HPLC法测定盐酸氯苯胍原粉含量

目的：采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氯苯胍的含量。方法：样品经1％盐酸甲醇萃取．以SHIMADZUC8色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）分离,甲醇和2．5％的磷酸溶液以体积比75比25的混合液为流动相,在检测波长为317nm处测定。结果：峰面积与盐酸氯苯胍的质量浓度在1—100．0mg·L^-1范围内呈线性关系。标准加入回收率为（n=6）95．2％,相对标准偏差（n=5）小于0．5％。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻杏石甘颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱含量

为完善麻杏石甘颗粒质量标准,采用高液相色谱法对麻杏石甘颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定进行研究。采用Thermo scientific BDS C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(含0.1%三乙胺)(3∶97),检测波长207 nm,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。结果表明,盐酸麻黄碱进样浓度在5~60μg/mL范围内,峰面积与盐酸麻黄碱含量呈良好线性关系(R^2=0.9999)。样品平均回收率为96.62%(n=6),RSD为1.30%。本方法简便、准确度高、重复性好、耐用性强,为进一步提高该制剂的质量标准,保证临床效果,提供了检测依据。     

饲料中盐酸克伦特罗的高效液相色谱法测定

用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中盐酸克伦特罗的含量。选用ShimpackCLC－ODS分析柱（46mm×150mm）,流动相：甲醇：水＝75：25,检测波长：243nm,流速：1ml／min。盐酸克伦特罗浓度在0．1－2．0μg／ml之间具有良好线性关系,相关系数0．9996。平均回收率为（101．2±9．75）％。该法快速、准确、重现性好。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定白头翁汤中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀的含量

目的：建立反向高效液相色谱方法同时测定白头翁汤中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀的含量。方法：色谱柱为XPODS—AC。。（250minx4．6mm,5I．Lm）;采用线性梯度洗脱方法,流动相：溶液A为乙腈,溶液B为O．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾（磷酸调pH值至3．0）。0—40min溶液A：溶液B为5：95—45：55;流速：1．0mL／min;柱温：室温;检测器：DAD检测器;检测波长：340nm;进样量：10μL。结果：盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱和盐酸巴马汀分别在62．5-l000μg／mL、46．875—750μg／mL和37．5—600μg／mL范围内线性良好;平均加样回收率分别为99．22％（RSD为3．25％）、98．46％（RSD为1．99％）和99．20％（RSD为1．69％）。结论：本方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于白头翁汤的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻杏石甘口服液中盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法研究

为完善麻杏石甘口服液质量标准,采用高效液相色谱法对麻杏石甘口服液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量测定方法进行了研究。色谱柱为C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(含0.1%三乙胺)(3∶97),检测波长为207 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。盐酸麻黄碱进样浓度在0.005～0.06 mg/mL(0.05～0.6μg范围内,峰面积盐酸麻黄碱含量呈良好的线性关系(R~2=0.999 9),样品平均回收率为100.22%(n=6),RSD为1.47%。本方法简便、准确度高、重复性好,为进一步控制麻杏石甘口服液的质量标准提供了依据。     

HPLC测定白头翁散中盐酸小檗碱的含量

建立中兽药散剂白头翁散中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法,为其质量标准的制订提供实验依据。采用HPLC法测定,色谱条件,Eclipse XDB—C18柱（5μm,4．6mm×150mm）;流速,1．0mL/min;流动相,乙腈：0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾=28：72;柱温,30℃;检测波长,348nm。盐酸小檗碱在进样量为0．05～0．50μg之间范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0．9999;样品中盐酸小檗碱的平均含量为0．781％,RSD为0．86％。该方法简便,易行,专属性强,可以作为白头翁散中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料级L-赖氨酸盐酸盐含量

用高效液相色谱法测定饲料级L-赖氨酸盐酸盐含量。VenusilABS—C18柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以水（pH=1．5±0．2）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长为195nm,柱温为30±2℃。在该色谱条件下,L-赖氨酸盐酸盐在0．205～0．821mg／mL浓度范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0．99997）,样品加标平均回收率为99．0％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．9％（n=9）。该法操作简便易行,系统适用性良好,适用于饲料级L-赖氨酸盐酸盐含量测定。     

注射用阿莫西林钠的含量测定——高效液相色谱法（HPLC）

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定注射用阿莫西林钠中阿莫西林的含量。色谱柱为ZORBAXSB—C18柱（150min×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液-乙腈（97．5：2．5）,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长254nm。结果阿莫西林在50．02～900．34μg／mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=1014．66X-2．06,r=0．9993,平均回收率为99．2％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．14％。     

饲料中呋喃唑酮的HPLC法测定

建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定饲料中违禁药物呋喃唑酮的含量。饲料中呋喃唑酮用乙腈-甲醇（1：1，V／V）提取，中性氧化铝SPE柱净化。呋喃唑酮的线性范围为0．02～1.0μg／mL（r=0．9999），3种加药浓度进行回收率测定，回收率为86．3％～104．5％之间，批内变异系数小于1．10％，本方法的最低检测限为0．5μg／g。     

高效液相色谱法测定芩黄颗粒中甘草酸的含量

为了建立芩黄颗粒中甘草酸的含量测定方法并测定其含量,用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定芩黄颗粒中甘草酸的含量。采用C18色谱柱,以甲醇-0．2mol／L醋酸铵（65：34,醋酸调节pH值至4．5）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长为250nm。结果显示甘草酸在0．499～7．976μg之间呈现良好的线性关系,r=0．9999,平均加样回收率为99．3％,RSD=0．59％（n=6）。本方法重复性好,能准确测定芩黄颗粒中甘草酸的含量。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.