1BL/1RS易位对小麦加工品质的影响

分析了138份国内小麦品种和14份国外优质品种的1BL/1RS易位状况和高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成，并将其中的78个品种连续两年在两地种植，研究了1BL/1RS易位对小麦籽粒品质和面条品质的影响。结果表明，1BL/1RS易位品种的优质高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基出现频率显著低于非1BL/1RS易位品种；1BL/1RS 易位主要影响面团稳定时间、     

小麦×玉米杂交双单倍体后代的HMW-GS组成和易位分析

为了提高优质小麦的育种效率,在早代明确高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的组成,增加育种的针对性,以1个小麦杂交组合的296个DH株系群体为试材,采用半粒SDS-PAGE法检测麦谷蛋白,且用A-PAGE检测了醇溶蛋白。结果表明:母本衡09-6324的HMW-GS构成为null、7+9、2+12,是有Sec-1特征带的1BL/1RS易位系品种,父本师栾02-1亚基组成1、7+9、5+10,是非1BL/1RS易位系品种。296个DH株系共鉴定出6种不同的HMW-GS类型,均为父母本表达亚基类型的再分配,无变异类型。与面包加工品质呈正相关的5+10亚基出现频率为35.13%。DH株系材料中1BL/1RS易位系类型的占54.05%,1、5+10优质亚基同时出现,且没有Sec-1表达的占15.20%,这些株系可作为新的面包小麦种质资源使用。采用半粒SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE法对育种早代的优异单株进行有效鉴定和选择,可以提高优质小麦育种效率。     

HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成及1BL/1RS易位对春小麦品质性状的影响

分析了221份春小麦品种（系）的HMW-GS、LMW-GS组成和1BL/1RS易位状况,并用其中104份品种（系）研究了HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异及1BL/1RS易位对品质性状的影响。结果表明,1、7+9、5+10、GluA3a和GluB3j分布较广,频率分别为57.5%、45.2%、63.8%、29.0%和42.5%。1BL/1RS易位系相当普遍,西北春麦区和东北春麦区频率分别为44.3     

小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL新易位系的创制和分子细胞遗传学鉴定

利用普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种小偃6号与黑麦（Secale cereale L．）品种德国白粒杂交，选育出一批带有黑麦抗病性状的小偃6号类型种质材料。应用连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交（sequent C-banding-GISH）技术对上述材料进行染色体组成分析，筛选出2个小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL纯合易位系BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1。其中，BC152-1-1（2n=42）除含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体外，未见其他染色体变异；BC01-89-1（2n=43）除含有1对1RS/1BL纯合易位染色体外，还附加1条两端缺失的3R染色体。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析和品质分析结果表明，BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1不仅含有来自小偃6号的14＋15优质亚基，而且其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS沉降值等品质性状都得到显著改良。     

利用揉面特性鉴定小麦1BL/1RS易位系

1BL/1RS易位系曾广泛用于小麦农艺性状改良,但对加工品质有明显的负面影响。利用404份F₅至F₈高代品系(试验I)和175份山东省主栽品种及高代品系(试验II),研究1BL/1RS易位对小麦揉面参数的影响,分析不同高低分子量蛋白亚基(HWM/LWM-GS)背景下1BL/1RS的揉面特性,探讨利用揉面特性鉴定1BL/1RS易位系的方法。结果表明,1BL/1RS易位系的揉面时间、峰值带宽及峰后1 min带宽显著低于非1BL/1RS易位系,而衰落角和带宽比(峰值带宽/峰后1 min带宽)显著高于非1BL/1RS易位系,说明1BL/1RS易位导致小麦的揉面特性显著变劣。易位系的揉面谱带的主要特征为峰后1 min谱带急剧衰落并变窄,带宽比显著增大,而非1BL/1RS易位系的峰后谱带衰落、变窄平缓或者稳定时间较长,带宽比较小。带宽比1.6可作为判断易位系的有效指标,即大于或等于1.6为1BL/1RS易位系,小于1.6为非1BL/1RS易位系,准确率达85.2%(试验I)和96.8%(试验II)。尽管优质HWM-GS背景对Glu-B3j(1BL/1RS易位系)的揉面特性有一定正向补偿作用,但品质特性仍显著劣于其他Glu-B3位点,带宽比表现尤为突出。因此,揉面特性不仅能测定育种材料的面团流变学特性,而且还能有效鉴别1BL/1RS易位系。     

