UPLC法测定饲料中的硝西泮

建立一种超高效液相色谱法测定饲料中硝西泮含量的方法。样品经无水乙醇提取,定容,采用超高效液相色谱分离,PDA检测器检测,以保留时间定性,以峰面积定量。硝西泮在浓度0.1~20μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数r为1.0000。在2~100mg/kg添加浓度范围内,回收率为81.6%～105.6%,批内RSD为3.8%～7.0%,批间RSD为0.9%～1.7%。最低检测限为2mg/kg,定量限为4mg/kg。该方法操作简便、结果准确、稳定性好,适用于饲料中硝西泮的测定。     

林麝饲用植物食用部分矿物质含量分析

研究对林麝(Moschus berezovskii)喜食的24种野生植物食用部分钙、磷以及铜、锰、铁、锌等4种微量元素含量进行测定,并将结果与泡桐叶、苜蓿进行比较.结果表明,这些样品钙含量介于1.26%～5.54%之间,磷含量介于0.11%～0.31%之间,锌含量介于8.39～37.67 mg/kg之间,铁含量介于105.45～488.98 mg/kg之间,铜含量介于1.28～25.27 mg/kg之间,锰含量介于14.89～199.93 mg/kg之间.为林麝的饲养管理及其营养基础研究提供一定的依据.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中氯唑西林残留量

采用乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液提取,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中氯唑西林残留量。试验结果表明,在0.02～1.00 mg/L的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.997。饲料添加0.05～0.5 mg/kg氯唑西林的平均回收率为70%～100%,精密度小于15%,检出限为0.02 mg/kg,定量限为0.05 mg/kg。     

饲料中黄霉素A的测定

本试验建立了高效液相色谱法测定饲料中黄霉素A的方法。饲料中的黄霉素经提取,并用C18小柱净化后,对其进行高效液相色谱测定。此方法黄霉素定量限为2mg/kg,黄霉素A定量限为1.5mg/kg。黄霉素添加浓度为2、3、5mg/kg时,黄霉素A的回收率在88.5%～113.2%之间,变异系数在2.2%～5.1%之间。     

固相萃取法结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定饲料中庆大霉素含量

本研究建立了一种固相萃取法结合液相色谱-串联质谱技术测定饲料中庆大霉素含量的方法。采用5%三氯乙酸提取液提取饲料样品,用PCX固相萃取柱净化,使用液相色谱-串联质谱检测,以2 mmol/L甲酸铵-0.1%甲酸溶液（A）-乙腈（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱,Agilent SBAq色谱柱分离。庆大霉素含量在1.0～100.0 mg/L线性关系良好（R2>0.995）;方法的检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.1 mg/kg;庆大霉素在3个添加水平（1.0、10.0、100.0 mg/kg）下的平均回收率为81.5%～123.6%,相对标准偏差<15%。该方法易于使用,预处理简单,适用于测定饲料中的庆大霉素含量。     

免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法检测青贮饲料中的呕吐毒素

本实验建立了免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱检测青贮饲料中呕吐毒素的方法。青贮样品经提取液提取后用免疫亲和柱净化,采用液相色谱法测定呕吐毒素。结果表明:呕吐毒素在0.1～5.0mg/L内线性关系好,相关系数为0.9997;在0.5、1.0、2.0mg/kg的加标水平下,回收率为82%～117%,相对标准偏差为5.1%～7.8%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定动物肺脏中替米考星残留量

建立了动物(牛、猪、鸡)肺脏中替米考星残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,紫外检测器290nm测定。空白动物肺脏中添加0.04、0.1、1.0、10.0mg/kg浓度的替米考星,方法的平均回收率在76.8%～94.1%之间,变异系数在2.7%～8.6%之间,检测限为0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.04mg/kg。该方法可以用于动物肺脏中替米考星残留量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱法测定猪用添加剂预混合饲粮中的米诺地尔

研究旨在建立一种检测猪用添加剂预混合饲粮中米诺地尔的超高效液相色谱测定方法。样品采用甲醇振荡提取,混合型强阳离子固相萃取小柱（MCX）净化,采用配有二极管阵列紫外检测器的超高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量。结果显示：标准品浓度为0.05～10.00 mg/L,米诺地尔具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数（R2）为0.999 6。样品中米诺地尔的最低检出限为2 mg/kg,定量限为5 mg/kg。在5～200 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率为73.6%～89.7%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）均小于4.5%。研究表明,试验建立的方法准确性好、灵敏度高,可有效应用于猪用添加剂预混合饲粮中米诺地尔的检测。     

石门汉唐引入的巴马香猪胴体性状及肌肉品质测定

研究测定了石门汉唐公司引入的巴马香猪的胴体性状及肌肉品质。随机选取体重45 kg左右的巴马香猪6头,屠宰测定,结果表明:巴马香猪屠宰率、瘦肉率分别为73.68%和50.8%;粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量分别为20.43%和2.05%,贮存损失为2.95%,剪切力为3.44 kg;肌肉中总氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别为21.72%、17.68%和9.73%;肌肉总不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量分别为55.17%、40.7%、14.47%和44.84%;肌肉中钾、钠、钙、铜、镁和锌分别为0.43%、389.33 mg/kg、35.32 mg/kg、0.36 mg/kg、233.33 mg/kg和14.88 mg/kg。测定结果显示,巴马香猪产肉较高,肉质细嫩营养丰富,具有良好的胴体性能和肌肉品质。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中环丙氨嗪

本试验研究建立了用NH2柱和97%乙腈水溶液做流动相洗脱测定饲料中灭蝇胺———环丙氨嗪含量的高效液相色谱法,饲料均质后经20%氨水乙腈溶液重复提取2次、浓缩处理后上机检测,环丙氨嗪标准曲线在0.05～20.0μg/mL线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.99995;在饲料中环丙氨嗪含量为3.0～8.0mg/kg时,回收率为87.23%～95.36%,变异系数为3.04%～3.46%。检测限为0.05mg/kg。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.