Pricing Ways of Risky Investment Projects

Three ways are used to study the pricing ways of risky investment projects, namely discounting way of the end value, discounting way of cash flow and option pricing way. An example is given to study the practical use of the three ways which have different characteristics and constrained conditions. Compared with each other, it is found that option pricing way has a distinguished advantage, since this way involves the effect of the uncertainty of the value of enterprises on the value of equity, and solves the problem of the low valuation of the value of enterprises caused by the fact that the return of the first years is less than the return of the later years. At the same time, the effect of the change of capital structure on the value of equity is taken into account. Anyway, in some sides the three ways have the similar difficulties.     

Research on the Effectiveness of the Direct Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

This paper analyzes the industrial organization of public utility and its cause and synthetically researches government direct regulating pricing methods of public utility, mostly the static or dynamic cost mark-up pricing methods. It is indicated by the means of game theory and imperfect contract theory, under the conditions of imperfect information and the government's inferior position, It's impossible to develop the incentive mechanism to utility enterprise, makes low productivity in public utility. The inefficiency of the cost monitor and control is inevitable when the direct regulation pricing system be used. The thought of direct pricing methods is a mechanical obstruction to improve the effectiveness of public utility. It's the radical approach for the government to reform the regulation modes in order to improve the effectiveness and social surplus of public utility.     

Electricity Pricing Regulation in Demand Side Management

Time of use(Tou) price is one of the most efficient measure for modern demand side management(DSM).But a scientifically pricing is based on understanding the function of pricing mechanism and comprehensive analysis to social benefit.The authors develop a pricing model by game theory based on analysis of consumer's response to the time of-use price and analyze the pricing regulation of government for maximum social benefit.A conclusion is drawn,which suggests that government should let the electricity corporation to pricing, but just give a regulation on the average price level.     

Comparatively Research of Methods of Electricity Pricing at Transitional Period in China

With the reform toward power market processing, how to decide electricity price becomes a key problem which one power plant have to face. So in this paper, the authors show two ways to the problem, a pricing model by account and a pricing model by economics, then they analyze the cost structure and counting principle of three-electricity price, which is determined by the methods of repayment of capital with interest (RCI pricing), of the operation period (OP pricing) and of marginal cost (MC pricing). Then similarities and differences among these three pricing methods existing in the transitional period are examined by a case in china. The indicate that it is important and inevitable to reform RCI pricing, to popularize OP pricing and to transfer to MC pricing.     

江苏省农村公共投资现状及不同类型农村居民对公共投资期望的个案考察

在把握江苏农村公共投资现状基础上,通过个案调查对农村居民公共物品需求进行考察并提出相应政策建议。笔者研究发现,农村居民公共物品需求明显表现出“生产第一、生活第二”规律,不同类型农村居民对公共投资的期望不存在显著差异;虽多数农村居民认识到“投资非农产业收益较高”,但多数农村居民仍非常重视农业生产,对农业生产公共物品的政府投资抱很大期望;农村居民对公共物品的期望排序与宏观层面农村公共投资收益率大小次序基本一致,农村居民急需的公共物品也是政府投资收益率较高的公共项目。     

农村公共服务社区化模式：经验与启示——基于TX社区的调查与分析

对民政部极力推荐的TX社区调查表明,为增加农村公共服务数量、改善结构,建立公共服务供给的长效机制,弥补政府与市场的缺陷,必须发挥社区的平台作用,构筑农村公共服务社区化模式。文章介绍了TX社区公共服务社区化经验,并得出了几点启示：走“内源式”的发展道路,构建有效的公共服务社区化运作机制,积极运用社会资本,合理界定政府与社区权责边界。     

Does Public Infrastructure Affect Regional Performance?

Does public infrastructure affect state output? This paper uses both a Cobb-Douglas and a translog production function to examine the impact of public infrastructure spending on state output. Like labor and private capital, the stock of public capital is considered to be an input into the production process. The data are based on Alicia Munnell's work and were provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Unlike many of the earlier studies employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques, this analysis employs estimating methods that take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the data set. While these methods lend support to the public capitol hypothesis, there is evidence that studies relying on OLS have reported a coefficient on public capital that is upward biased. This paper, which controls for heterogeneity in the data, finds the coefficient on public capital to be smaller than that presented in previous studies. This finding has important policy implications. It indicates that while investment in public capital may have a positive impact on the private sector, this impact will be much smaller than predicted by previous studies.     

