浅海筏式生态养殖技术

浅海养殖是水产养殖业重点发展方向，近几年发展较快。目前，我国浅海养殖主要集中在水深15米以内的区域，这一区域也是陆源污染最为集中的海区。由于浅海养殖布局和种间搭配不尽合理，放养密度过高，养殖环境状况日趋恶化，养殖生物抗逆能力下降。同时，受风浪潮影响较大，存在着严重的安全隐患。     

辽宁省海水增养殖业的现状及发展趋势

本文综述了辽宁省海水增养殖业的现状,其中包括对虾养殖、滩涂贝类养殖、浅海浮筏养殖、海水底播增殖。同时论述了发展的趋势,指出对虾养殖将从“经验型”转向“集约型”,黄海区浅海养殖老基地将向农场化、牧场化、工厂化的高层次发展,以及综合开发辽东湾的设想。     

离岸型智能化浅海养殖围网应用及效益分析

离岸型浅海智能化围网作为一种新型养殖围网,敷设在底况复杂的浅海地区能够有效利用海底资源,并具有生态型、健康型、智能化等优点。文章以南麂岛碧海仙山海产品开发有限公司的智能化浅海养殖围网为例,分析了养殖围网的特点,并通过效益分析证明其具有很大的发展潜力,同时指出了这种离岸型智能化浅海养殖围网推广中存在的一些问题。     

深水抗风浪网箱的健康养殖技术及其发展思考浅析

近年来,深水抗风浪网箱养殖在北方发展迅速,特别是山东已具相当规模。这种新型养殖模式与浅海养殖、工厂化养殖、池塘养殖相比有众多优点：拓展了养殖海域,减轻了环境压力,大大改进了养殖鱼类的品质;扩大了养殖容量,提高了生态效益;优化了网箱结构,更加能够抵御风浪侵袭;提高了养殖的科技含量,更加有利于科学标准化管理。     

水混流急海域开发海带养殖技术研究

为开发山东半岛南部浅海养殖，在苏山岛海域采用“顺流筏架、大筏距、多浮力、浅水层”等技术，大面积养殖海带成功，１９９２年试养２００亩，平均每亩效益１５８３元；１９９３年试养４５０亩，平均每亩效益１６３８元，皆高于荣成桑沟湾海区海带养殖效益。     

刺参人工育苗和养殖过程中的问题及解决方法

近年来，随着刺参(Apostichopas japonicus Selenka)虾池和浅海养殖规模的不断扩大，刺参人工育苗也迅速发展起来。同时新问题也不断出现，导致刺参育苗和养殖效果不理想。现就刺参育苗和养殖的问题总结如下，供参考：     

鱼贝藻浅海生态养殖技术示范

正浙江省农业技术推广基金会《浅海鱼贝藻生态养殖技术示范》项目根据大黄鱼、鲍鱼、海带在海洋生态系统中的不同生态位原理和生态关系,通过科学的养殖布局和合理的种间搭配建立浅海鱼贝藻自然生态健康养殖方法,提高浅海养殖海区的综合经济效益,为探索一种可持续发展的浅海农牧化开发的耕海牧渔式的养殖模式做出示范。现将项目技术总结如下。一、材料与方法1.养殖海区与养殖模式选择本项目养殖海区选择在浙江玉环中鹿岛浅海区域,该海域为半开放海     

香港的水产养殖概况

养殖的种类和方法在香港，有海水、咸淡水和淡水养殖，但以浅海养殖为主。养殖历史已有100年以上，初期的养殖方法为中国的传统养殖方法，即把渔船钓到的鱼放养在网箱里，投喂以小鱼，使其增重，以达到上市的目的。这就是肉食性鱼类养殖的起始。现在的养殖基本上还是个人的养殖。规模庞大的大企业养殖仅在几年前才开始，以渔民为主的中型企业也加入了生产。     

