禁捕初期长江下游鱼类群落现状分析及禁渔效果初步评估

为了解禁捕初期长江下游鱼类群落结构特征,实验于2021年春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对长江下游鱼类群落进行4次调查。结果显示,实验共采集鉴定鱼类84种,分属10目18科63属,其中47.62%为鲤科鱼类。以物种数和多样性指数分析群落多样性特征,结果表明长江下游鱼类多样性水平较高,但鱼类种类较历史记录偏少。单因素方差结果显示,鱼类种类数、种群数量和重量空间差异显著,季节差异不明显。群落优势种为光泽黄颡鱼、鳊、鲢、短颌鲚、贝氏?等9种。4种摄食功能群中,肉食性(47.62%)和杂食性(40.47%)鱼类物种比例较高;洄游习性方面,淡水定居性鱼类占绝对优势(76.19%);3种栖息水层类型中,底层鱼类物种数比例较高(46.43%)。大型经济鱼类占总量比例低,但个体相对较大,因而相对重要性指数(IRI)更高。长江下游鱼类多样性指数为3.28,水域鱼类多样性水平较高。长江下游鱼类个体小型化、低龄化现象依然存在,长江十年禁渔实施后,禁渔效果初步显现,鱼类物种数、多样性指数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量均有所增加。建议进一步加强禁捕期科研监测,加大监管力度,保障长江下游鱼类资源得以有效恢复,巩固禁捕成效。本研究可...     

饮用水水源地盐龙湖鱼类群落结构特征及调控策略研究

为探明饮用水水源地盐龙湖鱼类群落结构特征,于2015年10月-2016年10月对盐城市饮用水水源地盐龙湖的鱼类群落结构特征及其物种多样性进行了多网目复合刺网和电捕的调查研究。结果显示:盐龙湖现有鱼类6目9科36种,其中鲤形目种类最多,为27种,占物种总数的75%。群落优势种均为小型鱼类,分别占总渔获量和渔获物个体总数的65.87%和76.67%。主要优势种为似鳊(Pseudobrama simony)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、■(Hemiculter leucisculu)、短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)。代表物种多样性特征的Shannon-Wienner多样性指数(H_N)为2.08,Wilhm改进指数(H_W)为2.30,Simpson优势度指数(λ)为0.21,Piesous均匀度指数(J)为0.59,Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)为4.49;相对稀有种数(R)为63.89%。这些结果表明:盐龙湖鱼类群落结构简单、小型化形势严峻,且食鱼性鱼类鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、翘嘴鲌(Channa argus)和乌鳢(Culter alburnus)等密度和生物量偏低,无法对小型鱼类进行有效控制。因此,水源地湖泊中应采用提高食鱼性鱼类生物量的经典生物操纵手段对鱼类群落进行调控,以利于生态系统健康和水质保护。     

长江下游镇江和畅洲北汊江段鱼类群落多样性研究

在和畅洲北汊开展鱼类资源调查评估,丰富鱼类资源本底资料,为长江中下游流域鱼类生物多样性保护及加强镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区就地保护工作提供科学依据。2015年2月至2016年1月,采用定置张网采集渔获物,每月监测2 d,每天放网24 h。结果显示,共采集鱼类48种,隶属7目13科38属,以鲤形目和鲈形目占优,分别占总种类数的74.47%和10.20%;鱼类生态类型以淡水定居性、杂食性、中下层占优;群落优势种为鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simony);渔获物规格以单尾均重50 g以下的鱼类占优;基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为：丰富度指数(R) 5.67,Shannon-wiener指数(H’) 2.68,优势度指数(D) 0.12,均匀度指数(E) 0.30;聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序表明,调查江段鱼类群聚在不同时间段内存在差异,鱼类群落结构存在极显著差异,同时种间的分离程度高。     

