高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与小麦烘烤品质关系研究

用SDS-PAGE方法测定了全国9个小麦主产省、市163个小麦品种和11个引进品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成及其含量、沉降值和面粉GMP含量。结果表明，不同HMW-GS及其组合形式对小麦品质的影响显著不同，某些HMW-GS对我国小麦烘烤品质的影响不同于其他国家，如4+12亚基影响较大，而7+8亚基影响偏小。但单个亚基品质评分     

对小麦不同HMW麦谷蛋白亚基质量评分系统的评价

小麦HMW麦谷蛋白亚基组成不同是造成各品种间烘烤品质差异的主要原因。不同研究者分别依据亚基间沉淀值（Payne等，1987）、评价值（傅宾孝等．1989）、抗延伸力（赵友梅等，1990）以及包括沉淀值在内的多个性状（赵和等，1994）的差异。先后建立了各自的评分系统。比较研究结果表明，前3种亚基评分系统对亚基的质量评分具有一定的共性，个别亚基的评分则存在差异；赵和等（1994）的评分系统则侧重考虑1D控制的亚基对烘烤品质的决定性作用，1A和1B控制的亚基作用甚小，因而与其余3种评分方法存在较大分歧。相关分析结果表明，就评价中国小麦品种的品质而言，国内制订的评分系统优于国外的。除容重、灰分等性状外，HMW麦谷蛋白亚基组成与大多数品质性状呈显著或极显著相关关系．     

小麦胚乳蛋白质组分及高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与烘烤品质的关系

小麦的烘烤品质主要取决于面粉中蛋白质的含量和品质。因为蛋白质的含量受环境条件的影响较大,旨在提高小麦烘烤品质的育种主要着眼点在于改善其蛋白质的品质。Khan等(1989)研究表明,小麦胚乳蛋白质中的麦谷蛋白及醇溶蛋白的数量与烘烤品质有关。而Payne等(1981,1983)则认为麦谷蛋白的高分子量亚基构成对烘烤品质有重要的影响     

不同HMW-GS小麦品种在不同地区种植品质分析

通过分析不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW－GS）类型小麦品种在河南省不同纬度、不同经度地区种植的品质表现,结果表明,高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分与小麦加工品质密度相关,根据评分可大致评价不同小麦品种的加工品质。在试验区域内,随纬度降低,不同HMW－GS类型小麦品种的主要品质指标均有所下降,但高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分较高的品种受生态环境条件影响较小,在纬度相近、经度不同地区种植的小麦品种品质表现不尽一致。研究还对供试小麦品种的加工利用价值和适宜种植区域进行了评价。     

陕西省部分小麦栽培品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质关系

本研究以36个陕西省主要栽培品种为材料,利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成,并对其SDS沉淀值进行了测定,分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与代表面包烘烤品质的SDS沉淀值间的关系.结果表明:Glu-1位点存在着广泛的等位基因变异,在所分析的36个品种中,Glu-A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为63.9%;Glu-B1位点等位基因变异最丰富,其中亚基7 8和7 9出现频率最高,其次为亚基14 15;Glu-D1位点亚基组成以2 12为主;对各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值的简单相关分析结果表明各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值均存在着显著或极显著相关关系,各位点影响大小依次为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;Glu-1品质评分与SDS沉淀值极显著正相关.     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE图谱在小麦品质研究中的应用

本实验应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),分析了河南72个小麦品种(品系)的高分子量(HMW)麦谷蛋白亚基组成,并测定其蛋白质含量、面筋含量、沉淀值、流变学特性和面包烘烤品质。发现含有 Glu—1 D 5+10亚基的品种一般有好的面粉品质和面包烘烤品质,含有 Glu—1 B 7+8或 Glu—1 A 2~*或 Glu—1 B 7亚基的品种有     

小麦剩余蛋白含量与面包烘烤品质

测定了21个小麦品种(系)的麦谷蛋白、酸可溶性麦谷蛋白和剩余蛋白的含量以及流变学特性指标,作了沉淀试验和面包烘烤试验,进行了逐步回归分析、通径分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明:剩余蛋白含量作为预测面包烘烤品质的量要指标是可靠的,在小麦品质育种中以剩余蛋白含量对育种材料进行选择是可行的。     