1BL/1RS易位系对小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基遗传的影响初析

以1BL/1RS易位系小麦川农18(1, 7+9, 2+12)分别作母本和父本与川农19(N, 7+8, 2+12)杂交, 统计正反交F₂单株后代中1BL/1RS易位染色体所占的比例及HMW-GS的遗传规律, 研究了1BL/1RS易位染色体对HMW-GS遗传的影响。结果表明, 1BL/1RS易位染色体在雌配子和雄配子中都不能完全传递至后代, 且雄配子的传递率低于雌配子。HMW-GS在正、反交F₁中呈共显性遗传。在F₂中, Glu-A1位点上亚基的分离正常; 而Glu-B1位点上亚基的分离以及Glu-A1与Glu-B1位点之间的组合都与理论值不符。在川农19×川农18杂交F1中发现了一粒变异, 其HMW-GS组成为(1, 7+8, x+9, 2+12)。分别检测了其F₂代HMW-GS和醇溶蛋白的组成, 并用SSR分子标记分析了F₁变异和非变异株, 结果证实该变异粒确系两个亲本的杂交后代, 变异的亚基在SDS-PAGE电泳图上位于1Dx5和1Bx7亚基之间, 迁移率与1Bx6相似。     

Glu-1和Glu-3等位变异对小麦加工品质的影响

Glu-1位点等位基因编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和Glu-3位点等位基因编码的低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。用优质面包小麦中优9507的两个杂交组合，即中优9507/鲁麦5号和中优9507/晋麦45 F5代，澳大利亚优质面包小麦Sunstate的两个杂交组合，即Sunstate/济南16和Sunstate/鲁麦21 F2     

HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成对小麦加工品质的影响

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。以小麦品种PH82-2(亚基组成1, 14+15, 2+12和Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3c)和内乡188(亚基组成1, 7+9, 5+10和 Glu-A3a, Glu-B3j, Glu-D3b)的242份F₃和F₄株系(试验I)和91份产量比较试验材料(试验II)研究了贮藏蛋白组成对小麦加工品质的影响。结果表明,HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量的影响不大,但对加工品质均有极显著影响(P<1%)。就位点的效应而言,Glu-D1位点对加工品质的效应较大,而Glu-D3位点的效应较小。就单个亚基而言,在Glu-B1位点,14+15<7+9;在Glu-D3位点,Glu-D3c>Glu-D3b。1B/1R易位系的部分品质性状,如和面时间、曲线下降斜度和峰积分好于非1B/1R易位系。     

山西省中部地区主栽小麦品种的标记分析

【研究目的】山西省中部地区是山西小麦生产的重要地区,了解该地区目前主栽小麦品种的基因组成特点,对于进一步选育新品种具有重要的指导作用。【方法】采用SDS-PAGE方法对10个山西省中部地区主栽小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了分析,同时用黑麦1RS 上特有的醇溶蛋白标记对上述材料进行1BL/1RS易位检测,并进一步利用已经开发的小麦矮杆基因Rht8和PPO功能基因标记PPO18,分析了10个小麦品种的基因组成。【结果】结果表明,供试材料在编码HMW-GS 位点上具有较大的变异,其中晋太9923高分子量谷蛋白亚基评分为10分。携带有1BL/1RS易位的材料为4份,占供试材料的40.0%。Rht8基因的平均分布频率为70.0%,Ppo-A1b基因在参试品种中出现的频率达100%。     

小麦育种亲本材料Dx5、Bx14亚基及1BL/1RS易位的分子检测

为给小麦优质育种的亲本选配等研究提供参考,利用优质谷蛋白Dx5、Bx14亚基及1BL/1RS易位的特异性分子标记,对本课题组近年常用的38份杂交亲本材料进行了分子检测.结果表明,在引进品种和自育品种(系)中,含Dx5亚基的材料分别占16.0％和7.7％,含Bx14亚基的材料分别占16.0％和23.1％,1BL/1RS易位材料分别占24.0％和38.5％.与引进品种相比,自育品种(系)含Dx5亚基的材料很少,而含Bx14亚基和1BL/1RS易位的材料较多.总体来看,育种亲本含Dx5、Bx14亚基的材料较少,而含1BL/1RS易位的材料相对较多.因此,今后小麦优质育种中应重视含Dx5、Bx14亚基材料的引进和利用,合理使用1BL/1RS易位材料,并加强杂种后代的分子鉴定与选择.     

