发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长和血清生化的影响

为探讨发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)生长和血清生化的影响,该研究以鱼粉(fish meal,FM)为基础蛋白源配制了5组饲料[分别添加0%(FM)、25%(FSM25)、50%(FSM50)、75%(FSM75)和100%(FSM100)的发酵豆粕(fermented soybean meal,FSM)替代鱼粉]。为消除限制性氨基酸的影响,分别添加0%、0.10%、0.22%、0.35%和0.45%的赖氨酸及0%、0.14%、0.27%、0.41%和0.54%的蛋氨酸。结果显示,FSM25和FSM50组的增重率、特定生长率、肥满度和采食量与FM组无显著差异(P0.05),FSM100组饲料系数显著高于FM组(P0.05)。发酵豆粕各组的肌肉水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量与FM组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。FSM75和FSM100组血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量分别显著高于和低于FM组(P0.05),FSM100组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于FM组(P0.05)。FSM75和FSM100组肝脏IGF-1和GH基因表达量显著低于FM组(P0.05)。综上,在添加限制性氨基酸条件下,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉不超过50%不会对卵形鲳鲹产生不利影响,根据回归曲线得出最佳替代水平为17.5%。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫相关酶及免疫相关基因表达的影响

从免疫相关酶活及基因转录水平角度探讨发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾健康生长及免疫机能机制的影响。实验设置5种实用饲料,以30%鱼粉组(FM)为对照组,分别用4%(FSM4)、8%(FSM8)、12%(FSM12)和16%(FSM16)的发酵豆粕,替代9.7%、19.4%、29.1%和38.8%鱼粉,分为4个处理组,饲养体质量为(7.62±0.23)g的凡纳滨对虾60 d后,统计生长性能,检测肌肉营养成分、血清及肝胰腺免疫相关酶活性,肝胰腺HSP70和鳃Toll受体、IMD、溶菌酶(LZM)免疫相关基因m RNA的表达水平。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾成活率无显著影响;过低或过高水平的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉皆会影响凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率。(2)除FSM12组外,肌肉粗蛋白含量发酵豆粕替代组均低于对照组;粗脂肪含量随着发酵豆粕替代量的升高而降低,FSM16组最低。(3)血清谷丙转氨酶活FSM4和FSM16组显著高于对照组;谷草转氨酶活FSM4组最高,而FSM8组最低;除FSM12组外;碱性磷酸酶活性发酵豆粕替代组显著高于对照组;除FSM16组外,血清总蛋白与肝胰腺丙二醛含量发酵豆粕替代组与对照组无显著性差异。(4)随着发酵豆粕替代量增加,鳃Toll受体m RNA表达呈上升趋势,鳃IMD m RNA表达则呈先升后降趋势,发酵豆粕替代比例过高会降低鳃LZM m RNA表达水平,而肝胰腺HSP70 m RNA表达量则随着发酵豆粕替代比例增加呈上升趋势。综上所述,发酵豆粕适量替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能无显著影响,并可提高免疫相关酶活,改变免疫相关基因的表达。本实验条件下适宜发酵豆粕用量为8%~12%;替代量过高,会引起机体的过度应激。     

豆粕影响日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗饲料中发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果：生长、抗氧化能力以及生化指标

为研究日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)黑仔鳗饲料中发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果及豆粕的可能作用,设置5组实验饲料:以含有60%鱼粉和5%豆粕的T0组为对照组,分别使用10%(T10组)和20%(T20组)的发酵豆粕替代对照组中鱼粉的11.6%和23.3%,并在此基础上再分别用4.5%的发酵豆粕替代T10组和T20组中全部的豆粕设置成T14.5组和T24.5组。在水泥池的网箱中饲养初始体质量为(0.405±0.003) g的日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗76 d。结果显示:5%豆粕含量不变的条件下,随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,特定生长率、增重率和存活率逐渐升高;发酵豆粕替代豆粕后,T10组特定生长率、增重率和存活率显著高于T14.5组(P<0.05),T20组特定生长率、增重率和存活率高于T24.5组但差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗肌肉的粗蛋白含量呈现先减少后增加的趋势,粗脂肪则相反。试验组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于对照组,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性除T14.5组外均显著高于对照组;T10组MDA含量显著低于T14.5组。随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,肝脏中的T-AOC、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现逐渐上升的趋势,MDA含量则相反,ALT、AST活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLB)含量随发酵豆粕用量增加而增加;在鱼粉用量相同时,含有5%豆粕比不含豆粕的试验组有更高的血清TP以及GLB含量。以上结果表明:饲料中用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉可以提高日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗的生长性能、血清和肝脏抗氧化能力及肝功能,且最佳用量为20%;豆粕影响发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果,含5%的豆粕比不含豆粕有更好的替代效果,但效果因发酵豆粕用量而异。     

