乙肝表面抗原和生长抑素融合基因在杆状病毒中表达

将乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）与生长抑素的融合基因（ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＳＳ）插入杆状病毒转移载体质粒ｐＶＬ１３９３，构成重组转移质粒ｐＶＬ１３９１ＨＳ。经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂质证实ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＳＳ已插入ＰＶＬ１３９３。借助磷酸钙沉淀法，将ＣｓＣｌ超速离心纯化的重组转移质粒和苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＮＰＶ）共转染Ｓｆ９细胞，用荧光空班和酶联免疫测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ），筛选到重组病毒ＡｃＮＰＶＨＳ。提取感     

核酸探针检测人工感染猪及死胎的猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒

利用反转录－聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）美洲株ＡＴＣＣ ＶＲ－２３３２ＯＲＦ６及部分ＯＲＦ７５８６ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ。将ＰＣＲ产物连接进线状克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ后获阳性重组质粒。用ＥｃｏＲＩ及ＳｍａＩ双酶切阳性重组质粒ＤＮＡ,回收４６３ｂｐ的小片段并以此制备出地高辛标记的核酸探针。应用该探针对４头鼻内人工感染ＡＴＣＣＶＲ－２３３２的     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的序列分析

用根据国外已报道的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）的ＲＮＡ２的序列合成的两个引物，通过对ＢＮＹＶＶ新疆分离物的ＲＮＡ逆转录获得了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白基因的ｃＤＮＡ，经ＰＣＲ扩增后用Ｔ４聚合酶补平两端，克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）质粒的ＳｍａＩ位点，转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α，经筛选得到正向插入的重组质粒ｐＧＥＢ３。用ＰＣＲ扩增和酶切均得到５９０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段。用ＡＢＩ３７０Ａ型ＤＮＡ全自动序列仪测出该ｃ     

甘薯羽状斑驳病毒外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及特异抗血清的制备

根据已报道的甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（ＳＰＦＭＶ）外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的核苷酸序列合成引物,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的方法获得ＣＰ基因后,再将其克隆到原核表达载体ｐＥＴ３０ａ（＋）中。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,ＣＰ基因在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐＬｙｓＳ中获得了高效表达。以含表达产物的凝胶为抗原,免疫家兔,制备了ＳＰＦＭＶ外壳蛋白的特异性抗血清。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ和点免疫（Ｄｏｔｂｏ     

传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因的克隆及其重组鸡痘病毒转移载…

根据已发表的ＩＢＤＶ基因组序列设计并合成一对特异扩增ＩＢＤＶ ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ的引物，以纯化的ＩＢＤＶ－Ｄ７８弱毒疫苗株基因组为模板，利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术扩增出约１．５ｋｂ产物。将ＰＣＲ产物克隆到ｐＵＣ１９的Ｓｍａｌ位点，经酶切图谱分析等方法鉴定出重组ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ质粒（ｐＶＰ２）。将ＶＰ２基因正向插入ＦＰＶ启动子ＬＰ２３Ｐ２下游，连同痘苗病毒启动子Ｐ１１启动的ＬａｃＺ报告基因盒插入ＦＰＶ转移载体中     

脑钠肽与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶融合蛋白的表达与分离纯化

用ＰＣＲ技术扩增获得脑钠肽－９５ｃＤＮＡ,再由它获得脑钠肽－３８ｃＤＮＡ（ＢＮＰ－３８ｃＤＮＡ）选用融合蛋白表达质粒ｐＧＥＸ－３Ｘ作载体,构建成谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（ＧＳＴ）和ＢＮＰ－３８的融合基因,该基因在大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９中表达的最佳体系是：以１：１０扩大培养４ｈ加入终浓度为０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的诱导剂ＩＰＴＧ诱导培养４ｈ,诱导表达的融合蛋白量可达５６μｇ／ｍＬ,培养液,是国外文献的３．７３倍,用     

MBP-狂犬病毒NP融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及NP的纯化

将狂犬病毒核蛋白结构基因重组到原核表达质粒ｐＭＡＬ－Ｃ２Ｘ中,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达出的ＭＢＰ－ＮＰ融合蛋白分子量约９８ｋＤ;用支链淀粉琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析纯化得到电泳均一的融合蛋白,融合蛋白用因子Ｘａ裂解后,经Ｑ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ离子交换层析可将ＭＢＰ与ＮＰ分开,得到了电泳均一、分子量约５６ｋＤ的ＮＰ蛋白,经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析证实抗原性正确,为进一步利用ＮＰ蛋白制备抗体或单克隆抗体打下了基     

