紫花苜蓿组织培养再生体系的建立

以紫花苜蓿无菌苗的下胚轴、子叶、叶片和叶柄为外植体,研究了不同培养基、不同激素种类和配比对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响以及不同分化培养基对胚状体分化的影响.结果表明:下胚轴外植体胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高;最佳胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为改良SH 2.0mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L 6-BA;最佳胚状体诱导培养基为MSO 2.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.5mg/L NAA;成苗培养基为1/2 MS 1% 蔗糖 0.7%琼脂.     

野生结缕草成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的研究

以野生结缕草(Zoysia japonica)的成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导进行植株再生。试验结果表明,不同的预处理方法对愈伤组织的诱导有较大的影响,经研钵研磨去除种子颖壳,30%NaOH浸泡1min,流水冲洗30 min处理的成熟胚在MS+2,4-D(3 mg/L)+6-BA(0.1 mg/L)为最佳,愈伤组织诱导率达82.67%。将愈伤组织在2,4-D(2 mg/L)和6-BA(0.2~0.5 mg/L)的继代培养基中继代1~2次,可明显改善愈伤组织状态,增加胚性愈伤数。筛选继代后的胚性愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+KT(1 mg/L)+NAA(0.1 mg/L)中,分化率达86%。分化后的簇状植株移栽成活率达100%。     

蒙农杂种冰草成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以蒙农杂种冰草成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织的诱导进行植株再生,结果表明:在附加甘露醇(0.2mol/L)和2,4-D(2.0mg/L)的MS培养基中,冰草成熟胚可诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为87.6%,但质量较差;将其在降低2,4-D浓度和添加6-BA的继代培养基中继代改造,可明显改善愈伤组织质量,增加胚性愈伤;将筛选改良的愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+ZT(3.0mg/L)+NAA(1.0mg/L)中,分化率为82%;分化小苗在1/2MS培养基上可生根并得到完整植株.本研究还建立了一套有效的以成熟胚为外植体的蒙农杂种冰草组织培养再生体系.     

黑麦冬牧70幼穗和未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

将黑麦冬牧70幼穗切段和未成熟胚接种在附加不同激素浓度的改良MS培养基上培养,获得了能多次继代培养的愈伤组织,后者在分化培养基上再生植株.2,4-D和6-BA浓度明显影响愈伤组织质量和诱导率,幼嫩幼穗和较小的未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率高.幼穗切段在改良MS 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 200 mg/L谷氨酰胺的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,质量较好;未成熟胚在改良MS 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 200 mg/L谷氨酰胺的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,质量最好.继代培养后的愈伤组织转移到附加200 mg/L谷氨酰胺、1.0 mg/L 2,4-D和0.1 mg/L TDZ的培养基上可分化出大量小芽.该体系可用于黑麦冬牧70遗传转化和细胞工程育种研究.     

星星草和朝鲜碱茅组织培养体系的建立

分别以星星草和朝鲜碱茅成熟胚为外植体,建立组织培养体系.结果表明,星星草和朝鲜碱茅成熟胚在MS+300mg/L CH+4.0mg/L 2,4-D +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率可分别达到53.3%和46.7%.经MS+300mg/LCH+1.0mg/L 2,4-D +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)继代培养基中继代培养后,星星草和朝鲜碱茅胚性愈伤组织在MS+300mg/L CH+1.0mg/L 2,4-D+0.3 mg/L 6-BA +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)分化培养基上,分化率分别达到了82.5%和75.7%.两种牧草再生苗生根移栽后成活率均可达到95%以上.     

白羊草成熟胚组织培养及植株再生体系的建立

以白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum(L.)Keng)成熟胚为外植体,研究不同激素及其不同配比对愈伤组织诱导发生与生长状态及其绿苗分化能力的影响。从而建立了白羊草植株再生体系,为开展生物技术育种提供参考。结果表明:在愈伤组织诱导培养基中添加2.0 mg/L 2,4-D诱导频率为86.7%,MSB和MS培养基对愈伤组织诱导效果相近;在其继代培养基中添加1.0 mg/L 2,4-D愈伤组织增殖快,且保持胚胎发生能力;适宜的分化培养基为6-BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,分化率达61.3%;愈伤组织在不添加任何生长调节剂的培养基上即可生根。     

高羊茅胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

对高羊茅2个品种(新秀和夜明珠2号)的再生技术进行了研究,建立了高频再生体系,为遗传转化奠定了基础.该试验以成熟的种子为外植体,诱导胚性愈伤组织.结果表明,2品种胚性愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D5.0mg/L+6-BA0.1 mg/L;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基:新秀为MS+6-BA 2.0ms/L,夜明珠2号为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L;生根最佳培养基为MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L.     

两个高羊茅品种成熟种子再生体系的建立

以2个高羊茅品种(“Plantation”和“沪坪1号”)的成熟种子为外植体,在MS培养基上分别添加不同浓度的2种植物生长调节剂,探索其愈伤组织的诱导、继代和分化的最佳激素配比及其相互间的影响,以建立简便高效的再生体系。结果表明,完整高羊茅种子最佳的愈伤诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 3 mg/L,诱导率为71%;而把成熟种子进行纵切后得到的半粒种子的较优的愈伤诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L,诱导率占半粒种子外植体的60%,占完整种子(2个半粒种子)外植体的90%以上;在最优诱导培养基上产生的愈伤组织的最佳继代培养基为MS+2,4-D 3 mg/L,其胚性愈伤诱导率为70%,而添加6-BA则抑制2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织的诱导;不同品种的最优的分化培养基不同——“Plantation”的最优分化培养基为MS+2,4-D 1 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,而“沪坪1号”的最佳组合是MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,分化率分别达到50%和56%。生根培养基采用已报道的组合1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L,生根率达100%。     

激素对白三叶愈伤组织形成的影响及体细胞胚的组织学观察

以白三叶3个品种瑞文德、铺地和海法的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,采用正交设计试验研究2,4-D、6-BA和KT三种生长调节剂的不同浓度水平对白三叶愈伤组织诱导及继代的影响,筛选最佳激素组合并进行体细胞胚的组织学观察.结果表明:同一品种同一时期不同外植体愈伤诱导的最佳激素组合不相同,不同品种间也不一致;瑞文德子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.35mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.35mg/L;铺地子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4 D 5mg/L+6-BA 0.35mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L;海法子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.35mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4-D5mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L.组织学观察表明,体细胞胚的发育经历球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚及子叶胚四个阶段后形成一个完整的体细胞胚.     

紫花苜蓿组织培养再生体系的建立

以紫花苜蓿无菌苗的下胚轴、子叶、叶片和叶柄为外植体,研究了不同培养基、不同激素种类和配比对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响以及不同分化培养基对胚状体分化的影响。结果表明：下胚轴外植体胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高;最佳胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为改良SH＋2．0mg／L2,4-D＋0．5mg／L6-BA;最佳胚状体诱导培养基为MSO＋2．0mg／L6-BA＋0．5mg／LNAA;成苗培养基为1／2MS＋1％蔗糖＋0．7％琼脂。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.