蓖麻碳氮代谢规律及其 与株高关系的初步分析

对4个不同株高的蓖麻品种生育过程中可溶性糖、还原糖、蔗糖转化酶、可溶性蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶、 游离氨基酸的差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,株高快速增长时期在7月上旬至8月上旬;不同株高的蓖麻品种 其碳氮代谢指标存在差异,在生育前期叶片相对较多的可溶性糖积累和旺盛的氮代谢以及生育中后期高的蔗糖转 化酶活性、低还原糖含量有利于其株高的增长。     

蓖麻不同种植密度对群体生育动态的影响

试验表明,蓖麻在不同种植密度下,株高、叶面积系数、净同化率等均有不同程度的变化,并对群体产量有一定影响。２０００～２１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２的蓖麻高产群体指标以密度３３０００～４３７００株／ｈｍ２,灌浆成熟期株高２３０～２４０ｃｍ,花果期叶面积系数２．０～２．５,开花期净同化率７．９～８．４ｇ／ｍ２·ｄ为宜。     

蓖麻生育产量与气象条件关系

三年分期播种试验结果，结合水分等其它试验数据，通过统计分析，得出栽培蓖麻从播种至成熟中各发育阶段的单因子和复因子（光、温、水）与阶段发育天数间的关系方程，可用于发育期予报。并相应得出各发育阶段的温度下限指标。与此同时还建立了蓖麻籽实产量和产油量与气象因子的关系方程，可用于产量和产油量的估测。通过盆栽试验得到南麻幼苗冻害温度指标。     

干旱胁迫下苎麻种质的抗旱生理与经济性状的研究

干旱胁迫条件下，苎麻品种间的抗旱生理指标及农艺性状差异明显，叶片相对电导率旱害指数、麻株相对生长速度、功能叶叶片的长度和宽度的相对增长率、株高的旱害指数与单蔸纤维产量旱害指数的相关系数分别为0．718、—0．822、—0．760、—0．807和0．876，这显著或极显著水平，可作为苎麻种质抗旱鉴定的可靠生理指标或性状指标。对苎麻种质的抗旱机理及影响抗旱鉴定评价的主要因素进行了讨论。     

干旱胁迫下苎麻种质的抗旱生理与经济性状的研究

干旱胁迫条件下，苎麻品种间的抗旱生理指标及农艺性状差异明显，叶片相对电导率旱害指数、麻株相对生长速度、功能叶叶片的长度和宽度的相对增长率、株高的旱害指数与单蔸纤维产量旱害指数的相关系数分别为０．７１８＾＊、－０．８２２＾＊＊、－０．７６０＾＊、－０．８０７＾＊＊和０．８７６＾＊＊，达显著或极显著水平，可作为苎麻种质抗旱鉴定的可靠性理指标或性状指标。对苎麻种质的抗旱机理及影响抗旱鉴定评价的主要因素进     

影响甘蔗株高生长的气象因子通径分析

从表面看，影响甘蔗株高生长的气象因子有当旬的平均气温、蒸发量、降雨日数和平均风速。通径分析表明，平均气温是主要的影响因子，其它气象因子大多通过平均气温对株高生长起作用。逐步回归结果进一步印证了甘蔗株高生长的主要气象因子是平均气温。旬均温在25.0℃以下时，株高生长缓慢；旬均温为26.0-27.9℃时，株高生长速度最快。     

杂交水稻春秋双季制种高产性状量化指标初探

通径分析表明，对于杂交水稻春秋双季制种产量的相对重要住的性状依次为结实率＞每亩穗数＞每穗总粒数＞千粒重＞剑叶长＞株高．通过建立产量与其构成因素穗数、结实率、总粒数和千粒重的多元回归方程式，因地制宜设计出了有关杂交组合，规范双季制种的穗粒结构量化指标．讨论了实现有关量化指标的技术措施。     

晋蓖麻4号的覆膜应用效果及丰产栽培技术

晋蓖麻4号是山西省农科院经济作物研究所以自行选育的雌性系MF-20—22为母本、以97S10—5为父本杂交选育而成的高产、抗病、耐瘠、中熟蓖麻杂交种，2005年通过山西省审定．适宜于我国华北西北干旱半干旱（无霜期125d以上）地区种植。由于这些地区的气候条件和土壤环境较差．配套栽培技术不规范．田间管理粗放．导致单产水平不高，直接影响了农民种植蓖麻的积极性。     

梅县地区沙田柚各生育期的气象指标及产量预测模式

根据广东梅县地区连续l3a的实测资料，系统地研究了沙田柚生长发育与气象条件的关系，分析了根系生长、枝梢发育、花芽分化、开花授粉、幼果发育、果实膨大等生长发育的适宜气象指标，并建立了产量和含糖量的气象预测模式．结果表明：沙田柚可以忍受的最低温度为-7℃；花芽分化期温度为8．0-18．2℃；开花期降水量和雨日宜少，以利于提高座果率：果实膨大期要求日平均温度25-28℃，雨量充沛，光照度充足：果实膨大后期日照时问适当延长，有利于提高产量和品质．     

