中药防制肉鸡腹水综合征的初步研究

试验肉鸡分为5组,一组于常规温度下饲养,为正常对照组;其余4组以低温饲养诱发腹水综合征,其中一组不给任何药物,作为模型对照组,其它3组作为试验组,给予真武汤、姜术汤和苓桂术甘汤制剂.结果显示,低温饲养能明显提高肉鸡腹水发病率,真武汤和苓桂术甘汤的两个试验组腹水发病率明显低于模型对照组.腹水心脏指数及红细胞压积、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量指标显示,三个处方均能不同程度地改善腹水心脏指数及血液学参数,真武汤优于其它两个处方.     

两种钙颉颃剂对肉鸡肺动脉高压和右心肥大的影响

为了揭示肉鸡肺动脉高压的形成机理,为预防和治疗肉鸡腹水综合征提供理论依据,试验研究了两种钙颉颃剂硝苯地平和维拉帕米对肉鸡肺动脉高压和腹水肉鸡右心肥大指数的影响.结果表明:44日龄,硝苯地平组肺动脉压极明显低于低温组(P<0.01);28和36日龄,维拉帕米明显降低肺动脉压 (P<0.05);44日龄维拉帕米组肺动脉压极明显低于低温组(P<0.01).硝苯地平和维拉帕米可降低肉鸡腹水心脏指数.结果说明维拉帕米和硝苯地平降低了低温诱发的肺动脉高压和肉鸡腹水综合征的发生率,降低肉鸡腹水心脏指数,初步证实钙信号参与了肺动脉高压的形成.     

BQ123对肉鸡腹水综合征的预防作用研究

通过动态观察肺动脉压、红细胞压积、腹水心脏指数、肺小动脉中膜厚度占外径百分值(mMTPA)及管壁面积/管总面积(WA/TA)的变化,探讨高选择性内皮素A受体拮抗剂BQ123对低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征的预防作用。结果显示,BQ123能显著降低低温诱发肉鸡的肺动脉压、红细胞压积及腹水心脏指数(P0.05或P0.01);BQ123能显著减小低温诱发肉鸡的mMTPA及WA/TA(P0.05或P0.01)。结果表明,BQ123明显抑制了低温诱发肉鸡的肺动脉高压和肺血管重塑的形成和发展,对肉鸡腹水综合征具有明显的预防作用。     

卡托普利对腹水综合征肉鸡右心功能的影响

150只15日龄AA肉鸡随机分为常温组、低温组和卡托普利组,探讨卡托普利对腹水综合征肉鸡右心功能的影响。结果:卡托普利降低低温诱发肉鸡腹水的发生率;卡托普利降低低温诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压;卡托普利与低温组比降低肉鸡腹水心脏指数;28、36日龄和44日龄,卡托普利组右心室收缩压低于低温组(P0.05);28、36日龄和44日龄,卡托普利组右心室舒张压分别极低于低温组((P0.01)。本试验证明卡托普利可以降低腹水发生率和右心肥大,有效维护右心功能。     

苓桂术甘汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

将15日龄艾维茵肉鸡分成5组,一组在常温(21±1)℃下饲养,作为正常对照组(N);其余4组在低温(11±1)℃下饲养以诱发腹水综合征,其中模型对照组(C)不给任何药物,维生素组(V)饮水中添加VC(0.5 g/L)和VE(0.1 g/L),2个试验组(T1和T2)分别给予不同剂量(0.4和0.8 mL/kg bw)的苓桂术甘汤。结果显示,C组的腹水发病率、腹水心脏指数(AHI)、红细胞压积(PCV)、红细胞数、血红蛋白(Hb)及丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(-αHBDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)均显著高于N组;而3种抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]的活性则显著降低;2个试验组及V组的上述检测指数都得到明显改善,表明苓桂术甘汤能增强肉鸡的抗氧化能力,具有防治肉鸡腹水综合征的作用。     