高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征

为了解高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征,采用三层刺网和单目地笼网鱼类采样工具,于2019-2020年在该湖泊设置的5个点位进行4次调查,鉴定了渔获物种类,分析了鱼类生态类型和群落结构特征指数。结果显示:高邮湖鱼类24种,隶属20属7科6目。淡水性、肉食性和中上层鱼类为优势生态型。鲫(Carassius auratus)、大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)、鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和鲢(H.molitrix)为高邮湖优势种。平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.45,Pielou均匀度指数为0.61,Simpson优势度指数为0.6,Margalef种类丰富度指数为1.91。与历史资料相比,鱼类群落多样性和丰富度指数有所提高,但群落结构受干扰程度较高。Cluster聚类和nMDS平面图显示,高邮湖不同空间的鱼类多样性差异较小;而与其北部入湖口河流水域相比,鱼类群落结构差异显著。过水性高邮湖的鱼类多样性高于河道,但总体上鱼类物种多样性处于较低水平。     

鄱阳湖湖口鱼类资源现状调查

2014年5月-12月对鄱阳湖湖口县水域鱼类资源进行逐月调查,对该水域鱼类种类组成、渔获物结构、优势种、群落多样性指数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)进行分析。结果显示,在鄱阳湖湖口水域共采集鱼类52种,隶属于7目12科40属;优势种分别为鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳙(Aristichys nobilis)和光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus),占样本个体总数的61.34%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(Hi)为2.59,Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)为6.09,Pielou均匀度指数(J')为0.65,Simpson优势度指数(λ)为0.87,相对稀有种数(R)为97.87%;该水域定置网CPUE为1.10~6.21 kg/d,与湖口水位呈显著正相关(P0.05)。鄱阳湖湖口水域渔业捕捞个体以小型鱼类居多,洄游型鱼类的幼鱼补充群体数量极少,鱼类群落多样性指数有上升趋势。     

三峡水库高、低水位下开县汉丰湖鱼类资源变化特征

2012年10-11月三峡水库高水位期以及2013年5-6月三峡水库低水位期调查了汉丰湖的鱼类资源,研究三峡水库高、低水位下汉丰湖鱼类种类组成、优势种类、生物多样性以及群落相似性,并对不同水位下汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的扰动特征和增殖放流情况进行了辨识和探讨。共采集到鱼类17 553尾,42种,隶属于4目7科31属。其中三峡水库低水位时采集到鱼类33种,高水位时采集到鱼类34种。汉丰湖优势种类在三峡水库低水位时为银鮈Squalidus argentatus、似鳊Pseudobrama simoni、歺又鱼Hemiculter leucisculus、蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus mongolicus和鲤Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio;在三峡水库高水位时为似鳊、鲤、鲫Carassius auratus、张氏歺又鱼Hemiculter tchangi和鲇Silurus asotus。汉丰湖鱼类Shannon-wiener多样性指数(H’)、Simpson优势度指数(D)、Pielous均匀度指数(E)和Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)在三峡水库低水位时分别为1.63、0.67、0.46和3.52;在三峡水库高水位时分别为2.15、0.80、0.61和4.34。三峡水库低、高水位时汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的Bray-Curtis相似性仅为26.52%,喜缓、静水生境的银鮈、张氏歺又鱼、鲤、歺又鱼、鲫、鲇、似鳊和蒙古鲌是群落结构差异的主要种类,累积差异贡献率为90.67%。汉丰湖鱼类群落在高水位时受到中等程度的干扰,而在低水位时受到严重干扰。建议每年均放流鲢、鳙、草鱼并进一步加大放流规模。     

北江鱼类群落结构多样性及其演替趋势

为了解北江鱼类群落结构状况,结合1981-1983年北江鱼类调查数据分析其演替趋势,于2014-2016年对北江5个采样点进行逐月的鱼类资源调查,共采集鱼类86种,隶属于11目25科64属。其中鲤形目49种,鲈形目14种;鲇形目10种,鲱形目4种。其余脂鲤目、颌针鱼目、鳉形目、合鳃目、鲑形目、鲻形目以及鳗鲡目种数均少于5种。北江鱼类群落以定居性、杂食性种类为主。与历史数据相比,鱼类种类减少,洄游性、半洄游性鱼类所占比例下降,定居性、杂食性鱼类所占比上升,鱼类群落组成偏向小型化、低龄化。群落多样性分析表明,相同生境类型河段的鱼类物种相似性较高,上游鱼类多样性高于下游。河道水利、过度捕捞和生境退化是北江鱼类群落演替的主要原因。     

