世界鱼粉、鱼油的产销最新发展现状

本文叙述了近年来世界各国鱼粉和鱼油的产销新变化，侧重了对日本、秘鲁、智利及中国等国鱼粉鱼油产销变化及加工鱼粉、鱼油原料鱼的海洋捕捞渔获量和对现有资源量的鱼类进行了较系统的分析，并对当今鱼粉、鱼油国际市场上的贸易量及行情进行了论述。     

秘鲁成为拥有国际鱼粉鱼油协会负责任生产供应标准认证公司最多的国家

<正>日前,国际鱼粉鱼油协会宣布,秘鲁10家鱼粉鱼油企业通过负责任生产供应标准。10家企业在鱼粉鱼油生产管理方面处于领导者地位,能够提供负责任的产品供应。当一些国际公司寻找能够提供安全、可追溯、具有良好管理的渔业产品时,这些公司可以与之进行业务合作。根据国际鱼粉鱼油运营总监Jorge Mora所言,10家企业通过全球负责任生产供应标准,让秘鲁成为拥有认证公司最多的国家。"智利像丹麦和冰岛一样,可以     

世界渔业信息

2010年世界渔业产量预测 预测2010年世界渔业产量为1.44亿吨,其中约3000万吨很可能将制成非食用的鱼粉和鱼油。     

蒸煮机结构的改进

在湿法全鱼粉生产过程中,蒸煮是一个十分重要的工序。原料蒸煮夹生,使鱼肉中水分和脂肪在下道压榨工序中不易与固相物分离,榨饼中的脂肪和水分含量就多;原料过熟,汁液量增大,榨饼数量就相应减少。这两者对鱼粉生产均不利。作为湿法全鱼粉生产主要设备的蒸煮机,其工作性能的优劣,将直接关系到鱼粉的质量和成品鱼粉的得率,并影响鱼油的提炼。     

奇美兴莊水泉:一步一脚印踏足全中国

奇美兴贸易有限公司成立于1999年,为GrobestGroup(台湾全兴集团)于中国广东省设立的第一家经营水、畜产饲料的原料销售公司。公司从事饲料原料销售已有十余年的历史,主要经营美国、俄罗斯、新西兰、阿根廷、智利、秘鲁等地的高级进口鱼粉,2009年鱼粉销售量达到3.5万t、鱼油8000t。除了贸易公司外,还设立有饲料厂和鱼油厂,拥有自己的品牌饲料、鱼油。     

配合水产饲料中鱼粉和鱼油的使用全球概览

2006年12月到2007年10月间全球问卷调查结果显示,估算2006年水产养殖业消耗掉372．4万吨鱼粉（占2006年全球鱼粉总产量的68．2％）和83．5万吨鱼油（占2006年全球鱼油总产量的88．5％）,或者按照鱼的投入与鱼的产出之比为0．70,则相当于1660万吨中层饲料小鱼（用原料鱼加工鱼粉产出率为22．5％,原料鱼加工鱼油产出率为5％）。在种群层面上,养殖鱼或甲壳类动物的每单位产出所需投入的中层原料小鱼计算显示,从1995年到2006年,所有养殖的鱼种,鱼的投入与产出之比率逐步减少,肉食性鱼类减少得最为惊人,     

第二届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会在山东荣成召开

本刊迅7月5—6日,第二届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会在山东省荣成市召开,相关政府部门、专家学者、鱼粉鱼油生产商和饲料生产企业代表及新闻媒体共计400余人参加了会议。本次会议由中国水产流通与加工协会主办、中国水产流通与加工协会鱼粉鱼油分会承办的大会,中国水产流通与加工协会常务副会长崔禾主持。据了解,今年全球鱼粉价格跌宕起伏、变化莫测,如何在挑战与机遇并存的环境中站稳脚跟并取得更大的     

崔和：中国鱼粉鱼油产业急需重组整合--第二届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会举办

7月5日，第二届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会在山东荣城石岛宾馆召开，全国各地鱼粉鱼油生产加工企业、饲料企业、贸易商、物流及金融等多个领域共400多人参加会议。本次会议以“产业整合，挑战与机遇”为主题，就国际、国内鱼粉鱼油行业发展趋势，鱼粉生产、检测以及饲料企业鱼粉采购等话题进行了探讨。     