河北省海水养殖现状及发展对策

分析了河北省海水养殖业发展现状及时空变化,总结了目前存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出了发展我省海水养殖业的五项对策:调整优化浅海养殖结构,发展名特优海产品和海水鱼养殖,提高集约化养殖水平,科技兴海、发展可持续性海水养殖科学技术。     

日本鱼贝类养殖机

近年来,日本随着城市和工业污染的蔓延扩大,可供养殖的水面日益减少,逼使日本水产界不得不努力发展新的浅海养殖法。大洋渔业公司和新淌铁工所于1971年组成了一个设计小组,并与日本水产厅合作,加强浅海养殖的研究工作。     

我国鲟鱼养殖设施的现状与发展对策

我国鲟鱼养殖始于20世纪90年代,其人工养殖的历史较短,并且设施化养殖基础薄弱,养殖模式研究尚处于起步阶段。鲟鱼的养殖方式仍以粗放型养殖模式为主,易受地域、天气等因素的影响,限制了该产业的可持续发展。文中简述了我国鲟鱼设施化养殖的种类,对比了鲟鱼流水养殖、网箱养殖和工厂化循环水养殖的优缺点,详细分析了鲟鱼设施化养殖的工艺流程及养殖过程中使用的设施设备,阐述了设施化养殖的技术要点,指出了目前鲟鱼设施化养殖过程中存在问题,总结了鲟鱼设施化养殖的对策,明确了今后鲟鱼产业的发展方向。     

鱼菜共生技术及系统工程研究

鱼菜共生是运用生态学原理和环境条件监控手段建立起来的可持续设施渔业新技术。研究涉及养殖水系营养物质循环流动。本文探索了氨氮、酸碱度、溶氧、温度等因子对鱼菜不同生长阶段的影响,总结出不同密度鱼类与不同种类、不同生长阶段蔬菜之间的优化配比关系。并就鱼菜共生系统工程研究设计的模式进行论述。     

渔光互补生态经济特征及其发展方向

渔光互补是近年来快速发展的一种清洁高效生产方式,为水产养殖提供了巨大的发展空间,具有清洁、低碳、高效的特点,但存在基础研究空白、设施系统不规范、养殖技术不足等问题。本文详细介绍了渔光互补的概念及特点,分析了渔光互补的经济、生态、社会价值,并结合发展过程中存在的问题提出了发展建议,本研究为推动我国渔光互补产业健康可持续发展提供了参考。     

A Dynamic, Stochastic Model of a Land-Based Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Aquaculture Firm

Exploring the possibilities for commercial aquaculture has historically concentrated on reducing production uncertainty by focusing on an animal's biology and the engineering of the production facility. However, the aquaculturist faces both production and market uncertainty, both of which may significantly affect the economic feasibility of a production facility. We developed a dynamic stochastic model to compare alternative production and marketing scenarios and used the net present value of returns to evaluate the scenarios. Based on the model and the scenarios we examined, firms producing summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus are unlikely to be profitable unless they locate near and use a source of salt-water, sell their product predominately to sushi chefs (or other premium market outlets) who desire medium-sized live fish, and engage in strategies that account for market dynamics.     

Water quality upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in Chesapeake Bay,USA

Oyster aquaculture is an expanding industry in the Chesapeake Bay. Oysters remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the water column through filtration and conversion of phytoplankton into shell and tissue, but also continuously excrete these same nutrients back into the water column as inorganic compounds readily available for plant or algal uptake. The objective of this study was to assess multiple water quality parameters upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in the mesohaline region of the Chesapeake Bay. Results of the study indicated a 78.4% average increase in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration and a 19.4% decrease in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration downstream of the facility. There was no significant change in the concentration of reactive phosphate (RP), nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N), or nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N) as water passed through the facility. It was determined that velocity of water through the facility had no influence on the change in TAN or Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream of the facility. Increased reduction in Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream was related to higher upstream concentrations of Chl-a. There was no correlation between increased rates of Chl-a removal and downstream TAN. Results of this study suggest that oyster aquaculture can significantly increase the amount of available inorganic nitrogen in the water column immediately downstream of a facility, independent of upstream availability of phytoplankton and flow velocity of water through the facility.     