c-Jun在肉鸡腹水综合征过程中肺动脉壁的表达变化及维拉帕米的干预研究

本试验研究低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征过程中肺动脉壁c-Jun的表达,及阻断钙信号对肺动脉壁c-Jun表达的影响和对肉鸡腹水综合征发生的干预情况,为肉鸡腹水综合征发生机制的研究提供基础。240只15日龄AA肉鸡分为对照组、低温组和维拉帕米组,15~50日龄每组随机取6只测定右心肥大指数,取肺组织做石蜡组织切片进行c-Jun免疫组化染色分析。结果显示,29~50日龄低温组肉鸡右心肥大指数较对照组和维拉帕米组明显升高(P0.05),低温组肉鸡20~50μm、50~100μm和100~200μm肺小动脉c-Jun阳性指数分别从22、29日龄和29日龄开始到50日龄极显著高于对照组和维拉帕米组(P0.01)。研究结果认为,低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征过程中不同直径大小肺小动脉壁cJun表达明显增强,阻断钙信号可明显抑制肺小动脉壁c-Jun的表达和肉鸡腹水综合征的发生。     

肺动脉高压与肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展的关系

２００只艾维茵商品代肉鸡常规育雏,１５日龄时随机分为两组,１００只在常规温度（２７～２３）℃下饲养,为常温组;１００只在低温（９～１１）℃环境中饲养,为低温组。利用右心导管法动态测定肺动脉压（ＰＡＰｍ）,并测定腹水心脏指数（ＡＨＩ）,统计各组腹水发生率。结果为：（１）分组后７、２１ｄ,低温组ＰＡＰｍ极显著高于常温组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;低温组腹水发生率显著高于常温组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。表明低温可引起肺动     

真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的防治作用

选用15日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡256只,随机分成C1、C2、T1、T24个处理组。C1组在常温(18~22℃)环境中饲养,饮水中不添加任何药物,为正常对照组;T1、T2和C2组在低温(8~12℃)环境中饲养。人工复制肉鸡腹水综合征(AS)模型,T1组饮水中按肉鸡体重添加真武汤口服液剂量为0.8 mL.kg-1(中药组);T2组饮水中添加维生素C和维生素E,剂量分别为0.5 g.L-1和0.1 g.L-1,作为药物预防组(维生素组),用药期均为20 d;C2组饮水中不添加任何药物,为模型对照组,以探讨真武汤口服液对肉鸡AS的预防效果。结果表明:整个试验期间,T1、C1组腹水发病率极显著低于C2组(P<0.01),T2组腹水发病率显著低于C2组(P<0.05),T1、C1组发病率最低,为3.13%,C2组发病率最高,为17.19%;C2组腹水心脏指数(AHI)极显著高于C1组(P<0.01),显著高于T1组(P<0.05);T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于C2组(P<0.05),同时T1组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于C2组(P<0.05)。结论:饮水中添加真武汤口服液,能提高机体抗氧化能力,改善血液组织中的理化参数,提高机体抗冷应激能力,明显降低腹水综合征的发生。     

低温及L—精氨酸对肉用鸡腹水综合征的影响

用高能日粮饲养400只1日龄AA肉用鸡，14日龄时保优淘弱，随机分为3组，其中100只为常温（20℃）对照组；150只为低温（11℃）试验组；100只为低温（11℃）及日粮添加10g/kgL-精氨酸试验组，用单因子低温诱发肉用鸡腹水综合征，并不于同时间用红细胞压积、腹水心脏指数和腹水阳性率作为常规指标来判定肉用鸡腹水综合征，结果表明，低温组复制出肉鸡腹水综合征动模型，其发病率为9．33％，对照组为3．00％，与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）；L－精氨酸组腹水综合征发病率为3．00％。与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

