犊牛成活率提升的饲养管理建议

犊牛为牛群的基础,提升犊牛成活率意义重大.文章汇总犊牛成活率提升的饲养管理建议,自重视泌乳母牛管理、搞好日常消毒管理、精心管理好犊牛、出生后犊牛及早补食初乳、犊牛常见疾病的防治等几方面进行重点阐述,以供参考和借鉴.     

肉用犊牛饲养管理技术探究

本文主要针对肉用犊牛饲养管理技术展开深入的研究,先阐述了肉用犊牛的饲养技术,如肉用犊牛初生期的饲养技术、肉用犊牛哺乳期的饲养技术、肉用犊牛断奶期的饲养技术等,然后又提出了几点切实可行的管理技术,主要包括犊牛的生理特征、管理技术、疾病防治,进而实现肉用犊牛饲养管理,防止存在病害的现象,保障犊牛饲养健康生长.     

犊牛的饲养管理

犊牛的饲养管理是养牛业的难点,也是重点.从犊牛的生理特点、哺喂初乳、哺喂全乳、早期断奶等方面阐述了犊牛饲养管理中的一些要点和一些注意事项.     

肉牛的饲养管理与育肥

1肉牛饲养管理 1.1犊牛饲养管理 犊牛出生1 h后直接吸食母乳.从2周龄开始用牛奶拌少量精料引诱犊牛舔食.从3周开始应喂给少量青干草或青绿饲草.4周龄后,每头每天补喂精料0.5～1 kg.哺乳期以5～6个月为宜.犊牛的管理:1)及时做好犊牛的气肿疽、布氏杆菌、结核病疫苗的预防接种.2)保证牛舍适宜温度不低于0℃,舍内外清洁卫生.3)保证犊牛每天有2～3 h室外活动时间,经常观察犊牛精神状态及粪便,发现异常及时治疗.     

犊牛肺炎的致病原因及综合防治措施

犊牛的饲养管理直接影响整个牛群的生长发育.犊牛肺炎是由于饲养管理不当或由细菌、病毒、寄生虫等病原体感染导致的呼吸道传染性疾病.患病的犊牛机体抵抗力下降、生长发育受阻、机体消瘦,死亡率高,给养牛业造成巨大的经济损失.临床上需通过加强饲养管理、接种疫苗来预防犊牛肺炎的发生.另外采取科学的防治措施,避免肺炎的大规模发生,从而减少养牛业的经济损失.     

肉牛养殖场犊牛的饲养管理

肉牛养殖场中初生犊牛的护理、饲养管理以及犊牛的早期断奶管理好坏是决定肉牛养殖效益好坏的关键因素,笔者仅就在肉牛养殖场中犊牛的饲养管理谈一下自己的体会.     

犊牛的饲养管理

犊牛是指出生后至6月龄的小牛.犊牛饲养管理的正确与否,对奶牛成年体型、采食粗饲料的能力以及到成年期后的产乳和繁殖性能都有极其重要的影响.因此,加强犊牛的饲养管理非常重要.     

群饲犊牛培育和犊牛腹泻的预防

1 犊牛培育 1)加强母牛妊娠后期的饲养管理.母牛妊娠后期的饲养管理直接影响犊牛出生率和生后体重的增长.所以加强母牛妊娠后期的饲养管理,保证胎儿正常生长发育,增强抵抗力,可提高断乳犊牛的成活率.     

哺乳犊牛饲养模式与环境调控技术研究进展

哺乳犊牛处于奶牛生长抗逆性最差的阶段,对于饲养管理和环境具有更高的需求.但是哺乳犊牛的饲养模式及其环境管理一直存在模式选择不合理、环境控制机械化程度低、空气质量较差等问题,导致犊牛的患病率增加,甚至会增加犊牛死亡率、延缓生长、延长初次受胎成功的时间,从而影响奶牛场的整体效益.哺乳犊牛常用的饲养模式为舍内群养、舍内单栏饲...     

如何提高犊牛的成活率

犊牛一般指0～6月龄的小牛,是整个牛群的基础,哺乳期犊牛的生理机能变化大,可塑性强.犊牛阶段的饲养管理好坏关系到其成年以后的生产性能的高低.因此,抓好犊牛的饲养管理,提高成活率,培养健康犊牛群,是奶牛生产的第一步,也是提高牛群质量、创建高产牛群的重要基础.提高犊牛成活率无论对规模化养殖场,还是个体养牛户来说,在发展生产、提高经济效益方面都具有十分重要的意义,而我们在日常的饲养管理中还存在许多问题,造成犊牛生长发育迟缓甚至死亡,给生产造成巨大的损失.因此在日常的饲养管理中应认真做好以下几方面:     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.