首届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会于大连召开

本刊讯(郝向举报道)为分析鱼粉鱼油最新行情变化和供求状况走势,为产业界搭建权威、便捷的信息发布和合作交流平台,协助企业规避市场风险,引导产业持续健康发展,6月28～29日,主题为"引领产业发展,交流合作共赢"的首届中国鱼粉鱼油产业大会在辽宁大连举办。农业部党组成员张玉香致辞,大连市、旅顺口区、大连海洋大学等相关领导出席会议。大会紧紧围绕"国际鱼粉鱼油产业分析、国内鱼粉鱼油发展趋势、鱼粉鱼油市场走势"三大主题,邀请了国     

沙特阿拉伯与巴基斯坦渔业合资

沙特阿拉伯一家渔业公司和巴基斯坦巴赫里基金会合作投资49，600万卢比成立一个合资渔业公司，在巴基斯坦200海里水域进行深海拖网作业。该公司能够每年为出口6，900吨鱼、230吨虾，以及生产1，840色鱼粉和160吨鱼油。     

鱼类标志技术的研究进展

鱼类标志技术已在鱼类种群密度、死亡与补充、生长和生产力等研究中广泛应用，并已成为鱼类种群估算、资源评估、以及洄游与分布调查的重要手段。本文对近年来国内外在鱼类标志技术方面已取得的进展及未来的发展方向进行综述与讨论，并对各种标志技术的应用效果进行了总结，以期为我国鱼类标志技术的应用与研究起到促进作用。     

高不饱和脂肪酸（HUFAs）在淡水鱼类中的营养作用研究进展

鱼粉、鱼油资源的短缺促使全球水产养殖业积极寻找其替代原料,而探究鱼粉、鱼油与其替代物之间的差异尤为重要,其中最主要的差异就是高不饱和脂肪酸(highly unsaturated fatty acids,HUFAs)是否存在及其含量多少。HUFAs是一类碳原子数目≥20、双键数≥3的脂肪酸,具有为动物提供能量、构成细胞膜组分、形成高生物活性物质、调控脂质代谢和免疫功能等重要作用,主要存在于鱼油和某些类别的微藻中。淡水鱼类具备自身合成HUFAs的能力,因此,一般认为HUFAs不是淡水鱼类的必需脂肪酸,无需通过饲料提供。但已有研究指出,饲料中添加一定量的HUFAs能够对淡水鱼类产生积极的营养作用,表明淡水鱼类的脂肪酸营养理论尚需进一步完善。本文综述了HUFAs在淡水鱼类生长、脂质代谢、健康免疫、繁殖特性等方面发挥作用的相关研究结果,明确提出淡水鱼类需要摄取一定水平的外源性HUFAs,指出在当前淡水鱼饲料中普遍使用HUFAs相对缺乏的蛋白源和油脂源的背景之下,HUFAs对淡水鱼类的作用应受到关注。最后,本文对今后淡水鱼类HUFAs营养的研究方向,以及新的HUFAs油脂源的开发前景进行了展望。     

First step of non‐fish meal,non‐fish oil diet development for red seabream, (Pagrus major), with plant protein sources and microalgae Schizochytrium sp

A feeding experiment was conducted to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil diet for red seabream by using plant protein source and Schizochytrium meal which is rich in 22:6n‐3 (DHA). Three iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic experimental diets were prepared (CP 41.2% ± 0.4%, CL 16.4% ± 1%). Control diet contained both fish meal (40%) and fish oil (6%). In the second diet, fish meal was replaced by plant meals (soy protein concentrate, soybean meal, corn gluten meal) [FO]. In the third diet, fish meal and fish oil were replaced by algae meal (Schizochytrium sp. powder) and plant proteins [AO]. Duplicated groups of juvenile red seabream (8.8 g ± 1.5) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks to near satiation. There was no statistical difference among treatment in specific growth rate. Feed conversion ratio of AO diet group was higher than that of control. In wet basis, whole body protein level was significantly higher in AO diet than FO group while lipid content was lower than control group. In fatty acid profile, AO group had significantly lower 18:4n‐3, 20:4n‐3, 22:5n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) level, but significantly higher 18:3n‐3 and DHA level than the other two diet fed fish. The results might suggest that further developments in microalgae diet offer a promising lipid source of n‐3 PUFA as essential fatty acid on marine fish. And it showed possibility to develop non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil feed for marine aquaculture fish by using microalgae.     