发酵豆粕、肉骨粉及其混合物替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响

为探究2种蛋白源单一和混合替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响,实验用发酵豆粕（FSM）、肉骨粉（MBM）和发酵豆粕+肉骨粉（FSM+MBM）混合物（1:1）等蛋白替代基础饲料（含鱼粉350 g/kg）中150 g/kg的鱼粉,使鱼粉含量降为200 g/kg,共配制成4种等氮等脂的实验饲料,记为FM（对照组）、FSM、MBM和FSM+MBM组,投喂初始体质量为（21.2 ± 0.1）g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示,与对照组相比,各替代组的增重率均无显著差异,但FSM组的增重率显著低于FSM+MBM组。此外,FSM组的饲料系数较对照组和MBM组显著升高。各组在全鱼成分（水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分）和干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率以及蛋白质沉积率上无显著差异,而FSM组的蛋白质效率和脂肪沉积率显著低于对照组。此外,FSM组的血清谷草转氨酶显著增加,而血清总抗氧化能力以及超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性显著降低。在前肠形态学方面,各替代组的绒毛宽度均显著低于对照组,FSM组的绒毛高度、肌层厚度以及绒毛长度显著高于对照组。以上结果表明,在鱼粉含量为350 g/kg的饲料中,肉骨粉、发酵豆粕+肉骨粉混合物可以有效替代150 g/kg的鱼粉（鱼粉含量降至200 g/kg）,不会影响大口黑鲈的生长性能、营养物质利用率、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫和肠道健康,发酵豆粕+肉骨粉混合物替代鱼粉的效果优于发酵豆粕。本研究结果可为大口黑鲈饲料中蛋白源的开发和低鱼粉饲料的配制提供依据。     

发酵豆粕和酶解鱼粉对刺参免疫力的影响

研究在饲料中按一定比例添加发酵豆粕和酶解鱼粉对刺参幼苗(Apostichopus japonicus)酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。于投喂后第60d后检测ACP、AKP、LSZ与SOD活性。结果显示,总体上分析用发酵豆粕替代豆粕比用酶解鱼粉替代鱼粉对刺参幼苗ACP、AKP的影响要显著。单独分析单一因素,各添加组ACP、AKP活性较不添加组均有不同程度的升高,其中用发酵豆粕替代100%大豆粕组与用酶解鱼粉替代50%鱼粉组效果最佳。发酵豆粕组与酶解鱼粉组对LSZ活性的影响没有显著差异。其发酵豆粕各个替代组较不替代组LSZ的活力都有不同程度的升高,其中替代75%组最为明显(P0.05)。酶解鱼粉各个替代组较不替代组也有不同程度的升高,但差异不显著。总体上分析发酵豆粕组与酶解鱼粉组对SOD活性的影响没有显著差异。两者不同替代组较不替代组SOD的活性都有不同程度的升高,但都不显著。研究表明发酵豆粕和酶解鱼粉替代饲料中的大豆粕和鱼粉对刺参幼参的免疫力都有不同程度增强作用。     