新城疫病毒F48E8株核衣壳蛋白基因在鸡痘病毒中的表达及其？…

通过反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增了新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ４８Ｅ８株核衣壳蛋白（ＮＰ）基因,并克隆到ｐＵＣＮＰ。应用分子克隆技术,将ＮＰ基因导入鸡痘病毒（ＦＰＶ）转移载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１中Ｐ７．５启动子的下游,得到含ＮＤＶ ＮＰ基因的质粒ｐＦＧＮＰ１１７５－１。利用脂质体转染技术,将该质粒转染ＦＰＶ疫苗株２８２Ｅ４感染３－４ｈ的鸡胚成纤维细胞,采用蓝斑筛选方法纯化多次,得到稳定的重组Ｆ     

不带抗药性基因的nifA质粒的构建

本研究克隆了萤光假单胞菌ＡＳ１．５５（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＡＳ１．５５）的亮氨酸基因（ｌｅｕ＾＋）ＥｃｏＲＩ片段（－６．６ｋｂ）,并获得含有该片段的重组质粒ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ。从ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ质粒中分离出ｌｅｕ＾＋ＥｃｏＲＩ片段,将其插入到ｎｉｆＡ质ｐＭＣ７１Ａ的ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点使氯霉素抗性基因失活,从而构建了不带抗药性基因ｎｉｆＡ质粒ｐＭＣ７１Ａ－ＬＥＵ。     

狂犬病病毒3aG株核蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从狂犬病病毒感染的ＢＨＫ细胞裂解上清液中快速提取病毒ＲＮＡ,用反转录－聚合式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法得到编码核蛋白完整结构基因的ｃＤＮＡ,进一步将此基因克隆入ｐＵＣ１８中,进行核苷酸序列分析,并与国外ＰＶ、ＣＶＳ、ＳＡＤＢ１９株以及国内５ａＧ株的Ｎ基因序列进行了同源性比较,证明所克隆Ｎ基因正确。     

铁、锰、铝氧化物固体吸附剂对胡敏酸和富里酸吸附机理研究

研究了Fe2O3、MnO2或Al2O3固体吸附剂对胡敏酸和富里酸的吸附机制和影响因素。结果表明:相同pH下,Fe2O3、MnO2或Al2O3固体吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附量随着腐殖酸(胡敏酸HA和富里酸FA)有机碳浓度的增加而增加;不同pH下,对HA的吸附量依照pH3·0>pH5·0>pH7·0的顺序递减。相同pH下,随着HA有机碳浓度的增加,三种固体吸附剂对HA的吸附百分率减小。相同pH下,三种固体吸附剂对FA的吸附百分率呈单峰形,随着酸度的降低,峰位向添加的有机碳低浓度处迁移。吸附量用Langumuir方程拟合能得到极显著相关的方程,在相同pH下,三种固体吸附剂吸附HA的最大吸附量Smax和吸附亲和力常数K小于FA,而标准自由能变ΔGmo却略大于FA;298·2K温度下,三种固体吸附剂吸附胡敏酸和富里酸的ΔGmo<0,表明在等温等压不做非体积功情况下吸附是自发进行的反应。     

CH4 oxidation and emissions of CH4 and N2O from Lolium perenne swards under elevated atmospheric CO2

Emissions of N₂O and CH₄ and CH₄ oxidation rates were measured from Lolium perenne swards in a short-term study under ambient (36 Pa) and elevated (60 Pa) atmospheric CO₂ at the Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment experiment, Eschikon, Switzerland. Elevated pCO₂ increased (P<0.05) N₂O emissions from high N fertilised (11.2 g N m⁻²) swards by 69%, but had no significant effect on net emissions of CH₄. Application of ¹³C-CH₄ (11 μl l⁻¹; 11 at.% excess ¹³C) to closed chamber headspaces in microplots enabled determination of rates of ¹³C-CH₄ oxidation even when net CH₄ fluxes from main plots were positive. We found a significant interaction between fertiliser application rate and atmospheric pCO₂ on ¹³C-CH₄ oxidation rates that was attributed to differences in gross nitrification rates and C and N availability. CH₄ oxidation was slower and thought to be temporarily inhibited in the high N ambient pCO₂ sward. The most rapid CH₄ oxidation of 14.6 μg ¹³C-CH₄ m⁻² h⁻¹ was measured in the high fertilised elevated pCO₂ sward, and we concluded that either elevated pCO₂ had a stimulatory effect on CH₄ oxidation or inhibition of oxidation following fertiliser application was lowered under elevated pCO₂. Application of ¹⁴NH₄¹⁵NO₃ and ¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃ (10 at.% excess ¹⁵N) to different replicates enabled determination of the respective contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N₂O emissions. Inhibition of CH₄ oxidation in the high fertilised ambient pCO₂ sward, due to competition between NH₃ and CH₄ for methane monooxygenase enzymes or toxic effects of NH₂OH or NO₂⁻ produced during nitrification, was hypothesised to increase gross nitrification (12.0 mg N kg dry soil⁻¹) and N₂O emissions during nitrification (327 mg ¹⁵N-N₂O m⁻² over 11 d). Our results indicate that increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ may increase emissions of N₂O by denitrification, lower nitrification rates and either increase or decrease the ability of soil to act as a sink for atmospheric CH₄ depending on fertiliser management.     