冬小麦品种的HMW-GS组成和1BL/1RS易位分布及其与品质性状的关系研究

研究了我国代表性冬小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)以及1BL/1RS易位的分布和组成,探讨了其对揉面仪特性等小麦加工品质性状的影响,结果表明:在Glu-A1位点,我国小麦品种中1亚基的频率为64.0%,N亚基为32.5%,2*亚基频率低,为3.5%;在Glu-B1位点,7 9亚基占56.8%,7 8亚基为26.4%,14 15亚基为10.7%,而20,13 16,7亚基的材料极少(频率分别为3.6%,1.5%和1%);在Glu-D1位点,2 12和4 12亚基合计占63.0%,而5 10亚基的比例偏低,为37.0%.1BL/1RS易位系的比例仍然偏高,为50.8%.HMW-GS组成及1BL/1RS易位对小麦加工品质影响较大,其中5 10亚基对小麦绝大多数加工品质指标起正向作用,而1BL/1RS易位对大多数品质指标起负向作用.因此,我国小麦品种5 10亚基的频率仍然偏低,1BL/1RS易位系频率仍然偏高,可能正是目前我国小麦生产中优质品种面筋强度不够,品质稳定性差的原因所在.根据SDS-PAGE麦谷蛋白电泳结果或分子标记进行优质高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基选择,提高5 10等优质亚基的比例,并根据醇溶蛋白电泳结果进行1BL/1RS易位筛选,降低1BL/1RS频率,应成为今后我国优质小麦育种的重要目标和手段之一.     

普通小麦HMW-GS Dx5与Dx2亚基共显性标记

高分子量麦谷蛋白是决定小麦烘烤品质的重要蛋白组分,其中Glu-D1基因座(Locus)与小麦的烘烤品质关系最为密切,该座位的亚基类型中,Dx5亚基的面团弹性要大于Dx2亚基。本研究根据Dx5亚基和Dx2亚基DNA序列的中间重复区重复单元数目的不同,开发出用于鉴别两种不同亚基类型的共显性标记,并利用该标记对含有Dx2亚基的川麦38与具有Dx5亚基的川麦42杂交F1植株、F2群体进行PCR分析。研究结果显示电泳条带清晰,片段大小符合期望值,F2群体检测统计结果符合孟德尔定律。研究结果表明该共显性标记能够用于早期分子辅助选择育种。     

河北省小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基遗传变异分析

采用SDS-PAGE技术对河北省近40年来育成的小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的遗传变异进行了研究.在这些品种中,Glu-1位点具有较丰富的遗传变异,共监测到11种亚基和11种亚基组合类型,品质评分在5～10之间,品质评分有上升的趋势,1995年以后的育成种优质强筋亚基出现的频率显著增加,品质评分显著上升.鉴定出一批含优质亚基的品种供育种利用.     

小麦粉面包烘烤品质指标典型相关分析

本研究于1986年在郑州进行.试验选用50个小麦品种(系),对测定的13项面包烘烤品质指标分组进行了典型相关分析.结果表明:面粉粉质、拉伸品质和蛋白质数量等指标组间普遍存在着显著或极显著的典型相关;能较好地反映粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值和HMW麦谷蛋白亚基组成得分的粉质仪指标是断裂时间和稳定时间,拉伸仪指标是延伸性.拉伸仪指标与蛋白质数量等指标间关联程度的大小,因拉伸时间的长短而异.粉质仪与拉伸仪指标组间的典型相关主要由断裂时间、形成时间、稳定时间和延伸性所决定.     

Identification of low-molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat associated with bread-making quality

Although it is known that the compositions of low‐molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GSs) are important factors for bread‐making quality of wheat, it is still not clear which LMW‐GSs confer improved bread‐making quality and how those LMW‐GSs interact with high‐molecular weight (HMW) GSs. Using a hard red winter wheat line with good bread‐making quality and a Japanese wheat cultivar with poor quality as well as their progeny we identified LMW‐GSs associated with the bread‐making quality. One such LMW‐GS, KS2, which had a molecular weight of 42 kDa and was allelic to HS1, was associated with bread‐making quality. Furthermore, by using four recombinant inbred lines with different HMW‐GS and LMW‐GS combinations, KS2 and HMW‐GS 5+10 showed interaction effects on the bread‐making quality. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Page) analysis showed that KS2 consists of two protein components and that HS1 is composed of three components. The N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the five components were identical to the most frequently analysed sequence of LMW glutenin components.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异及其与品质和其它农艺性状关系的研究

