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临床兽医博士(DVM)是美国特有的一种学位,主要侧重于临床技能操作和应用,对于促进美国执业兽医制度建设和兽医职业化发展发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了DVM学位获得过程,分析了DVM与执业兽医、官方兽医的关系。在美国,取得DVM学位仅是具备了参加北美兽医资格考试(NAVLE)和州执照考试的一种资格,并不能直接开展兽医执业工作。由兽医官、消费安全检验员、屠宰场食品检验员、州兽医、认证兽医等组成的美国官方兽医队伍中,既有取得DVM学位的,也有符合条件未取得DVM学位的人员。本文拟通过上述问题研究,以期为推进我国新型兽医制度建设提供参考。 相似文献
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美国兽医管理体制是采用联邦垂直管理与各州共管的兽医官制度.美国全国实行国家兽医官制度.分为联邦兽医官和州兽医官二个层次。联邦兽医官是由农业部直接任命和领导.配备在农业部及各州:州兽医官由州政府任命。所有这些兽医官均为国家兽医官.代表政府执行兽医方面的法律法规。美国动植物卫生监督局是联邦的最高兽医管理部门. 相似文献
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2005年7月13日,在全国兽医体制改革工作会议上,传出了令广大兽医工作者振奋的消息——我国将推行官方兽医制度和执行兽医制度。此项决策是在为适应降控重大动物疫病和提高动物产品安全检查的大背景下提出的,是继农业部兽医局成立后,为加快我国兽医体制改革的又一举措,标志我国从大体上来说,兽医官制度分三种类型,分别以美国、欧盟和澳大利亚为代表。借鉴国外兽医体制改革的一些成功经验,对我国顺利推行官方兽医制度和执行兽医制度会大所裨益! 相似文献
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国务院已经明确表示,我国将推行官方兽医制度,逐步建立起与国际接轨的兽医管理体制。作为改革的第一步,国家已经在农业部设立国家首席兽医师,在国际活动中称国家首席兽医官。这种制度的实行,表明我国在兽医管理体制上正逐步与国际通行做法接轨。1官方兽医和官方兽医制度世界动物卫生组织(OIE)对官方兽医的定义为:是指由国家兽医行政管理部门授权其执行动物卫生和(或)公共卫生及商品检查监督等明确指定官方任务的兽医,且在适当时按照《法典》1.2章的条款签发证书。官方兽医制度,是指由官方兽医作为执法主体,对动物及动物产品进行全过程监控… 相似文献
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当代兽医体制改革与兽医教育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
世界多数国家普遍实行官方兽医制度,但具体做法不尽相同,大致分为以下三种类型:欧洲和非洲的多数国家特别是欧盟成员国属于典型的垂直管理的官方兽医制度,和OIE(世界动物卫生组织)规定的完全一致;美洲国家采取的是联邦垂直管理和各州共管的兽医官制度;澳大利亚和新西兰采用的则是州垂直管理的政府兽医管理制度。 相似文献
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国外兽医体制对我国兽医体系建设的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
欧洲和非洲的多数国家特别是欧盟成员国属于这种类型,其官方兽医制度和OIE规定的完全一致,例如德国系典型的垂直管理的官方兽医制度,即最高兽医行政官员为首席兽医官,统一管理全国兽医工作,州和县(市)的兽医官均由国家首席兽医官统管,并以县(市)级兽医官为主行使职权,每个县市都设一个地方首席兽医官和另外三名兽医官,分别 相似文献
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英国实行国家兽医官制度,环境食物农业部(,rhe Department for Environment,Food and Rural Affairs DEFRA以下简称农业部)制定并组织落实动物健康和福利政策:食品标准局(Food Standard Agency FSA)管理与食品安全相关的动物产品的生产和供应:伦敦大学皇家兽医学院(RCVS)依法监管兽医行业,实行兽医资格认证和注册。规范兽医教育和职业操守:英国兽医协会(British Veterinary Association BVA)等行业组织维护兽医及相关动物利益并提供信息等服务。 相似文献
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《中国禽业导刊》2005,22(19):31-32
英国实行国家兽医官制度,环境食物农业部(The Department for Environment,Food and Rural Affairs,DEFRA以下简称农业部)制定并组织落实动物健康和福利政策;食品标准局(Food Standard Agency,FSA)管理与食品安全相关的动物产品的生产和供应;伦敦大学皇家兽医学院(Royal college of Veterinary Surgeon,RCVS)依法监管兽医行业,实行兽医资格认证和注册,规范兽医教育和职业操守;英国兽医协会(British Veterinary Association,BVA)等行业组织维护兽医及相关动物利益并提供信息等服务。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献