添加H2O2改性和HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭对一种酸性水稻土吸附Cd (Ⅱ)的影响

选择稻草、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆作为制备生物质炭的原料，分别用H2O2和HNO3/H2SO4对生物质炭进行改性处理，以未改性的生物质炭和HCl处理的生物质炭作为对照。按土重3%的比例向采自安徽郎溪的酸性水稻土中添加上述生物质炭，在经历一个干湿交替周期后，进行Cd(Ⅱ)吸附/解吸实验，研究添加生物质炭对水稻土吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的影响及其机制。结果表明，两种改性方法均有效增加了生物质炭表面的质子结合位点数，且HNO3/H2SO4改性对生物质炭表面羧基官能团的扩增效果更显著。官能团的增加使得添加了HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭的水稻土对Cd(Ⅱ)的专性吸附能力显著增强。因此，添加HNO3/H2SO4改性生物质炭可以作为酸性水稻土吸附固定重金属Cd的一种新型方法。     

Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from Southern European peatlands

Peatlands play an important role in emissions of the greenhouse gases CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O, which are produced during mineralization of the peat organic matter. To examine the influence of soil type (fen, bog soil) and environmental factors (temperature, groundwater level), emission of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O and soil temperature and groundwater level were measured weekly or biweekly in loco over a one-year period at four sites located in Ljubljana Marsh, Slovenia using the static chamber technique. The study involved two fen and two bog soils differing in organic carbon and nitrogen content, pH, bulk density, water holding capacity and groundwater level. The lowest CO₂ fluxes occurred during the winter, fluxes of N₂O were highest during summer and early spring (February, March) and fluxes of CH₄ were highest during autumn. The temporal variation in CO₂ fluxes could be explained by seasonal temperature variations, whereas CH₄ and N₂O fluxes could be correlated to groundwater level and soil carbon content. The experimental sites were net sources of measured greenhouse gases except for the drained bog site, which was a net sink of CH₄. The mean fluxes of CO₂ ranged between 139 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the undrained bog and 206 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen; mean fluxes of CH₄ were between −0.04 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained bog and 0.05 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen; and mean fluxes of N₂O were between 0.43 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen and 1.03 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained bog. These results indicate that the examined peatlands emit similar amounts of CO₂ and CH₄ to peatlands in Central and Northern Europe and significantly higher amounts of N₂O.     

Relationship between soil CO2 concentrations and forest-floor CO2 effluxes

To better understand the biotic and abiotic factors that control soil CO₂ efflux, we compared seasonal and diurnal variations in simultaneously measured forest-floor CO₂ effluxes and soil CO₂ concentration profiles in a 54-year-old Douglas fir forest on the east coast of Vancouver Island. We used small solid-state infrared CO₂ sensors for long-term continuous real-time measurement of CO₂ concentrations at different depths, and measured half-hourly soil CO₂ effluxes with an automated non-steady-state chamber. We describe a simple steady-state method to measure CO₂ diffusivity in undisturbed soil cores. The method accounts for the CO₂ production in the soil and uses an analytical solution to the diffusion equation. The diffusivity was related to air-filled porosity by a power law function, which was independent of soil depth. CO₂ concentration at all depths increased with increase in soil temperature, likely due to a rise in CO₂ production, and with increase in soil water content due to decreased diffusivity or increased CO₂ production or both. It also increased with soil depth reaching almost 10 mmol mol⁻¹ at the 50-cm depth. Annually, soil CO₂ efflux was best described by an exponential function of soil temperature at the 5-cm depth, with the reference efflux at 10 °C (F₁₀) of 2.6 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the Q₁₀ of 3.7. No evidence of displacement of CO₂-rich soil air with rain was observed.Effluxes calculated from soil CO₂ concentration gradients near the surface closely agreed with the measured effluxes. Calculations indicated that more than 75% of the soil CO₂ efflux originated in the top 20 cm soil. Calculated CO₂ production varied with soil temperature, soil water content and season, and when scaled to 10 °C also showed some diurnal variation. Soil CO₂ efflux and concentrations as well as soil temperature at the 5-cm depth varied in phase. Changes in CO₂ storage in the 0–50 cm soil layer were an order of magnitude smaller than measured effluxes. Soil CO₂ efflux was proportional to CO₂ concentration at the 50-cm depth with the slope determined by soil water content, which was consistent with a simple steady-state analytical model of diffusive transport of CO₂ in the soil. The latter proved successful in calculating effluxes during 2004.     