Allelic variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Loci of Glu-1 in Japanese common wheats

Seed storage proteins of 131 Japanese Norin wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine allelic make-up in varieties at each of three loci that control high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Three alleles were identified at the Glu-A1 locus, six at the Glu-B1 locus and five at the Glu-D1 locus. Twenty-four different, major glutenin HMW subunits were identified and each contained three to five subunits and seventeen different glutenin subunit patterns were observed for 19 subunits in the 131 Japanese Norin varieties. Fourteen alleles were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously found in hexaploid wheat. Japanese Norin varieties showed a specific pattern of allelic variation in glutenin HMW subunits, different from that of Chinese and other country common wheats in allelic frequency at Glu-1 loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦Glu-1位点变异和1B/1R易位对谷蛋白亚基表达量和面包加工品质的影响

选用北方冬麦区近年来育成的优质强筋品种及山东省主栽品种共42份, 采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)和凝胶色谱法(SE-HPLC)对小麦贮藏蛋白组分进行量化, 分析了不同高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成对其表达量、面团流变学特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明, Glu-D1位点对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的加性效应最大, 达5%显著水平, 贡献率为28.5%~71.3%。在Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点, 单个亚基对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的贡献分别为1>2*>N和5+10>2+12>4+12, 而在Glu-B1位点, 则表现为差异不显著。不同亚基组合的HMW–GS表达量差异达5%显著水平, 相同亚基组合的品种间贮藏蛋白组分表达量的变异较大, 亚基表达量的差异可能是导致品种间品质差异的重要原因。1B/1R易位显著降低LMW-GS、谷蛋白总量和%UPP, 导致加工品质变劣。选择具有优质亚基组合, 且谷蛋白亚基表达量高的类型, 是有效改良面筋强度, 进一步提高优质新品种选育的有效途径。     

311份小麦品种(系)优质麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为明确小麦品种(系)中优质麦谷蛋白亚基组成,筛选优质小麦品种资源,本研究以116份贵州省小麦品种(系)、195份省外小麦品种为供试材料,采用STS分子标记方法,对优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Ax2^*、Bx7^oe、By8和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3d、Glu-B3g进行分子检测,并利用近红外谷物品质分析仪测定311份材料的蛋白质含量,探讨了其与各个优质亚基间的相关性。结果表明:311份供试材料中,亚基Bx7oe、By8和Glu-B3g的分布频率分别为90%、78.14%和39.87%,优质亚基Ax2*和Glu-A3d分布较少,频率均为2.89%,不同优质麦谷蛋白亚基及组合对小麦蛋白质含量存在显著性影响,亚基Ax2^*和亚基组合7oe+8/A3d/B3g对蛋白质含量的贡献最大。本研究结果为改良小麦面筋质量、准确筛选优质种质资源提供依据。     

强筋小麦分子标记多重PCR体系的构建与应用

面筋强度与小麦高低分子量谷蛋白亚基种类(组合)密切相关。以12个已知亚基基因组成的品种为对照,选用基因(位点)Axnull、Bx7^OE、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3的标记,构建多重PCR体系。以该体系检测对照的结果与已知基因型完全一致,一次PCR可同时间接检测7个与强筋有关基因(位点)Ax1/Ax2^*、Bx7^OE、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3。对62个陕西小麦品种的检测结果表明,优质强筋亚基基因(位点)Ax1/Ax2^*、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3的比例依次为56.5%、9.6%、33.9%、1.6%和64.4%,所有品种均不含Bx7^OE,携带0、1、2和3个及以上基因(位点)的品种分别占6.5%、33.9%、48.3%和11.3%。说明聚合多个强筋亚基基因(位点)的品种频率较低,通过优质亚基基因的聚合育种,可望改善陕西小麦品种的面筋品质。本研究所构建的强筋小麦分子标记检测的多重PCR体系检测结果稳定且可靠,可用于小麦种质资源的快速评价和强筋小麦分子辅助选育。     

Allelic composition and associated quality traits of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glu-1</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glu-3</Emphasis> loci in selected modern Ethiopian durum wheat varieties

Gluten protein determines the processing quality of both durum wheat and bread wheat. The glutenin subunits compositions and associated quality traits of 20 Ethiopian durum wheat varieties were systematically analyzed using SDS-PAGE and Payne numbers. A total of 16 glutenin patterns were identified. At the Glu-A1 locus, all varieties scored the null allele. The predominant glutenin alleles at the Glu-B1 locus were Glu-B1b (7+8) and Glu-B1e (20). In Glu-3, the most abundant glutenin subunits were Glu-A3a and Glu-B3c. Based on the Payne scores, the varieties Yerer, Ginchi, Candate, and Foka were identified to have allelic composition suitable for pasta making. The cluster analysis using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) method classified the varieties into four similarity classes. Based on the findings of this experiment, suggestions were made for allelic composition improvement through introgression of superior alleles from known Glu-1 and Glu-3 sources.     