网围拆除后东太湖鱼类群落结构及生物多样性研究

分别于2019年4、7和10月对网围拆除后东太湖原网围养殖区和非养殖区的鱼类资源进行调查,研究网围拆除后东太湖的鱼类群落结构及生物多样性特征.结果表明,网围拆除后,东太湖采集到鱼类39种,分别隶属于4目10科31属,其中鲤科鱼类占比最大,达66.67％.原网围养殖区与非养殖区在种类组成、优势种上有一定差别:原网围养殖区...     

秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状调查

为了解秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源现状,分别于2014年4、8、11月调查了黑河库区和上游水源地流域鱼类组成及其多样性。结果显示:调查共发现鱼类3目5科14属15种。其中鲤形目2科11属12种,占总种数80%;鲇形目2科2属2种,占总种数13.3%;鲑形目1科1属1种,占总种数6.7%。流域内优势种鱼类有拉氏(Phoxinus lagowskii)和秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok),稀有种有中华鳑鲏(Roodeus sinensis)、高体鳑鲏(Roodeus ocellatus)和黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)。黑河库区(海拔549 m)鱼类物种多样性高,群落结构稳定,而上游流域(海拔649~1 323 m)鱼类物种多样性急剧降低,群落结构脆弱。     

珠江水系北江鱼类群落多样性及其演替

摘要：2014-2016年对珠江水系北江5个采样点进行逐月鱼类多样性调查,共采集鱼类86种,隶属于11目25科64属。其中鲤形目49种,鲈形目14种,鲇形目10种,鲱形目4种。其余脂鲤目、颌针鱼目、鳉形目、合鳃鱼目、鲑形目、鲻形目以及鳗鲡目种数均少于5种。北江鱼类群落以定居性、杂食性种类为主。与历史资料相比,鱼类种类减少,洄游性、半洄游性鱼类所占比例下降,定居性、杂食性鱼类所占百分比上升,鱼类群落组成偏向小型化、低龄化。群落多样性分析表明,相同生境类型河段的鱼类物种相似性较高,上游鱼类多样性高于下游。河道水利、过度捕捞和生境退化是北江鱼类群落演替的主要原因。     

摄食配合饲料的鱼密度和EM菌对蚌鱼综合养殖系统中浮游植物的影响

通过93 d围隔实验比较了增加摄食配合饲料的鱼(草鱼和银鲫)密度和添加EM菌对三角帆蚌、草鱼、银鲫、鲢和鳙综合养殖系统中浮游植物群落和初级生产力的影响。采用2×2实验设计,设4个处理:LF0(20尾草鱼+10尾银鲫)、LFA(20尾草鱼+10尾银鲫+EM菌)、HF0(40尾草鱼+20尾银鲫)和HFA(40尾草鱼+20尾银鲫+EM菌)。所有处理中三角帆蚌、鲢和鳙密度相同,均为每个围隔内40只蚌、8尾鲢和2尾鳙。实验期间围隔内不换水,每天分2次投喂配合饲料;定期向LFA和HFA围隔内泼洒EM菌。结果显示,围隔内出现浮游植物超过81种,分别隶属7门、32科、73属;实验前期浮游植物优势种为微囊藻和栅藻,后期转为微囊藻、平裂藻和腔球藻;浮游植物生物量平均为3.2×108～8.3×108个/L;摄食配合饲料的鱼密度和EM菌对浮游植物种类组成和多样性无显著影响,但高密度草鱼和银鲫组(HF0和HFA)中浮游植物生物量和群落呼吸强度较高,初级生产力较低;添加EM菌可降低蓝藻在浮游植物生物量中的比例,增加初级生产力。研究表明,在蚌鱼综合养殖中放养摄食配合饲料的鱼密度不宜过高。     