低温致肉鸡腹水综合征及用L-精氨酸的预防

40 0只 1日龄 AA肉鸡 ,14日龄时保优淘弱 ,随机分群 ,其中 10 0只为正常温度 (2 0℃ )对照组 ,15 0只为低温(11℃ )试验组 ,10 0只为低温 (11℃ )试验鸡日粮添加 1%L -精氨酸组 ,用单因子低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征 ,于不同时间分别用红细胞压积、心脏指数、腹水和心电图的各导联波幅变化判定肉鸡腹水综合征。结果表明 :环境温度为 11℃时 ,低温试验组肉鸡复制出腹水综合征模型 ,腹水综合征发生率为 9.33%、心脏指数 (RV/ TV)为 15 .3%(>0 .2 5 )、红细胞压积 (PCV)为 2 1.33%(>36 %)、心电图 导联 S波振幅为 0 .39m V和净增重为 0 .0 9kg,均显著地高 (低 )于正常对照组 (3%、4%、10 %、0 .0 8m V、0 .5 2 kg) (P<0 .0 1)。日粮添加 1%L-精氨酸的低温试验肉鸡腹水综合征发生率为 3%、心脏指数为 9%、PCV为 12 %、心电图 导联 S波振幅为 0 .17m V、净增重为 0 .5 2 kg,与低温试验组比较 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;与对照组比较 ,差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,说明 L -精氨酸能够增加肉鸡体重、降低腹水综合征的发生。     

患腹水综合征的肉仔鸡甲状腺素和器官相对重量变化的研究

240只1日龄雄性Cobb肉仔鸡随机地分为24组,每组10只。1~16组饲喂颗粒饲料,在4~7周龄时实施低温处理(13℃),来诱导腹水综合征(AS)的发生;17~20组为饲喂颗粒饲料的常温对照组;21~24组为饲喂粉料的常温对照组。结果表明,低温诱导的AS的发病率为33.89%,死亡率为19%。低温处理可使肉仔鸡体重及血清中甲状腺素(T4)浓度明显下降(P<0.05),而使肉仔鸡心脏的相对重量和血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)浓度明显上升(P<0.05)。患AS鸡的体重明显降低(P<0.05),心脏、肺、右心室及肝的重量占活体重的百分比明显升高,血细胞压积上升。由此可知,血清T3浓度的增高是腹水症发病的诱导信号,而T3和T4浓度的下降是腹水症的发生信号。     

Interactive effects of temperature and dietary supplementation of arginine or guanidinoacetic acid on nutritional and physiological responses in male broiler chickens

1. The aim of this experiment was to study the interactive effect of rearing temperature and dietary supplementation of arginine (Arg) or guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on performance, gut morphology and ascites indices in broiler chickens raised under the same condition in the first 2 weeks and then reared under normal (23–26°C) or subnormal (17°C) ambient temperatures for the next 3 weeks.

2. This experiment was conducted as a split plot with 900 Ross 308 male broiler chicks that were allocated to two houses (as main plots); each consisted of 5 treatments (as sub-plots) with 6 replicates of 15 birds. The 5 diets were (1) control, (2) control + 0.60 g/kg GAA, (3) control + 1.20 g/kg GAA, (4) control + 0.86 g/kg Arg and (5) control + 1.72 g/kg Arg.

3. Feed intake (0–35 d) of birds fed on a diet containing 1.2 g GAA/kg and reared under normal temperature was reduced compared to control fed birds. Birds fed on a diet containing 1.72 g/kg Arg and reared under subnormal temperature had higher weight gain compared to those fed on control or GAA-added diets in overall study period.

4. Supplementation of diets with Arg alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress as reflected by reduction in blood haematocrit (41% vs. 37%), and right ventricle to total ventricle ratio (0.28 vs. 0.25) at 35 d of age. Addition of Arg to the diet of birds reared under cold stress resulted in a higher jejunal villus surface area compared to those fed on control or GAA-added diets.

5. Findings of this study revealed that Arg or GAA supplementation of diets did not affect performance of birds under normal temperatures, but Arg supplementation of the diet significantly alleviated the adverse effect of cold stress on performance, gut development and ascites syndrome. In addition, GAA supplementation at 1.2 g/kg improved jejunal villus surface area in birds raised under subnormal temperature.     