集聚式池塘内循环流水养殖设施的应用与分析

通过对江苏、浙江、上海等地区现有集聚式池塘内循环流水养殖设施的结构形式、工艺流程及发展状况进行的考察和总结,从设施材料、对土地资源的影响、建设周期、投资及生产应用等多个方面进行了分析和比较,介绍了该养殖设施的应用情况,探讨了其在实际养殖生产过程中存在的利弊。并针对存在的问题,提出需进一步优化设施结构及工艺流程。以期规范和提升工艺技术,促进集约化设施养殖技术模式的健康可持续发展。     

筏式吊耳养殖系统水力特性及布局影响

深水延绳式筏式吊耳养殖系统属于典型的柔性多自由度海上结构物,通过数值模拟和模型实验相结合的方法,探讨了系统负重、浮球形式和布置角度对筏式系统水力特性的影响。结果显示,系统负重和布置角度均对筏式吊耳养殖系统的受力和运动特性有显著的影响,绠绳位移与负重呈负相关关系,绠绳位移随着负重的增大而减小;增大负重将明显增大绠绳、后锚绳、浮球系绳和吊绳的受力,而前锚绳受力随负重增大而减小,但幅度较小。浮球形式对筏式吊耳养殖系统的运动和受力影响很小,可以忽略;锚绳受力和绠绳位移与布置角度在0°~60°内呈正相关关系,都随着布置角度的增大而增大,在60°~90°内锚绳受力和绠绳位移与布置角度呈负相关关系,随着布置角度增大而减小。绠绳、浮球系绳、吊绳受力受布置角度影响较小。以上研究结果可为深水延绳式筏式吊耳养殖系统结构设计和安全性能评估提供参考。     

复合池塘循环水养殖系统生态足迹分析

生态足迹模型已广泛应用于可持续发展的评估中。将生物塘、人工湿地、生态沟渠等生态工程系统与传统养殖塘有机结合而构建形成的复合池塘循环水养殖系统,作为一种新养殖模式,它具有循环微流水养殖、种养结合、水陆交互作用的特点。本文运用生态足迹方法对这一新养殖模式进行了定量分析。结果表明:就单位利润生态足迹量而言,复合池塘循环水养殖模式为2.92 ghm2/万元,而传统池塘养殖模式为4.91ghm2/万元,复合模式具有更高的生态经济综合效益,更符合可持续发展要求。     

An automated recirculation aquaculture system based on fuzzy logic control for aquaculture production of tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>)

The development of an automated recirculation aquaculture system (ARAS) is presented here. The production system facility was built in a 672-m² polyethylene greenhouse using four 20-m³ tanks, each of which was stocked with 1,000 tilapia (O. niloticus). The growth of the fish was evaluated from a starting weight of 2 g to a final average weight of 418 g, during a production cycle from July 2008 to January 2009. Our objective was to develop new technological approaches, based on fuzzy logic control, to integrate into novel automated equipment for recirculation aquaculture systems used for fish production under intensive conditions. This technique allows farmers to incorporate their knowledge and experience into the control system. The results demonstrated a substantial water savings of 97.42%. There was a total fish biomass production of 1,655.3 kg and an average feed conversion rate of 1.55. The environmental variables were kept within acceptable ranges for tilapia production. We conclude that it is possible to increase the productivity and profitability of aquaculture systems, by applying new approaches based on modern control techniques, such as fuzzy logic control, that promote resource optimization.     

Streptococcus iniae Infection of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a Recirculation Production Facility

Abstract— Streptococcus iniae was isolated from moribund pure strain Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a water recirculation aquaculture facility. The extent of the infection was determined in a number of separate culture systems at the facility. A pilot study was also conducted to gain information on potential stressors that may play a role in spread of the infection within such a water reuse facility. The conditions employed in the pilot stress test did not have any apparent impact on spread of S. iniae infection to fish in additional tanks within the facility.