Non‐fish meal,non‐fish oil diet development for red sea bream,Pagrus major,with plant protein and graded levels of Schizochytrium sp.: Effect on growth and fatty acid composition

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimal formulation level of algae meal, which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in a non‐fish meal diet. Six iso‐nitrogenous (450 g/kg) and iso‐lipidic (130 g/kg) experimental diets were prepared. The control diet was formulated with fish meal (400 g/kg), fish oil (60 g/kg), plant protein sources (220 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (50 g/kg). Plant protein sources (soy protein concentrate, soybean meal and corn gluten meal), rapeseed and fish oil were formulated in the second diet (NFM + FO). In the third diet, fish oil of the NFM + FO diet was replaced by rapeseed oil (NFM + NFO) and designated as the negative control. In the other three diets, rapeseed oil in the NFM + NFO diet was replaced with algae meal (Schizochytrium sp. powder) at 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg and 150 g/kg (AM5, AM10 and AM15, respectively). Triplicate groups of juvenile red sea bream (8.8 g) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks near satiation. The growth was lowest in the fish fed NFM + NFO diet. This was improved by the formulation of algae meal, which reached the growth level of the NFM + FO group in the AM10 group. The lipid content of the whole fish body in the NFM + NFO group was significantly lower than those of other groups. The fatty acid profile showed significant differences among dietary treatments. DHA content in total and polar lipids of the whole body and liver was highest in the AM10 and AM15 groups. These results reconfirm that microalgae are a suitable lipid source for the replacement of dietary fish oil for marine fish, and the optimal level was estimated as 50 g/kg?100 g/kg in diet.     

鱼蛋白的综合利用途径1.鱼粉

就有关低值鱼及水产加工废弃物中鱼蛋白的开发研究及应用情况做系列介绍,本文就低值鱼蛋白主要利用形式即鱼粉进行了分析和讨论。     

利用鲜杂鱼代替进口鱼粉制作配合饲料养鱼效果的初步试验

本文报道利用当地鲜杂鱼全部代替进口鱼粉制成的配合饲料进行池塘养成鱼的试验。试验结果是投喂野杂鱼饲料平均亩产383．9kg，亩成本为1576．5元，亩产利58．78元，饲料转换率为58．01％,饲料投产比为3．72，比当地进口鱼粉饲料成本降低19％，亩成本降低15．5％。但单产略低于鱼粉饲料组。     

Aurantiochytrium sp. meal can replace fish oil in practical diets for the juvenile Pacific white shrimp

This study evaluated the use of microalgae (Aurantiochytrium sp.) meal as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a clear‐water system. Dietary treatments at five replacement levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were performed in triplicate. After 46 days, only a slight difference in shrimp final weight was observed among treatments (0.61 g). An increase in final weight was observed with replacement of up to 50% fish oil for microalgae meal, while the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 44.7%. Feed conversion rate (FCR) of animals fed a diet of Aurantiochytrium sp.meal to replace up to 50% fish oil decreased, and the optimal percentage of replacement estimated was 49.3%. The fatty acids profile in shrimp muscle tissue demonstrated an increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 10.03% to 14.28% with increased replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal in the diet. Therefore, the partial replacement of fish oil by microalgae meal resulted in improved shrimp growth and FCR, and total replacement of dietary fish oil had no negative effects on these parameters. In addition, inclusion of microalgae meal raises the level of DHA in shrimp muscle.     

4种豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、抗氧化及抗菌能力的影响

分别用9种等氮等能的饲料投喂初始体质量为(34.72±0.28)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)。其中1组投喂对照饲料(含50%鱼粉,不含豆粕),另外8个试验组分别投饲由去皮豆粕(DSM)、酶解豆粕(ESM)、发酵豆粕Ⅰ(FSMⅠ)和发酵豆粕Ⅱ(FSMⅡ)替代20%和40%的鱼粉的饲料,9组分别命名为FM、DSM20、DSM40、ESM20、ESM40、FSMⅠ20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20、FSMⅡ40。在海水浮式网箱中进行7周的养殖实验后,评定4种豆粕替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜替代水平。结果显示,试验组与对照组鱼存活率和特定生长率无显著差异(P0.05)。血清生化指标显示,FM组和FSMⅡ20组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其它试验组(P0.05),FM、DSM20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于DSM40、ESM20、ESM40及FSMⅠ20组(P0.05),不同试验组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均不同程度高于对照组。酶解豆粕替代40%鱼粉导致实验鱼的血清对哈维氏弧菌的抵抗能力下降,去皮豆粕替代20%鱼粉导致血清对溶藻弧菌抵抗能力下降;但发酵豆粕不影响血清及黏液对3种菌的抵抗能力。研究表明,以特定生长率、饲料转化率和抗菌能力为评价指标,发酵豆粕是鱼粉的最佳替代源,发酵豆粕Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能替代20%~40%的鱼粉,但存在抗氧化能力下降的风险,尤其是发酵豆粕Ⅰ40%替代组;去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉在抗菌能力和抗氧化能力方面无优势。     

