过模拟模型来衡量出各构件的生物量分配值,为荒漠生态系统中一年生植物的研究提供支撑依据。     

犬淋巴细胞转化增殖试验最佳条件的确定

本试验选择杂种牧羊犬作为实验犬,用MTT法检探讨了不同浓度犊牛血清（FCS）、淋巴细胞、植物血凝素P（PHA-P）和刀豆蛋白A（ConA）对犬淋巴细胞增殖的影响。确定了犊牛血清含量为10%,淋巴细胞浓度为5×106个/mL,用丝裂原PHA-P 刺激的最佳浓度为12.5ug/mL时,MTT法测定能够刺激犬淋巴细胞转化增殖,但t检验分析表明其促进淋巴细胞增殖的效果并不显著;当其它条件不变,所用的丝裂原为Con A时,它在浓度为0.5～2.5μg/mL范围内均可以显著刺激T细胞的增殖（P<0.05）,且在浓度为2.5μg/mL时刺激效果最佳     

烟草根结线虫削弱烟草对黑胫病抗病性的初步研究

本项研究目的在于探明烟草根结线虫(Meloidogyne incignita Chitwood)与烟草黑胫病(Phytophthora parasitica Var·nicotianae)之间的相互关系.试验用抗黑胫病品种——斯佩特G140(Speight Gl40)在烟草根结线虫与烟草黑胫病并发发严重的地块,用铁灭克(Temik)和瑞毒霉(Ridomil)分别防治根结线虫和黑胫病,或两药并用兼治两病,以不防治为对照.结果表明,烟草黑胫病的发生程度(y)与烟草根结线虫病情(x)之间具有正相关关系,相关系数γ=0.755,决定系数γ~2=0.570,说明本试验中烟草黑胫病病情有57%是由根结线虫引起的.进一步推导出经验回归方程y=6.753+0.395X,此方程可描述烟草根结线虫削弱烟草对黑胫病抗病性的量变关系,对防治决策有一定参考价值.     

滇西北野生牡丹天然居群的表型多样性

为揭示滇西北天然牡丹居群的表型变异程度和变异规律,利用12 个形态指标对18 个滇西北牡丹(Paeonia delavayi)的天然居群进行表型多样性研究。结果表明：滇西北牡丹表型性状在居群间存在广泛的变异,12 个性状居群间的变异系数为16.65%~107.78%,种群间的平均变异系数为38.44%。在研究的18 个居群中,宁蒗拉伯乡居群的变异最小,变异系数为25.02%;其次是玉龙县大平坝居群,变异系数为26.68%;以丽鸣线路旁居群的变异为最大,变异系数为50.86%。滇西北牡丹变型性状在居群间和居群内存在着丰富的表型多样性,12 个表型性状的平均表型分化系数为98.51%,居群间的变异(48.87%)大于居群内的变异(0.59%),表明居群间的变异是表型变异的主要来源。滇西北牡丹表型性状与地理因子的典型相关分析表明,坡度能正向依次解释单荚荚长(y11)、果柄长(y8)、叶柄长(y4)和单荚总数(y10),负向依次解释单荚荚宽(y12)、荚果数(y9)和株高(y1);聚类分析结果说明滇西北牡丹居群间表型性状变异是不连续的。     

莲瓣兰大雪素SEP1基因克隆和表达的研究

随着植物中越来越多的MADS-box基因被克隆出来,人们对经典的ABC模型进行了改进和完善,提出花发育的ABCDE模型,其中SEP1、SEP 2、SEP 3、SEP 4为E类基因,SEP1同源基因在花器官的形成过程中起至关重要的作用.本研究以莲瓣兰大雪素作为实验材料,用RACE方法快速地克隆全长cDNA,生物信息学分析全长cDNA为1047 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框(ORF)753 bp,编码250氨基酸的蛋白质,获得一个SEP1同源基因.通过基因表达在各个授粉前和授粉后3d的合蕊柱中.本研究为进一步对这个基因的功能研究奠定基础.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...