Man-induced Changes in the Freshwater Fish Fauna of Israel

Changes in Israel's freshwater fish fauna during the past 50 years were caused by: (1) introduction or transfer of foreign and native species for culturing, development of fishery resources in Lake Tiberias and reservoirs, and ecological control; (2) land reclamations; and (3) utilization of water reserves for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. The exotic fishes that reproduce naturally in inland waters are Gambusia affinis, Cyprinus carpio, Sarotherodon niloticus and Basilichthys bonariensis. A population of Salmo gairdneri inhabits the upper reaches of the Jordan River, but it is doubtful if it reproduces. Non-naturally reproducing exotic species include: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Aristichthys nobilis. These species are, however, artificially reared and propagated. The reclamation of Lake Hulah brought to near extinction Tristramella simonis intermedia. Pond culture and the construction of the national water carrier contributed to the spreading of several species into new areas; among them mugilids, Sarotherodon aureus and its hybrids with Sarotherodon niloticus. Due to wise management policy, the introduction of exotic fishes into Israeli waters proved to be economically advantageous without causing ecological disturbances.     

罗氏沼虾不同养殖模式对水体浮游生物的影响

通过围隔实验比较罗氏沼虾不同养殖模式对水体浮游生物的影响。实验设置6种养殖模式:罗氏沼虾单养(MP)、罗氏沼虾+浮萍(水面覆盖率5%)(PP)、罗氏沼虾+鲢(PF)、罗氏沼虾+背角无齿蚌+鲢(PMF)、罗氏沼虾+背角无齿蚌+浮萍(PMP)、罗氏沼虾+背角无齿蚌+浮萍+鲢(PMPF)。养殖64 d后,测定不同模式中浮游植物和三大类浮游动物(轮虫、枝角类及桡足类)的种类和数量。结果显示,上述6种模式中浮游植物共同优势种有4种,但优势度指数最大的浮游植物不同,MP组是锥囊藻属,有浮萍的PP和PMP组均为细小平裂藻,混养鲢的PF、PMF和PMPF组均为针杆藻。不同养殖模式无共同的浮游动物优势种。养殖模式对浮游生物密度具有显著影响,PF组浮游植物密度最高,MP组浮游植物密度最低,PF组浮游植物密度比MP、PP和PMP组分别高78%、53%和61%。相反,浮游动物密度MP组最高,PF组最低。混养鲢的PF、PMF和PMPF组浮游动物密度显著低于其他3组。研究表明,罗氏沼虾养殖中混养鲢可增加浮游植物密度而降低浮游动物密度,浮萍和鲢影响池塘优势种。     

Parasitic fauna of farmed freshwater ornamental fish in the northwest of Iran

Ornamental fish farming is globally a key sector of aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to report on the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish from seven farms in the East Azerbaijan province in northwestern Iran. Between November 2020 and February 2021, a total of 600 freshwater ornamental fish of six species, including goldfish (Carassius auratus), angel (Pterophyllum scalare), guppy (Poecilia reticulata), dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia), swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), and cichlid (Cichlasoma sp.) were collected for parasitological analysis. Six ciliate protozoan species (Trichodina mutabilis, Trichodina nobilis, Trichodina spp., Heteropolaria lwoffi, Ichthyophthrius multifiliis, and Chilodonella spp.), three species of monogenean trematodes (Dactylogyrus dulkeiti, Dactylogyrus spp. and Gyrodactylus spp.), two species of crustacean arthropods (Lernaea cyprinacea and Argulus japonicus), and a nematode (Capillaria spp.) were identified among the examined fish. Parasites were detected in the fish from 5 of 7 farms, with an overall parasitic prevalence in 26.33% (158/600) of the fish. Fish infection rates with protozoans, monogenean trematodes, crustacean arthropods, and nematodes were 16.83, 13.17, 4, and 0.33% respectively. The highest prevalence was found in X. helleri infected with Gyrodactylus spp. and P. scalare infested with Trichodina spp. Moreover, 9/100 and 10/100 of goldfish were infected with A. japonicus and L. cyprinacea, compared to 2/500 and 3/500, respectively, for all other species in combination, which is a statistically significant result (p?<?0.01). Assessment of farmed fish parasitic fauna is important to inhibit the spread of infections, ensure fish production and improve fish health.