The HMW glutenin suhunit composition of bread-wheat varieties bred in Pakistan

A total of 50 bread-wheat varieties bred in Pakistan were characterized for the composition of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS). The glutenin subunits, as revealed by sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were numbered according to Payne's numbering system and, varieties were accordingly assigned theoretical quality scores. All varieties were found to possess either subunit 1 or 2* coded by the A genome. Subunits 17+18 and 7 + 9 of the B genome and 5+10 of the D genome were predominantly found in this set of varieties. The frequency of the appearance of Glu-l alleles in the varieties was different from that seen in other countries, especially in terms of the absence of the ‘null’ form of the A genome and the presence of novel subunits at the Glu-Bl and Glu-Dl loci. The compositions of HMW-GS were generally of good quality, with more than 50% of the varieties achieving quality scores of 9–10 with a high (8.6) average score. The results in this study indicate that wheat varieties bred in Pakistan have a narrow genetic base in terms of HMW glutenin subunits. It appears that the breeders have been selecting wheat genotypes of glutenin subunits associated with good quality without knowing the actual composition of these subunits. The database established on the basis of these results is useful for wheat-improvement programmes aimed at varietal identification and breeding for good quality parameters.     

2··, a new high molecular weight glutenin subunit coded by Glu-A1: its predicted structure and its impact on bread-making quality

The suitability of wheat varieties for bread‐making depends on their glutenin subunits. The amino acid composition of these gluten building‐blocks have a strong influence on the rheology of the dough and, thus, on the suitability of the variety for bread‐making. This study reports a new x‐type high molecular weight glutenin subunit coded by the locus Glu‐A1 and named 2··. To investigate the impact of this allele on 10 quality parameters, a doubled haploid (DH) population of Triticum aestivum, segregating for Glu‐A1, was created. The statistical analysis demonstrates that, at Glu‐A1, the subunit 2·· is as favourable for quality as the subunit 2*. This is in accordance with results showing that the 2·· open reading frame still has the same number of cysteines as 2*. The small differences in the length of the central domain had no detectable effect on the elasticity, tenacity and baking quality, of the dough.     

小麦Glu-B1位点1Bx14+1By18新亚基对材料的创制及其对加工质量的影响分析

以小偃54为轮回亲本,以引进品种Prinqual为1Bx17+1By18的供体,培育高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）近等基因系,以期客观评价1Bx14、1By15、1Bx17和1By18等亚基（对）对小麦加工品质的贡献。近等基因系回交至BC₄代时发现一个1Bx17亚基不表达的重组体,该重组体经自交分离纯合后获得了携带新亚基对1Bx14+1By18且可稳定遗传的品系012912。采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）、酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）、小麦SDS微量沉降值和面粉揉面仪等方法。对小偃54和012912的谷蛋白及醇溶蛋白组成、总蛋白质含量、沉降值和揉面特性等指标进行了比较,结果表明,012912（1Ax1, 1Bx14+1By18, 1Dx2+1Dy12）与其轮回亲本小偃54（1Ax1, 1Bx14+1By15, 1Dx2+1Dy12）在谷蛋白成分上的唯一差别是以1By18替换了小偃54的1By15亚基,且1By18基因的表达量比小偃54的1By15表达量提高29%;012912品系的沉降值比小偃54高2.5 mL,揉面特性比小偃54好,说明1By18基因比1By15对面团加工品质的正向效应大。     

小麦地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基多样性分析

采用SDS-PAGE方法,对我国9个麦区的76份代表性地方品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成比较分析,并探讨其与环境因素(平均海拔、年平均降雨量和年平均温度)的相关性。结果表明,25.0%的品种具有异质性,分别包含2~4种不同HMW-GS组合;在Glu-1位点共检测到14个等位变异,其中Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1等位变异数分别为2、7和5;发现了3个新等位变异,包括Glu-B1位点2个和Glu-D1位点1个。所有等位变异构成16种不同的亚基组合类型,以(N, 7+8, 2+12)为主,频率为69.7%。在Glu-1位点上,不同麦区遗传多样性分布存在一定的不均衡性,年平均降雨量和年平均温度与麦区多样性指数呈负相关。推测环境压力可能是地方品种多样性地区分化的重要因素。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传变异及其与品质和其它农艺性状关系的研究

本研究应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了国内外757份供试材料的高分子量（HMW）麦谷蛋白亚基组成。共发现65种HMW亚基组成，其中53种为常见型，12种为罕见型。国外品种的亚基组合数多于国内品种，国内育成品种又多于国内地方品种。作者还发现了部分罕见亚基，即由Glu-D1编码的亚基2.2+12，2+10，2，12以及前人未曾发现的3个亚基。研究