Model of Capital Asset Pricing with Asymmetric Information Structure

A capital asset pricing model and the corresponding investment strategy are investigated for the financial market with asymmetric information structure. Suppose that investors can be defined with three kinds: informed trader, under-reaction trader and over-reaction trader; all traders use Bayesian principle to modify their prior distributions. The anthors obtain the equilibrium price of the risky asset in the short run and the rational investment strategy.     

养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响

为评价马铃薯养分专家系统在内蒙古马铃薯养分管理中的应用效果,在内蒙古马铃薯主产区武川县和乌兰察布市集宁区进行马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥定位试验。以农户习惯施肥（FP）和测土配方施肥（ST）为对照,同时设置养分专家系统推荐施肥处理（NE）、不施氮肥处理（NE-N）、不施磷肥处理（NE-P）及不施钾肥处理（NE-K）,研究马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量、养分利用效率以及经济效益的影响。结果表明,NE处理与FP处理相比,增产幅度可达4.22%~11.98%,与ST处理相比增产幅度为0.34%~10.02%;同时,NE处理氮肥利用效率较FP处理提高17.29%~23.00%,较ST处理提高6.21%~21.26%。本研究初步认为:通过优化推荐施肥量和施肥方法,在内蒙古马铃薯主产区养分专家系统可提高马铃薯产量和肥料利用率,同时有效降低化学肥料对马铃薯农田环境的污染风险。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区农业龙头企业融资及其扶持政策评价

为了优化金融资源,建设鄱阳湖生态经济区,支持农业龙头企业的发展壮大。以鄱阳湖生态经济区南昌县等七县(市)的农业龙头企业调研数据为依据,在分析农业龙头企业基本情况的基础上,运用SPSS软件对农业龙头企业融资因素进行主成分分析。结果表明,鄱阳湖生态经济区农业龙头企业融资及其扶持政策的评价依次为财政补贴、市场融资、税收减免、信贷支持。根据这一结论提出相应政策建议。     

近郊与远郊农户耕地投入偏好差异研究——基于云南省512户农户调查

农户对耕地投入的偏好,关系到耕地可持续利用与粮食安全。采用参与式农村评估方法,对云南省5对典型的近、远郊村512农户进行随机问卷调查,定量对比分析近、远郊村农户对耕地投入的偏好差异。结果表明：无论是劳动、机械、资金还是总投入,近郊村户均投入明显低于远郊村而地均投入则高于远郊村,近郊村耕地利用集约度比远郊村高;在耕地投入结构中,近、远郊村劳动投入均占绝大部分,但近郊村农户对劳动投入偏好强于远郊村而对资金投入偏好则弱于远郊村;对于耕地进一步投入意愿,大部分农户基本保持不变,但农户总体倾向于减少劳动力投入而增加资金投入,且远郊村比近郊村更为突出;农户总体趋向增加“好”质量耕地投入而减少“差”质量耕地投入,且远郊村比近郊村更为突出。应尽快采取措施促使农村特别是远郊村耕地顺利流转而扩大耕地流转规模,尽早实现耕地的规模经营与可持续性投入。     

Grey Cluster Analysis of Same Electricity Pricing in the Same Power Net in the City and Countryside in Chongqing Power Market

The economic difference in Chongqing municipality is very obvious.Chongqing must suit measures to local conditions to carry out this policy.The electricity pricing is the point of balance of the power market.The policy of same electricity pricing in same net interacts with the Chongqing power market.On the ground of Chongqing municipality power market,this paper classifies the cardinal index and sets up a grey index system including the gross domestic production,per capital gross domestic production,per capita income,power management system,population density,power consumption levle,social retail amount.Region division by means of grey cluster provides the base of decision making for the successful application of same electricity pricing in same net in Chongqing municipality.     

关于科学构建中国原料奶定价机制的探讨

针对中国原料奶价格不断波动的情况,本研究集中探讨了美国、日本、欧盟以及国内的上海和黑龙江在原料奶定价机制方面的做法和经验,认为中国的原料奶定价机制的构建应该以政府主导制定生产计划;建立按质定价体系;做好成本调查、监测预警和监督检查等工作。     

基于综合指数法的区域公共文化服务体系发展水平测评研究

为了研究区域公共文化服务评价指标体系的构建和山东省17地市基本公共文化服务发展状况,运用层次分析法构建了评价指标体系,利用综合指数测评法对山东省17地市公共文化服务建设水平进行了研究。将公共图书馆、艺术表演团体、艺术馆与文化馆、文化站、大众传媒、公共文化经费投入6个模块作为一级指标,每个模块分别选取若干二级指标,总共选取了27个二级指标构建了评价指标体系,对山东省17地市的公共文化发展状况进行了分模块测评比较和总体测评比较研究,研究发现山东省17地市公共文化服务总体发展较好,但是在进行分模块比较时,地区间差异较大,在进行综合测评时,这种地区间发展水平的差异明显降低,从中可以看出各地对公共文化服务建设侧重不同。     