     

太湖主要鱼类食物组成

根据2004年9-12月和2005年4月的调查,研究了太湖8种鱼的食物组成.结果表明:优势种鲚主要摄食枝角类、占食物个数比例89.77%±13.69%;太湖新银鱼主要摄食桡足类、占个数比例70.11%±10.57%;鲢、鳙主要摄食微囊藻、占食物体积比例90%以上;鲤食物中水生植物约占体积比例70%;鲫主要摄食微囊藻、占体积比例93.99%±3.34%;翘嘴红鲌、蒙古红鲌主要摄食鲚和小型鱼类.分析认为,随着太湖富营养化程度不断加重,以蓝藻为主的浮游植物食性鱼产力在快速增加,但实际渔获量以浮游动物食性鱼类为主.如2003年浮游植物食性鱼产力为10234t、占总鱼产力37.0%.而2004年实际渔获量中浮游动物食性鱼类占80%-90%,浮游植物食性鱼类渔获量仅3637.7t、占10.9%.因此,太湖现有鱼类群落组成和实际饵料构成是不吻合的.不仅如此,浮游动物食性鱼类数量的快速增加对浮游动物形成了巨大牧食压力,这更利于藻类繁殖.太湖鲫几乎完全以微囊藻为食物,可能对蓝藻暴发有抑制作用,应重新评价其对环境的影响.     

Exotic Fishes in Hungarian Waters: their Importance in Fishery Utilization of Natural Water Bodies and Fish Farming

During the last 100 years in Hungary there have been several attempts to acclimatize exotic fish species. Some of these species now play an important role in the fishery utilization of natural water bodies and the farming of species such as Salmo gairdneri Richardson, Ctenopharyngodon idella Cuv. et Val., Hypophthalmiichthys molitrix Cuv. et Val., Aristichthys nobilis Richardson and Ictalurus nebulosus Le Seuer. These introductions caused no problems to either existing fisheries or to the environment. Some species appeared spontaneously in Hungarian waters.     

Bacterial composition,abundance and diversity in fish polyculture and mussel–fish integrated cultured ponds in China

Bacterial community and abiotic environmental parameters in twelve freshwater aquaculture ponds were analysed. According to the major component of stocked animals, the ponds were grouped into four types: black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii ponds. Each type of pond was stocked with three species of Chinese carps (silver carp, bighead carp and gibel carp) to form a unique mode of fish polyculture or mussel–fish integrated culture. The bacterial composition was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Totally, 3701 and 11 150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from the water and sediment samples respectively. The number of OTUs, abundance‐based coverage estimator, Chao1 index and Shannon diversity index were lower in the water column than in the sediment, suggesting that diversity and stability of bacterial community were higher in the sediment. In the water column, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated at the phylum level, and 26 dominant genera were identified. In the sediment, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae dominated at the phylum level, and 25 dominant genera were identified. Bacterial compositions between the ponds with different aquaculture modes were similar at the phylum levels, but varied at the genus levels. The bacterial composition in the ponds was correlated with hardness, ammonia and total nitrogen in the water column. This study indicates that the type of aquaculture mode is a factor regulating the microbial community, which provides an insight towards microbial management through probiotic manipulation in pond culture.     