蓖麻杂交组合收获指数评价

为了提高蓖麻杂交育种效率，研究杂交组合收获指数与性状之间的关系，观察和测量了133个蓖麻杂交组合的13个农艺性状，即收获指数、单株产量、生物量、百粒重、有效穗数、一级分枝数、株高、茎粗、主茎节数、主穗长、主穗位高、叶绿素含量、净光合速率。采用相关分析和回归分析研究133个杂交组合的农艺性状间的关系。结果表明，不同蓖麻杂交组合的收获指数差异较大，变幅为0.126~0.644，平均值为0.398；133个杂交组合中收获指数在0.5以上的组合仅占16.54%。相关关系结果表明，收获指数与单株产量呈极显著正相关，与主穗长呈极显著负相关。回归分析表明，单株产量、株高、主穗长、有效穗数4个性状对收获指数的影响较大。因此在育种过程中，选择主穗花序较长、植株相对较高、一级分枝数较多的个体，可提高育成材料的单株产量。     

Blends of castor meal and castor husks for optimized use as organic fertilizer

Production of oil from castor (Ricinus communis) generates two main by-products: husks and meal. For each ton of castor oil, 1.31 ton of husks and 1.13 ton of meal are produced. Castor meal is the most important by-product due to its high nitrogen content, and presently it is predominantly used as an organic fertilizer. This greenhouse study aimed to find optimized blends of castor husks and meal as organic fertilizer for growth of castor plants. The by-products were mixed to sandy soil in the doses (v:v) of 0 + 10%, 2.5 + 7.5%, 5.0 + 5.0%, 7.5 + 2.5% and 10.0 + 0% of castor meal and castor husks, respectively. At 50 days after sowing, data was taken on plant growth and shoot nutrients content. Blends of castor meal and castor husks used as fertilizer promoted substantial plant growth up to the dose of 4.5% (in volume) of meal. Doses higher than 4.5% caused reduction in plant growth and even plant death. It seems that rapidly mineralizing nitrogen from the castor meal is the reason for both the intensive plant growth in low doses, and the reduction of plant growth in high doses due to excessive mineral N. Increments in castor meal dose resulted in increased N and Ca shoot contents. Other macronutrients were not influenced. Castor meal is a good organic fertilizer, due to its high N and P contents, but blending with castor husks is not necessary.     

大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术的优化

为完善和优化大豆远缘嫁接诱变技术体系,以与大豆远缘的8种植物为砧木,以4个大豆品种(系)为接穗进行嫁接试验。结果表明:以6～8日龄的大豆幼苗作为接穗可提高远缘嫁接成活率,其中7日龄大豆幼苗的嫁接成活率最高。砧木类型对远缘嫁接大豆后代诱变率和诱变方向有重要影响,番茄/龙选1号、蓖麻/科绿2号、生姜/科绿2号、蓖麻/田丰90和洋姜/田丰90嫁接组合的诱变率最高,同时以生姜和番茄作为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现高蛋白、高油和晚熟类型突变;以甘薯和马铃薯为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现多分枝和丰产类型突变;以蓖麻和洋姜为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现抗逆性强(抗倒伏)和植株矮化的突变类型;以南瓜和葫芦为砧木与大豆接穗嫁接后代可出现晚熟和高大植株的突变类型。嫁接亲和力评价结果表明,以南瓜、马铃薯、番茄和生姜作为砧木的嫁接亲和力较高,以科绿2号为接穗的嫁接亲和力较高。     

Evaluation of promising castor genotype in terms of agronomical and yield attributing traits, biochemical properties and rearing performance of eri silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan)

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an economically important plant for production of industrial oil as well as used as primary food plant for rearing of eri silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan). The biomass yield of eight selected castor accessions were studied to find out a promising castor genotype in terms of growth and biomass yield, nutrient status, disease and pest resistant together with eri silkworm rearing performance. Among the selected accessions, Ac03 and Ac04 yielded an average of 344.70 g (±88.05) and 334.50 g (±60.62) of leaf biomass/plant respectively (mean 324.62 g; n = 8) and the yield was stable over the years (2007-10). However, in late winter, leaf blight and leaf spot disease were reported in all the castor accessions together with the infestation of hairy caterpillar (4.00-5.33%). The silkworm rearing performances were also better in Ac03 in terms of shell weight (0.50 ± 0.07 g; mean 0.42 g; n = 8), shell ratio (15.5%) and effective rate of rearing i.e. ERR (85.67). ERR of eri silkworm was influenced by biochemical compositions of leaves of different castor accessions. The weight of larvae and cocoons were significantly influenced by nitrogen and crude protein content of the foliages. Altogether, Ac03 and Ac04 castor genotypes were found to be better in terms of agronomical and yield attributing traits together with silkworm rearing performance.     