不同药物对肉鸡腹水症防治效果及血液生化指标的影响

利用3组不同药物组成,观察了防治肉鸡腹水症的效果及对血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:腹水症肉鸡病理学改变主要表现心衰;肺郁血出血、水肿;肝变性、坏死;肾瘀血、水肿.肾小管坏死.还观察到在3个药物治疗组中以中药＋安钠咖防治效果最好.生化结果提示,3组药物均具有促进肝功能、血清白蛋白、总蛋白恢复正常的作用.     

Generation of hydroxyl radicals during ascites experimentally induced in broilers

Increased metabolic rates, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac dysfunction are the most important features of the ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. However, the mechanism of cell injury causing the pathogenesis of the syndrome is not clearly understood. Our study aimed to examine the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) in broiler chickens experiencing ascites. The hundred and fifty 1-d-old chickens were purchased from a local hatchery and reared in an open poultry house for 46 d. They were divided at random into three groups and ascites was induced in two groups by exposing them to low temperature or administration of triiodothyronine (T(3)). The third group served as control and was reared normally. Haematological, biochemical and pathological tests were used to determine the incidence of ascites: including total red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), release of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and ratio of right ventricular weight to total ventricular weight (RV/TV). A salicylate hydroxylation method was used to examine the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) in treated groups. TWo hydroxylated salicylic acid metabolites, 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2,3- and 2,5-DHBA), were measured by HPLC to detect the generation of OH*. An ascites syndrome was observed in T(3) and low-temperature treated groups, as shown by necropsy changes and increases in f RBC, PCV, ALT, AST and the ratio of RV/TV. Concentrations of 2,3- and 2,5-DHBA were increased in groups experiencing ascites compared to control group. It is suggested that reactive oxygen species that is OH* ions, may be involved in the pathogenesis of the ascites syndrome in broiler chickens.     

Beneficial effects of alternative lighting schedules on the incidence of ascites and on metabolic parameters of broiler chickens

The beneficial effects of different lighting programmes on the incidence of ascites was investigated in an experiment with 360 three-day-old male broiler chickens. At 3 days of age, chicks were randomly divided over three rooms in a high-altitude farm, 2000 m above sea level. During days 14 to 28 ambient temperature decreased during the night but the minimum temperature did not descend below 15 degrees C. In the first room the continuous lighting schedule (CL, 23L:1D) was maintained and in the second room an intermittent lighting schedule (IL, 1L:3D), repeated six times daily, was imposed from 3 days of age. In the third room, an increasing photoperiod schedule (IP, 4 to 14 days, 6L:18D; 15 to 21 days, 10L:14D; 22 to 28 days, 14L:10D; 29 to 35 days, 18L:6D; 36 to 42 days, 23L:1D) was provided. Mortality associated with right ventricular failure and ascites was numerically lower in birds reared under the IL and IP schedules compared to birds reared under the CL schedule, which can be attributed to the temporary reduction in relative growth and feed intake in IL and IP birds. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of lighting schedules could be due to a reduced metabolic rate as a consequence of the altered growth trajectory, as also reflected in the lower haematocrit and plasma T3 levels of IL and IP birds compared to CL birds.     

郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎治疗效果的研究

为了研究郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗效果,从张家口顺德猪场选取患有传染性胃肠炎的成年长白猪20头,随机分为郁金散加减方低剂量组、郁金散加减方高剂量组、西药组和对照组,每组各5头。郁金散加减方组每天灌服郁金散方剂,早晚各1次,低、高剂量组分别按6、7mL/kg体重给药;西药组每天灌服金刚乙胺,颈部皮下注射氟苯尼考,早晚各1次;对照组正常饲喂,不给药。7d后观察临床症状和生长性能,测定血常规、血清生化指标、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:郁金散加减方组和西药组病猪反应灵敏,体温正常,进食量增加,粪便恢复正常。低、高剂量组和西药组治愈率分别为80%、90%和60%,郁金散加减方的治疗效果优于西药治疗。与对照组相比,高剂量组能极显著提高猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(P<0.01);3个给药组均能极显著降低血尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)和白细胞数量(WBC)(P<0.01),极显著提高血清钾(K)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);高剂量组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于低剂量组、西药组和对照组(P<0.01)。表明郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎有较好的治疗效果,其中郁金散加减方高剂量组效果更好。     