Energy budget of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) larvae fed HUFA-enriched and non-enriched Artemia nauplii

The energy budget of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) larvae fed enriched (EA) and non‐enriched (NEA) Artemia nauplii was determined by equating energy intake (EI) with the summation of energy channelled to faeces (F), metabolism (M), excretion (U) and growth (G). Larvae (21 days post hatching, 2.2 mg mean wet wt) were reared in six 80‐L circular tanks with three replicates of 160 larvae per tank and fed EA and NEA for 20 days. EI was calculated from the energy content of consumed nauplii, M from the summation of energy for routine, feeding and active metabolisms, U from ammonia excretion and G from energy gained based on weight gain, while F was the difference between EI and the total of other components. The heat increment of larvae was calculated from the difference of O₂ consumption at post‐prandial and routine conditions. Except for G and F, variables were correlated to the dry body weight (W) of larvae in a power function: Y=aW^b. Coefficients a and b were estimated by regression after a logarithmic transformation of the raw data. Overall, growth and survival rates of the larvae fed EA were higher than those fed NEA. For a larval flounder growing from 2 to 20 mg wet wt, the ingested energy was partitioned as follows: 22.8% to faecal loss, 38.3% to metabolism, 1.5% to urinary loss and 37.4% to growth for the EA group, whereas 35.4% to faecal loss, 28.4% to metabolism, 1.3% to urinary loss and 34.9% to growth for the NEA group. Gross conversion and assimilation efficiencies were higher, but the net conversion efficiency was lower in EA‐fed larvae than NEA‐fed larvae. This study suggests that the higher growth and survival rates of the EA‐fed group compared with the NEA‐fed group were attributed to their higher intake of essential fatty acids, higher metabolism and lower energy loss of faeces.     

马鞍列岛人工鱼礁区鱼卵与仔稚鱼的群落结构

为了解人工鱼礁投放对鱼卵和仔稚鱼分布的影响,于2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)利用大型浮游生物网在马鞍列岛海洋牧场开展了4个航次的水平拖网调查。根据鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布等群落结构特征,对投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵、仔稚鱼的资源分布进行研究。结果显示,2018年在马鞍列岛海洋牧场共采集鱼卵5 642粒、仔稚鱼1 013尾,隶属于10目21科49种。鱼卵优势种为龙头鱼、短吻红舌鳎和小黄鱼;仔稚鱼的优势种为褐菖鲉、花鲈和小公鱼属未定种。投礁区和未投礁区鱼卵仔稚鱼的优势种种类组成基本一致,但是群落结构差异显著,投礁区各个季节的多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数均高于未投礁区,与未投礁区差异显著,且春季投礁区的生物多样性最高。聚类分析显示,春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构最为稳定,冬季群落结构最简单,夏、秋两季相似度较高,群落结构更复杂。研究表明,马鞍列岛海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放对鱼卵、仔稚鱼具有一定的聚集和庇护作用,温度(T)、盐度(S)、水体浑浊度(Turb.)等海洋物理环境因子对鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布影响显著。     

长江水生生物资源与环境本底状况调查(2017—2021)

长江是中华民族的母亲河,为了落实长江大保护,农业农村部统筹部署设立长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017—2021)。由中国水产科学研究院总牵头,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所技术总协调,联合流域内外24家科研院所和高校,对长江流域重点水域的鱼类种类组成及分布、鱼类资源量、濒危鱼类、长江江豚、渔业生态环境、消落区、捕捞渔业和休闲渔业等7个专题开展了系统调查。调查结果显示,(1)长江历史(2017年前)分布鱼类记录有18目37科163属443种,本次调查中有135种鱼类未采集到,新采集到15种外来鱼类;(2)当前鱼类资源数量约为8.86亿尾,重量约为12.48万t,仅相当于20世纪50年代的27.3%、80年代的58.7%,流域性优势种为鲤、鲫、鲢、黄颡鱼、短颌鲚、鲇、蛇、草鱼、光泽黄颡鱼、?、鳜、铜鱼、翘嘴鲌、鳊、鳙,重量占比达50%,数量占比达45%;(3)长江流域的国家一、二级重点保护鱼类29种(属),本次调查共记录到15种,白鲟已被IUCN认定灭绝,鯮和鲥已多年未见野生个体,长江鲟被IUCN认定野外灭绝,中华鲟、胭脂鱼和松江鲈多年未见自然繁殖;(4)2017—2021年,长江中下游干...