日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响

本实验探讨以猪肉粉为动物蛋白源的草鱼日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油以补充鱼类所需的部分生长因子,对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响,以期达到节约鱼粉的目的。在实用配方模式下,设计6种等氮等能饲料,分别是添加6%猪肉粉(6P)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉(3P3SW)、6%鱼溶浆粉(6SW)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(3P3SW2O)、6%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(6SW2O)和6%鱼粉(6F,对照)。在池塘网箱中饲喂(80.0±2.0)g的草鱼72 d。结果表明,6P和6F在SGR、FCR、PRR、ERR和HSI方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加鱼溶浆粉后,3P3SW、6SW与6F相比,SGR提高了9.1%～9.6%,FCR下降了8.5%～11.2%,差异显著(P<0.05),但3P3SW和6SW无显著差异(P>0.05),同时,在PRR、FRR和ERR方面,3P3SW、6SW均有一定程度提高。添加鱼油后,3P3SW2O、6SW2O和3P3SW、6SW比,SGR分别下降了9.7%、15.4%,FCR分别上升了6.9%、31.1%,除3P3SW2O和3P3SW的FCR之外,其余差异显著(P<0.05);在PRR和ERR方面,3P3SW2O、6SW2O均有一定程度下降;同时,3P3SW2O、6SW2O的FRR和肝脏粗脂肪含量都出现不同程度增高,HSI增大,血清TBA、CHOL、HDL和LDL与肝脏粗脂肪呈现出相同趋势,且上述指标均是6SW2O组最高,与其余各组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。此外,在对饲料中游离氨基酸和生物胺与FCR和SGR的相关性分析中,发现游离Lys、Tau和Put与FCR和SGR的Pearsion相关系数都大于0.8,且符合二次函数关系。因此,鱼溶浆粉对草鱼的促生长作用优于鱼粉,在无鱼粉日粮中添加少量的鱼溶浆粉能满足草鱼需求,节约鱼粉用量,这种促生长作用与饲料中游离Lys、Tau和Put的关系密切;由于鱼油促使脂肪在体内和肝脏沉积,加重肝脏脂质代谢负担,加上其易氧化变质特性,限制了它在水产饲料中的使用。     

Effects of fish oil and partial fish meal substitution with oilseed oils and meals on growth performance, nutrient utilization and health of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of dietary fish meal and fish oil with oilseed meals (soybean or canola) and canola oil on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, diet digestibility and hematological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Seven diets were used; the control diet (designated FM) contained fish meal and fish oil as the main protein and lipid sources. For the experimental diets, 40% of fish meal protein was substituted with soybean meal, canola meal or a soybean/canola meal mixture, and these diets (designated SM, CM and SCM, respectively) contained fish oil as the lipid source. Three additional diets (SM?+?CO, CM?+?CO and SCM?+?CO) were formulated with the same vegetable protein meals but with fish oil replaced by canola oil. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 11?weeks. The growth of fish fed the CM?+?CO diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed the FM, SCM, SM?+?CO and SCM?+?CO diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better in fish fed the FM and SCM?+?CO diets than in fish fed the CM and CM?+?CO diets. Furthermore, feed intake was significantly lower for fish fed the CM?+?CO diet than in fish fed the SCM diet, and lipid digestibility of the CM?+?CO diet was significantly lower than that of all other diets. No significant differences of body composition were observed. Circulating leukocyte levels, leukocyte ratios and serum lysozyme activity remained unaffected by dietary treatment. However, it was observed that fish fed the CM?+?CO diet displayed hematocrit levels significantly lower (P?<?0.05) than that of fish fed the other diets. The results indicate that when diets contain either fish oil or canola oil, canola meal and soybean meal can be incorporated into rainbow trout feeds at a combined 32% inclusion level (replacing 40% of fish meal protein) without inducing significant negative effects on growth, nutrient utilization or health.