温毒清浸膏对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

温毒清浸膏是以清瘟败毒散为基础方,进行加减化裁而来,主要由金银花、石膏、连翘、栀子等组成,本试验以艾维茵肉鸡为试验动物,研究温毒清浸膏对禽免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明,试验各组与对照组比较,免疫器官指数、淋巴细胞转化率、血清中抗体水平3项指标均有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

中兽药新制剂清瘟败毒颗粒对鸡人工感染支气管炎的防治试验

鸡传染性支气管炎是一种急性高度接触性呼吸道传染病,影响鸡的产蛋量和蛋品质。本研究以鸡传染性支气管炎病毒标准株M41人工感染21日龄700只海兰褐雏鸡,使其发病。接种病毒前后在饮水中分别添加不同剂量的清瘟败毒颗粒,以清瘟败毒散为对照治疗组,观察不同处理鸡的临床症状、发病率、病理变化和死亡率等。结果表明：饮水中添加0．z5％o清瘟败毒颗粒,对IBV标准株M41的攻毒保护作用与阳性对照组相比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;清瘟败毒颗粒低剂量治疗组与高、中剂量治疗组及清瘟败毒散治疗组之间差异显著,因水中添加0．5‰清瘟败毒颗粒,对人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎治疗作用明显,治愈率达88．00％,显著高于清瘟败毒散治疗组（P〈0．05）。     

清瘟败毒浸膏对NDV人工感染鸡的疗效试验

选用不同浓度清瘟败毒浸膏（饮水中添加0.5、1.0和1.5g/只）对鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）攻毒鸡只进行治疗,观察试验鸡的发病率、痊愈率、死亡率和体内抗体效价测定。结果发现清瘟败毒浸膏各组的发病率、死亡率、痊愈率和抗体效价均极显著差异于阳性对照组（P〈0.01）,其中中、高剂量组优于低剂量组金刚烷胺对照组。结果表明清瘟败毒浸膏对鸡新城疫有明显的治疗作用,且以1.0g/只清瘟败毒浸膏给药效果最佳。     

复方中药混菌发酵制剂对AA肉鸡免疫功能的影响

为考察复方中药混菌发酵制剂对AA肉鸡免疫功能的影响,试验选取健康AA肉鸡400只,随机分成5组,每组设5个重复。试验鸡在新城疫活疫苗(La Sota株)免疫时分别应用复方中药制剂和复方中药混菌发酵制剂连用7 d,并于14、28日龄分别进行白细胞、淋巴细胞计数和测定T-淋巴细胞阳性率、免疫器官指数及新城疫抗体效价等免疫指标。结果与空白对照组相比,复方中药混菌发酵制剂可显著或极显著提高鸡的白细胞、淋巴细胞数量,T-淋巴细胞阳性率、免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体水平(P0.05或P0.01);与药物对照组相比,复方中药混菌发酵制剂中、高剂量组可显著提高淋巴细胞数量、免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体水平(P0.05),复方中药混菌发酵制剂用药剂量可以减半使用。表明复方中药混菌发酵制剂能显著地促进肉鸡淋巴细胞的增殖、免疫器官发育和疫苗抗体的产生,增强机体的免疫功能。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的疗效分析

目的：探讨鸡传染性支气管炎采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治效果。方法：选取人工感染传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）标准株M41的海兰褐雏鸡作研究对象,于攻毒前后取3种剂量不同的参灵清瘟败毒口服液在饮水中加入,评价对鸡传染性支气管炎的防治效果。结果：低剂量组死亡率为17.50%、中剂量死亡率为12.50%、高剂量死亡率为12.82%,同抗病毒1号治疗效果相当,明显低于攻毒对照组（P<0.05）,提示针对雏鸡感染IBVM41,采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗,作用显著。结论：针对鸡传染性支气管炎,采用参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治,作用显著,推荐剂量为药液0.75 ml,兑水1 L,在饮水中加入自由饮服,共用5 d,效果理想。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的疗效研究

探讨参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的临床疗效。选择800羽患有鸡传染性支气管炎的病鸡,随机分为A组、B组各400羽。A组给予参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗,B组给予肾传肿速康和阿莫西林治疗。A组有效率(97.25%)明显高于B组(93.50%,P0.05)。参灵清瘟败毒口服液治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的效果较好,可以迅速缓解临床症状,提高治愈率。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

参芪清瘟败毒口服液是由清热解毒、补气固本、止咳平喘、通肾利尿等的中药组方制成的口服液。具有抗病毒、抗炎、提高机体免疫力等功能[1]。为探讨该口服液对机体的免疫作用机制,我们对服用本方后小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)、腹腔吞噬细胞、淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白以及补体的有关免疫指标进行了研究。1材料与方法1.1实验动物选择体重为(16±2)g小鼠,雌雄各半,由商丘医药高等专科学校实验中心提供。1.2药品与试剂参灵清瘟败毒口服液由商丘“天一”生物技术有限公司提供,批号20040401;黄芪多糖口服液,黑龙江生物制品一厂生产,批号20040801;RPMI…     

鸡非典型新城疫的诊治

鸡非典型性新城疫是目前影响我国养鸡业的主要发病类型,病鸡主要表现全身症状和神经症状,感染鸡生产性能下降;目前没有化学药物能治疗本病,可尝试用中药清瘟败毒散治疗感染鸡;预防本病必须加强鸡场的消毒和管理,对鸡群进行科学免疫。     

鸡新城疫纳米蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫作用机理

采取单因素随机分组的试验设计,研究了以蜂胶纳米蜂胶颗粒作为佐剂的新城疫灭活疫苗对鸡的免疫保护效果,测定了免疫器官指数的影响、体液免疫的变化、以及对腹腔巨噬细胞活性的影响。疫苗免疫后7d攻毒,免疫保护率为70.0%。在注射后7d,胸腺指数:A组与B组和C组相比各周均无显著性差异(P0.05),但可看出A组有提高的趋势,D组其胸腺指数也高于E组,注射后21d时差异显著(P0.05)。免疫后每周所测抗体结果均为A组最高,B组次之,C组最差。A组产生抗体早,B组与之相比产生抗体的高峰期晚。该疫苗能促进鸡免疫器官的生长、发育和成熟,促进免疫细胞的分化和增殖,使血液循环中T淋巴细胞增多,使腹腔巨噬细胞活性增强。蜂胶苗产生抗体早,可以获得早期保护。     

参灵清瘟败毒口服液防治鸡传染性支气管炎试验

以传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)标准株M41人工感染3周龄海兰褐雏鸡致其发病,于攻毒前后在饮水中加入3种剂量的参灵清瘟败毒口服液,观察试验鸡的临床症状、病理变化、发病率和死亡率,评价参灵清瘟败毒口服液对鸡传染性支气管炎的预防和治疗效果。结果表明,提前给予参灵清瘟败毒口服液对IBVM41攻击具有保护作用,保护率达86.9%;在攻毒后给予3种剂量的参灵清瘟败毒口服液,可有效治疗人工感染性鸡传染性支气管炎,治愈率达82.3%~87.0%;推荐剂量为0.75 mL药液兑水1 L,自由饮服,连用5 d。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.