大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中白鱼粉与两种豆粕的适宜配比

用8种等氮、等能和等脂的饲料,以实验鱼的生长、体组成、饲料效率、非特异性免疫和血液学参数作指标,评定大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕分别替代白鱼粉的可行性和适宜配比。在4水平的去皮豆粕饲料(D1～D4)和酶解豆粕饲料(E1～E4)中,白鱼粉和两种豆粕的配比均分别为45∶5、40∶12、35∶18和30∶25。用上述8种饲料饲喂初始体质量(5.32±0.05)g的大口黑鲈,每饲料设3个重复,每重复35尾鱼。采用表观饱食投喂,每天饲喂2次(8:00和16:00)。结果显示,各组之间实验鱼的成活率和特定生长率无显著性差异。但当去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕在饲料中的含量分别高于5%和12%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著降低。随着饲料中白鱼粉含量从45%降低至30%,饲料的蛋白质和脂肪消化率显著升高;同时,全鱼、肌肉和内脏的蛋白质和水分含量均呈显著降低,但脂肪含量却显著升高;肝体比和肝糖含量显著降低;实验鱼的血清溶菌酶活性和血清蛋白质含量显著降低,但血清补体活性无显著差异;红细胞压积和血红蛋白含量均显著降低,但红细胞数差异不显著。实验表明,大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中白鱼粉与去皮豆粕的合适配比为45%和5%,而白鱼粉与酶解豆粕的合适配比为40%和12%;豆粕经酶处理后能去除其中的部分抗营养因子,可替代饲料中11%的白鱼粉。     

酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长和主要代谢酶活力的影响

用酶解豆粕替代基础饲料中0、20%、40%、60%和80%的鱼粉,配制5种等氮等能的饲料(HSM0、HSM20、HSM40、HSM60、HSM80,其中HSM0为对照组)。研究了酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)幼鱼生长、体组成、消化和代谢的影响。结果显示:1)HSM40组幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高(P0.05),HSM80组增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著降低(P0.05),酶解豆粕替代40%以上时显著提高了幼鱼的摄食率。2)HSM40组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著升高(P0.05),HSM40~HSM80组全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于其余组(P0.05),HSM40和HSM60组全鱼粗灰分含量显著高于其余组(P0.05),各试验组肌肉氨基酸含量差异不显著(P0.05)。3)HSM80组胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活力显著降低(P0.05);脂肪酶活力在替代量大于60%时显著降低(P0.05),各组淀粉酶活力无显著差异(P0.05)。4)各试验组谷草转氨酶活力与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),HSM80组谷丙转氨酶、脂肪酸合成酶活力显著降低(P0.05),HSM20和HSM40组葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活力显著升高(P0.05)。综合考虑,酶解豆粕可替代60%的鱼粉而不降低珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长,在替代量为40%时促进生长。     

暗纹东方鲀饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的营养生理效应及其与大豆抗原蛋白的相关性

选择体质量为(39.84±3.09)g暗纹东方鲀,分为8组,分别饲喂等氮等能的高鱼粉组、低鱼粉组、低鱼粉发酵豆粕组、低鱼粉豆粕组4组实用饲料和添加大豆抗原蛋白的半纯化饲料(大豆抗原蛋白含量分别为0%、5%、8%和12.5%),进行为期两个月的生长实验,探讨大豆抗原蛋白对暗纹东方鲀生长和生理生化的影响。结果显示,用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉发酵豆粕组生长性能显著优于低鱼粉组,用豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉豆粕组与低鱼粉组无显著差异。半纯化饲料中随着大豆抗原蛋白含量增加,生长率呈现先增后降趋势;实用饲料和半纯化饲料对肌肉组成有不同程度的影响;在肝脏丙二醛、总抗氧化能力和血清丙二醛指标中,低鱼粉豆粕组显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组则与低鱼粉组无显著性差异,半纯化饲料系列在8%组出现峰值,显著高于其他组。低鱼粉豆粕组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组与低鱼粉组相比无显著性差异,半纯化饲料组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶呈现先增后减趋势。研究表明,与豆粕替代鱼粉相比,用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉更能促进鱼体生长;大豆抗原蛋白是影响豆粕替代鱼粉效果的重要因素,但对生长、抗氧化性能和生理生化指标的影响则因大豆抗原蛋白的含量与单独存在与否而异。     