Narrow row spacing and high plant population to short height castor genotypes in two cropping seasons

Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) produces a very important oil for chemical and biofuel industries. However, doubts remain about what the best plant arrangement is to obtain the maximum yield of seeds and oil from short height castor genotypes cultivated in higher plant population. This study evaluated two castor genotypes (FCA-PB and IAC 2028) in 5 plant arrangements (row spacing × in-row spacing): 0.90 m × 0.44 m (traditional), 0.90 m × 0.20 m, 0.75 m × 0.24 m, 0.60 × 0.30 m, and 0.45 m × 0.40 m, in spring-summer and fall-winter cropping seasons in Botucatu, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The traditional plant arrangement comprised an initial plant population of 25,000 plants ha⁻¹, while the others comprised 55,000 plants ha⁻¹. The IAC 2028 genotype presented the greatest plant height, first raceme insertion height, basal stem diameter, number of fruits per raceme and 100 seed weight; however, seed yield and seed oil content were equal between genotypes. Wider stems and higher number of racemes per plant and fruits per raceme were observed with a 0.90 m × 0.44 m plant arrangement, but due to the lowest plant population (25,000 plants ha⁻¹) in this plant arrangement, the higher values of the yield components mentioned above did not result in higher yield. The higher plant population (55,000 plants ha⁻¹) by narrower row spacings (0.45 or 0.60 m) combination produced a higher castor seed yield. The effect of plant arrangement was more intense in the spring-summer cropping season.     

蓖麻miR396基因家族及其靶基因GRF生物信息学分析及鉴定

MiR396-GRF在调控植物的生长发育和生物胁迫及非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用,目前关于蓖麻miR396和GRF的研究还很少.本研究中利用BLASTP和Pfam在蓖麻基因组中鉴定到4个miR396和11个GRF成员.分析发现,RcGRFs转录因子蛋白长度在318-619aa之间,理论等电点在5.54-9.34之间,...     

山东间作大豆产量与主要农艺性状关联分析

为明确间作大豆的性状表现,筛选适宜间作的高产、稳产性大豆品种,本研究在玉米大豆间作模式下,对50份大豆材料在两年的产量与11个主要农艺性状进行相关性及灰色关联度分析,并采用GGE双标图法进行品种适应性及稳产性分析。结果表明：50份材料的主要农艺及产量性状的变异系数在6.87%~77.32%,广义遗传力为0.62~0.97,且生育期、营养生长期、百粒重等9个性状的广义遗传力均大于0.8;相关性分析表明,单株产量与茎粗(0.75**)、生育期(0.76**)呈极显著正相关,其次为株高、主茎节数、分枝数、底荚高、营养生长期、百粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数;灰色关联度分析表明,单株产量与各农艺性状的关联顺序为茎粗>生育期>营养生长期>单株荚数>百粒重>底荚高>单株粒数>分枝数>主茎节数>株高>生殖生长期;GGE双标图法表明汾豆79、中作J7018和皖豆30为适宜间作的高产、稳产性较好的品种。     

不同冬小麦品种株高的高光谱估算模型

为建立小麦株高的高光谱估算适宜模型,通过连续两年田间不同品种试验,在拔节至抽穗期同步测定小麦冠层高光谱数据和株高,并对两者的关系进行系统分析。结果表明,小麦株高与可见光波段呈负相关,与近红外波段呈正相关,与可见光波段的相关性总体上高于近红外波段。株高可以利用统一的光谱参数进行定量反演,其中以F698、D550、Dy、λr、SDr/SDb和(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)等光谱参数拟合效果较好。经两年的独立试验数据检验表明,以参数F698、D550、Dy及(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)为变量建立的株高估算模型表现较为稳定,尤其是以光谱参数(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)建立的模型,建模决定系数为0.85,预测决定系数和均方根偏差分别为0.86和4.27,相对误差为9%。因此,该参数可以作为估测小麦株高的有效光谱参数,对小麦生长中期的株高进行监测。     

玉米株高的年际间变化及其与产量的关系研究

以晚熟稀植型品种丹玉39和中晚熟密植型品种郑单958为试材,通过5年的定点栽培试验,对玉米株高在年际间的稳定性及其与产量的关系进行研究。结果表明,在不同年份环境条件下,玉米株高存在明显差异;株高形成期降水量是影响株高变化的根本原因,两者间呈显著的正相关关系;积温和日照时数各年均能够满足玉米株高生长发育需求,株高与两者无相关关系;在不同年份环境条件下玉米株高对密度的响应,因每年降水量多少及其分布而不同,在水分供应充足的年份,高秆稀植型品种随着密度加大而株高增加的趋势明显,而耐密植品种的反应相对较稳定。在株高与产量的关系上,不同耐密性品种之间也有所不同。