水培条件下CO2与NH+4/NO-3配比对番茄幼苗生育的影响

升高CO₂浓度能够促进作物的光合作用，提高作物的生物量和产量，但关于CO₂与NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比及其交互作用对作物影响的研究较少，为探索番茄幼苗生长发育对CO₂浓度升高的响应是否对NH⁺₄/NO^-₃配比有较强的依赖关系，本试验在营养液栽培条件下，以番茄(Lycopersicun esculentum Mill)为试材，研究正常大气CO₂浓度(360 μL/L)和倍增CO₂浓度(720 μL/L)与不同NH⁺₄/NO^-₃配比的交互作用对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：CO₂浓度升高提高了低NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例处理中番茄叶片的光合速率和水分利用率，提高幅度随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的降低而增强，光合速率增强最大达55%。在同一CO₂浓度处理下净光合速率与水分利用率均随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的增加而显著降低。这说明CO₂浓度升高对番茄幼苗生长发育的促进作用随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的降低而提高，但并没有减弱全NH⁺₄-N处理中番茄幼苗的受毒害作用。综上所述，CO₂浓度升高能提高植物生产的节水能力和水分生产力；水培条件下，NO^-₃-N是最适合番茄幼苗生长发育的氮源，其它NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例对番茄幼苗的生长发育有一定的抑制作用，仅以NH⁺₄-N作氮源则番茄幼苗很难生长。     

Diffusion of NH+4 and NO−3 mineralized from organic N in soil

The mineralization of native soil organic matter and the simultaneous diffusion of zero NH⁺₄ and NO^?₃ to a solution sink of zero N concentration was analysed experimentally and theoretically for a fine sandy loam soil. Experimentally, the NH₄ and NO₃ ions produced in an incubated unsaturated soil column were allowed to diffuse through a sintered glass plate into a stirred solution sink. The distribution of NH⁺₄ and NO^?₃ in the soil column was measured after various incubation times. The rate of ammonification was measured directly during incubation and the rate of nitrification modelled from nitrifier growth kinetics. A Freundlich equation was used to describe the equilibrium between soluble and exchangeable NH⁺₄ in the soil. Terms for the microbial transformation of N and the adsorption-desorption of NH⁺₄ were combined with diffusion equations which were solved numerically using finite difference methods. The model constructed was used to predict the NH⁺₄ and NO^?₃ con-centration distributions in the soil column, and good agreement was obtained between the experimental and predicted concentration profiles. The use of the model for predicting the diffusive flux of mineral N to the outer surfaces of soil peds, where it is vulnerable to leaching, was demonstrated.     

Induction of enhanced CH4 oxidation in soils: NH4 inhibition patterns

The influence of NH₄⁺ on microbial CH₄ oxidation is still poorly understood. Therefore, the influence of NH₄Cl and (NH₄)₂SO₄ on CH₄ oxidation was studied in soils at the different stages of the induction of enhanced methanotrophic activity. After a brief peak in the methanotrophic activity, a steady state was observed in which NH₄⁺ inhibited CH₄ oxidation at low CH₄ concentrations, and stimulated CH₄ oxidation at high concentrations. Chloride did not strongly inhibit CH₄ oxidation during this phase. During a second phase methanotrophic activity increased again. Ammonium no longer stimulated CH₄ oxidation, and Cl⁻ became an important source of uncompetitive inhibition. It was hypothesized that type I methanotrophs dominated during the first, soil-N-dependent phase while N₂-fixing type II methanotrophs dominated the second, soil-N-independent phase.