酶解豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和消化酶的影响

试验旨在研究酶解豆粕蛋白替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、饲料利用及消化酶的影响。选用初始体质量为(1.10±0.02)g的健康对虾,随机分成5组,饲养在0.5 m~3的玻璃纤维钢桶中,分别投喂酶解豆粕蛋白(0、7.40%、14.80%、22.20%和30.20%)替代基础配方中鱼粉(0、25%、50%、75%和100%)制成5组等氮等脂的饲料,试验时间为56 d。试验结果显示投喂25%和50%的酶解豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉的凡纳滨对虾增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率等无差异统计学意义(P0.05),替代25%组和替代50%组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明,凡纳滨对虾饲料中酶解豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉的比例不宜超过50%。     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对斑点叉尾鮰消化酶活性的影响

以发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉,饲养平均体重为1.1g的斑点叉尾鮰42d后,研究了发酵豆粕对斑点叉尾鮰生长和消化酶活性的影响.结果显示:发酵豆粕替代25%、50%、75%鱼粉组斑点叉尾鮰增重率、特定生长率比对照组稍高(P>0.05),饲料系数与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);替代100%的鱼粉时,这些指标与对照组也没有显著性差异;试验组斑点叉尾鮰胃蛋白酶活性与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶活性随着替代比例的提高而呈不明显的上升趋势(P>0.05);各试验组鱼淀粉酶活性均高于对照组,其中以替代50%鱼粉组最高,但差异不显著(P>0.05).     

Effects of partial substitution of dietary fish meal by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,amino acid and biochemical parameters of juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal protein with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, amino acid profile, body composition, morphological parameters, activity of antioxidant and digestive enzymes of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) juvenile. Five isonitrogenic and isolipidic diets were prepared with levels of 0 (control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 g kg^?1 FSM. Triplicate groups (40 fish per tank) of juvenile black sea bream with initial weight of 1.17 ± 0.04 g were hand‐fed to visual satiation at three meals per day for 8 weeks. The fish fed diets containing different levels of FSM had no significant differences regarding survival and specific growth rate compared with control group. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed diet containing 320 g kg^?1 FSM were significantly lower than those of control group. Daily feed intake and daily protein intake of fish fed diet containing 240–320 g kg^?1 were significantly higher than those of control group. Hepatosomatic index and condition factor of fish were not affected by different dietary FSM level. Fish fed diets containing 240–320 g kg^?1 FSM had significantly higher visceral somatic index than control group. Whole body proximate and amino acid compositions of fish were not affected by dietary FSM level. The activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine was not affected by dietary FSM level. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver was significantly higher for fish fed the diet containing 160 g kg^?1 FSM compared with control group. This study showed that up to 40% fish meal in the diets of juvenile black sea bream could be replaced by fermented soybean meal with supplementation of methionine, lysine and taurine.     

Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.     

利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代饲料中鱼粉对苏氏圆腹鱼芒摄食、生长和饲料利用的影响

摘要：通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕作为苏氏圆腹鱼芒 （Pangasius sutchi）饲料中鱼粉替代蛋白源的潜力。配制了7种等氮、等能饲料，其中基础饲料含45%鱼粉，按等量蛋白替代的原则，在其余6种饲料中分别添加31%和46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%和75%，或添加20%和40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%，或添加19%和39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%。实验中所用的苏氏圆腹鱼芒初始体重为11.3 g。实验结果表明：添加豆粕将饲料中鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%，添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%，对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积（Hct）未产生显著不良影响。添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降，添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR和鱼体能量储积率下降，添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct明显下降。上述结果显示，可通过添加豆粕（31%）将苏氏圆腹鱼芒 鱼种饲料中鱼粉含量降低到23%，或通过添加菜粕（20%）和棉粕（19%）将饲料中鱼粉含量降低到34%。     

Effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by differently processed soybean meals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and activity of intestinal brush border enzymes in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) in the diet of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with differently processed soybean meals on growth performance; apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs); the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the brush border digestive enzymes: leucine amino peptidase, maltase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; and the fish morphometric and flesh quality. European sea bass with an initial average body weight of 187.8 ± 1.4 g, were fed either a FM based (control) diet or a soy replacement isoproteic, isolipidic and isocaloric diet. The treatments consisted replacing FM protein by: 25% toasted, dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE25); 50% dehulled and toasted soy seeds subjected to dry extrusion and mechanical oil extraction (ME50); 50% enzyme-treated soybean meal (ET50) and an inclusion of 60% composed of 30% toasted, dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal and 30% enzyme-treated soybean meal (SE + ET/60). ADCs values of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and gross energy did not significantly differ between ME50 and SE + ET/60 but both of them were inferior to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Compared with the control FM-based diet, only the group that consumed the ME50 diet had lower specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and gross protein retention efficiency values (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio did not differ between the FM-based control group and all other soy derivate groups (P > 0.05). In order to gain more insight on the effects of the diet on fish growth, activity of the brush border enzymes was measured. No significant differences were found in leucine amino peptidase and maltase activities, between the control group and the other soy derivate groups. The activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was significantly higher in the upper section in fish that consumed the control diet compared with fish that consumed the soy derivate diets. Yet, the main activity of this enzyme was found in the lower intestinal section. In all the soy derivate diets except for the SE25 diet, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower than its activity in the control diet. Feeding diets that include various types and levels of soybean derivatives did not affect the whole body composition and slaughter yield but significantly reduced liver weight. The results show that in methionine supplemented diets, FM can be replaced in terms of protein by 25% SE, 50% ET or 60% soy composed of 30% SE and 30% ET without hampering fish performance. The inclusion of 50% protein from ME resulted in significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization.     

Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili

The availability of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal was evaluated in juvenile (450 g on average) yellowtail fed diets containing several levels of soybean meal (from 20 to 50%). After 153 days, liveweight averages were 980, 925, 795 and 670 g for fish fed diets in which fish meal was partially substituted with 20, 30, 40 and 50% soybean meal, and feed conversion ratios were 2.79, 3.09, 4.57 and 6.52, respectively. Regression analysis showed a negative effect of inclusion of soybean, although fish fed diets containing 20% and 30% of soybean did not present statistical differences and grew significantly more, and had a better feed conversion ratio, than fish fed 40 or 50% diets. Likewise, muscle protein level was lower and lipid content was higher in fish fed 20 or 30% soybean. No differences were obtained for protein digestibility coefficients of experimental diets.     

The replacement of fish meal with fermented soya bean meal or soya bean meal in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The present study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with soya bean meal (SM) or fermented soya bean meal (FSM) on growth, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal histology of Pacific white shrimp. The basal diet (control) contained 18% FM, and then, FM in basal diet was replaced by 1/6 (17%), 1/3 (33%) and 1/2 (50%) by the inclusion of SM and FSM, referring to SM17, SM33, SM50, FSM17, FSM33 and FSM50 respectively. The shrimp (3.0 g) were fed one of the seven diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that the control group had the highest weight gain (WG) (653.8%) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.61). SM33, SM50 and FSM50 groups showed significantly lower WG, crude protein (CP) digestibility, hepatopancreatic protease, amylase activity and higher FCR than the control (p < .05). The villi height of SM33, SM50 and FSM50 groups and the intestinal wall thickness of SM groups and FSM50 group were significantly lower than those of the control (p < .05). In conclusion, fish meal (18%) in white shrimp diet could be replaced by 1/6 (17%) and 1/3 (33%) with SM and FSM respectively. Fermented soya bean meal could replace more fish meal than soya bean meal did.     

不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验

分别采用脱皮豆粕、大豆蛋白、发酵豆粕等大豆产品,等氮替代饲料中10%的鱼粉(对照组鱼粉35%,替代组鱼粉25%),饲养体重为0.06 g南美白对虾(Penaeus vannam eiBoone)一个月,结果表明,对照组(35%鱼粉)幼虾的增重率、成活率均最大,为1316%、97.5%;脱皮豆粕组幼虾的增重率为最低,仅783%;哈姆雷特大豆蛋白、比多福大豆蛋白、富肽蛋白(发酵豆粕)组幼虾增重率为1033%、983%、1050%,均显著高于脱皮豆粕组(P<0.05),但低于对照组(P<0.05);对虾体肌肉成分的分析显示,各组幼虾肌肉在水分、蛋白质含量方面没有显著差异。上述结果表明,大豆蛋白和发酵豆粕均为优于脱皮豆粕的鱼粉替代品。     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.