复方中药水提物对腹水综合征肉鸡肝脏TGF-β1/Smad通路的影响

【目的】 研究转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β 1,TGF-β1)/Smad通路在肉鸡腹水综合征肝纤维化中的作用及复方中药水提物的防治机理。【方法】 选取健康Ross肉鸡258只,常规饲养至7日龄后,随机分为5组:空白组(C);模型组(M),低温、高脂和高蛋白饲料、高钠饮水的多因素法造模;复方中药水提物高、中、低剂量组(T1、T2、T3),在模型组基础上,每天饮水中分别添加2.0、1.0、0.5 g/kg复方中药水提物。观察临床症状和剖检变化,通过HE染色和Masson染色分别观察肉鸡肝脏组织结构变化与胶原纤维沉积,计算15、25、35、45日龄体重变化。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测各日龄肝脏中TGF-β1、转化生长因子β受体Ⅰ(transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅰ,TβRⅠ)、Smad2、Smad3和Smad7基因相对表达量;利用ELISA法检测各日龄肝脏中TGF-β1、TβRⅠ蛋白含量。【结果】 与空白组相比,模型组肉鸡腹部膨大、触压有波动感;腹腔内有大量淡黄色液体,肝脏充血肿胀、质脆,表面有瘀血点;肝脏组织结构紊乱,炎性细胞浸润,胶原纤维大量沉积,肝脏发生纤维化;体重极显著降低(P<0.01);除15日龄TβRⅠ蛋白外,肝脏中TGF-β1、TβRⅠ基因mRNA相对表达量与蛋白含量均极显著或显著升高(P<0.01;P<0.05),Smad2、Smad3基因mRNA相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),Smad7基因mRNA相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,复方中药水提物组的肉鸡上述结果均有不同程度改善,且高剂量组作用效果最显著。【结论】 肝纤维化参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的发生发展,机制与TGF-β1/Smad通路相关;由黄芪、当归、丹参、茯苓等制成的复方中药水提物可以调控TGF-β1/Smad通路,抑制肝纤维化的发生,可有效防治肉鸡腹水综合征。     

栀子四黄散抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的研究

为探索栀子四黄散对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS）的治疗效果,本研究将45头组随机分为对照组、病毒组及中药高、中、低剂量组5组,每味中药400目超微粉碎后分别添加饲喂接种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的试验猪,连续饲喂14 d,每日观察临床症状,7、14和21 d时随机采集5组血清样品进行细胞因子检测,并进行病理剖检和采集肺脏样品进行病理组织切片观察。结果显示,添加中药7 d后临床症状均减轻,中剂量和高剂量组第14天时体温恢复正常,呼吸困难症状消失,食欲恢复,中药治疗组肺脏未见肉样变,肺脏表面有出血点或出血斑。中剂量组肺泡间隔增厚,轻度淤血,肺实质轻度炎性细胞浸润。病毒组猪血清中IgG和γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）含量逐渐降低,白介素-10（IL-10）含量逐渐上升。添加中药的3组血清中IgG含量均高于病毒组,并且IgG含量均随时间延长逐渐上升,中剂量组血清中IgG含量均极显著高于对照组和病毒组（P<0.01）;添加中药的3组IFN-γ含量逐渐上升,14和21 d时中剂量组血清中IFN-γ含量均极显著高于对照组和病毒组（P<0.01）;中剂量组血清中IL-10含量逐渐降低,14和21 d时与病毒组差异极显著（P<0.01）,与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,栀子四黄散可有效改善试验猪临床症状、病理变化和细胞因子的分泌,中剂量组效果最好。本研究为中药防治PRRS提供了试验依据。