基于熵权法的中国玉米产业系统安全度的模糊估算与分析

为了对中国玉米产业安全进行动态评价与变化趋势分析,采用基于熵权法和模糊综合评价法建立玉米产业系统安全综合评价模型,利用历史及预测数据对1999—2017 年玉米系统安全度进行估算,据此对中国玉米产业系统安全状态进行总体评价。结果表明：近年来中国玉米产业安全形势不容乐观,2007—2017 年中国玉米产业的安全状态波动加剧,玉米及其副产品进口量大幅增加,进口依赖性增强,国际资本对中国玉米产业股权控制加强则是影响玉米安全的主要因素。据此提出积极应对玉米产业外资进入、降低玉米进口国别依存度、努力掌握玉米贸易定价权等对策。     

水旱交叉选育抗旱高产小麦新品种的研究

在抗旱高产小麦新品种选育中，采用渐近杂交法使目标性状得到有效的组合，采用水、旱地交叉选育法，为杂种后代基因型的潜在遗传特性的充分表达和选择提供了条件，使自然选择、人工选择和定向培育三者紧密地结合在一起，加大了选择压力和频率，提高了选种质量和效率，提高了选种质量和效率，为选育抗旱、高产、稳产小麦品种提供了一种新方法。     

基于熵权的DTOPSIS法和灰色局势决策法在玉米品种区域试验中的应用探讨

良种是农业科技的重要载体,农作物品种区域试验是鉴定新品种丰产性、稳产性和适应性的主要途径。首次探索将基于熵权的DTOPSIS法和灰色局势决策法应用于玉米区域试验中,对2018年河南农科联合体的18个品种（含对照品种）进行综合评价。结果表明：两种评价方法对品种评价的排序结果差异不大,只有5个品种排名顺序稍有差异,差异最大的品种排名相差2个名次,其余4个品种仅相差1个名次,灰色局势决策法计算过程相对简单。同时还发现基于熵权的DTOPSIS法和灰色局势决策法在玉米综合评价中存在产量指标权重较低的问题。因此,根据现阶段玉米育种目标和生产实际需求,玉米区域试验品种评价时应采用多种品种评价方法相结合,在确保审定品种产量的基础上,降低品种在实际种植生产过程中的风险。     

农村公共产品的供给与需求——基于安徽省364份调查问卷的分析

农村公共产品的供给对新农村建设具有重大意义,农村公共产品的需求决定了农村公共产品供给的优先顺序。本文运用安徽省的抽样调查资料,对农村公共产品的供给状况和需求进行了统计描述和分析。研究表明,安徽省农村的基础设施条件较差,公共产品供给的缺口较大。农民对农村公共产品投资需求顺序依次为农村道路、农田水利、技术服务和培训、村庄改造、搞好村建设规划、幼儿园及小学建设、合作医疗及统筹养老保险等。因此,政府在进行公共产品投资决策时,应根据农民需求考虑投资优先顺序,有所侧重并逐步推进。     

Quality Contingent Pricing in Used Automobile Market

The problem concerning information asymmetry and quality uncertainty in the used automobile market of China has not been settled in a better way for years. Therefore, how to convey the signal of quality to the customers is of great value for used automobile dealers. On the basis of defining the probability of quality evaluation and for the purpose of achieving per expected revenue maximization, this paper builds a model of quality - contingent pricing and thus makes the optimal pricing and discount policy. In addition, this paper displays directly, through data analysis, the impact of the used automobiles pricing policy on the enterprise profits under the context of information asymmetry.     

成龄苹果树丰产优质栽培技术研究

1976—1986年试验结果,明确了稀植成龄苹果树冠光照分布及其与产量、质量的关系,为树形改造提供了理论依据,并认为“双层延迟开心形”是改造苹果稀植树冠的较好树形.提出了大、中型果的合理留果指标,并把一个小枝组作为疏花疏果的单位,使操作者易于掌握.明确亩产2500—3000公斤的丰产园所要达到的施肥水平和土壤肥力水平.为节约劳力、减少伤根和促进根系生长,提出以一面轮替沟施取代生产上普遍采用的环状沟施基肥的方法.还根据树势提出了相应的修剪措施.