本研究应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了国内外757份供试材料的高分子量（HMW）麦谷蛋白亚基组成。共发现65种HMW亚基组成，其中53种为常见型，12种为罕见型。国外品种的亚基组合数多于国内品种，国内育成品种又多于国内地方品种。作者还发现了部分罕见亚基，即由Glu-D1编码的亚基2.2+12，2+10，2，12以及前人未曾发现的3个亚基。研究     

High molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of Chinese bread wheats

Summary The endosperm storage proteins of 205 Chinese bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines were fractionated by SDS-PAGE to determine their high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit composition. Seventeen alleles were identified: three at Glu-A1, eight at Glu-B1, and six at Glu-D1. The most common alleles were Null, 1, 7+8, 7+9, and 2+12. The results indicate that wheats from different regions differ in their frequencies of HMW glutenin subunits, however, none of the subunits could be related to specific environments. The glutenin quality scores of Chinese wheats ranged from 3 to 10, with an average of 6.7. Increasing quality scores have implications in improving steam-bread making quality for Chinese consumers. On the basis of HMW glutenin subunit composition, Chinese wheats are close to European wheats, especially Italian wheats because several Italian introductions are widely distributed in the pedigrees of Chinese wheat.     

Introduction to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and assessment for bread-making quality of alleles from T. boeoticum Boiss. ssp. thaoudar at Glu-A1 encoding two high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin

Two alleles, Glu-A1r encoding high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 39+40 and Glu-A1s encoding HMW glutenin subunits 41+42, were introgressed to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Sicco from two accessions of T. boeoticum Boiss. ssp. thaoudar (A genome species, 2n=2x=14). Alleles at Glu-A1 in current commercial bread wheats encode zero or one subunit, and alleles at the homoeoloci Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 encode a maximum of two subunits; hence the maximum number of subunits found in commercial wheats is five, whereas the lines incorporating Glu-A1r and Glu-A1s carry six. Using near-isogenic lines, the current results demonstrated that the introduction of Glu-A1r resulted in diminished dough stickiness and improved stability during mixing compared with Glu-A1a encoding subunit 1, and a small improvement in gluten strength as shown by the SDS- sedimentation test. The introduction of Glu-A1a also resulted in a small improvement in gluten strength predicted by the SDS-sedimentation test. Thus the alleles are of potential value in breeding programmes designed to improve bread-making quality.     

Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 + 10 for the improvement of the bread-making quality of hexaploid triticale

In an earlier study, chromosome 1D of the hexaploid breadwheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was introduced into hexaploid triticale to improve its bread‐making quality. That specific chromosome, 1D, carried the a allele at the Glu‐D1 locus coding for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 2 + 12, and since subunits 2 + 12 are associated with poor bread‐making quality in wheat, in the present study hexaploid 1D substitution triticale was crossed with octoploid triticale with the d allele at the Glu‐D1 locus encoding HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10. Following backcrosses to different triticale varieties, 1D substitution lines were established that had Glu‐D1 allele a or d in an otherwise genetically similar background, and the influence of these two different alleles on bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale was compared. The agronomic performance of 76 selected lines was evaluated in a field trial. The Zeleny sedimentation value was determined as a parameter for bread‐making quality, and related to the presence of chromosome 1D, the different glutenin alleles and the nature of the substitution. The presence of chromosome 1D had a significant and positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation value, but the difference between the two glutenin alleles 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 was not as obvious as in wheat. Owing to its high cytological stability and minimal effect on agronomic performance, substitution 1D(1A) appears to be the most desirable one to use in triticale breeding.     

小麦谷蛋白聚合体的MS-SDS-PAGE及其与面包烘烤品质的关系

选用品质(微量SDS沉淀值、稳定时间)优劣不同的10个"9311168///81831-1/pernell//京411"的F6品系, 探索多层浓缩胶SDS-PAGE(MS-SDS-PAGE)的实验方法, 初步探讨可溶性谷蛋白的分子量分布状况和不溶性谷蛋白(GMP)与面包烘烤品质的关系. 结果表明, 通过SDS-磷酸缓冲液可将谷蛋白聚合体分成两部分: 分子量较小的SDS-可溶性谷蛋白