心脏的神经生物活性物质研究进展

综述了近年来有关心脏的神经生物活性物质的研究概况,内容涉及神经肽类的神经降压肽、血管活性肠肽、Ｐ物质、降钙素基因相关肽和神经肽Ｙ,以及非肽类的神经生物活性物质一氧化氮和一氧化碳等的分布和机能。     

Xenin(类爪蟾肽)研究进展

Xenin是1990年发现的含有25个氨基酸的神经肽,为两栖类爪蟾肽(xenopsin)的类似物,在结构上与神经降压肽(neurotensin,NT)有关,属于爪蟾肽/神经降压肽/Xenin家族的一员。Xenin能结合神经降压肽受体1(NTR1),具有抑制摄食、抑制胃泌素刺激的胃酸分泌,促进胰的外分泌,影响小肠和大肠的运动等作用。文献中未见对家畜Xenin及其受体分布定位和生理功能的研究。     

食欲肽及其受体

下丘脑在动物摄食及机体能量平衡中起重要作用。已经发现由下丘脑分泌的多种激素、神经肽等在调节机体摄食中具有重要作用。最近从下丘脑外侧区分离出 2种新的神经肽—食欲肽A和食欲肽B ,它们经蛋白水解作用来自于同一前体—前食欲肽原 ,具有促进动物摄食的作用。这为下丘脑外侧区在调节摄食提供了新的分子基础     

C型尿钠肽信号转导机制及其对雌性动物生殖机能的调控

C型尿钠肽(C-type natriuretic peptide,CNP)为尿钠肽家族成员之一,在维持动物心血管系统功能稳态、促进骨骼生长及调控细胞增殖等方面发挥了重要作用。研究表明,CNP是动物体内维持卵母细胞减数分裂阻滞的关键物质,在维持卵母细胞减数分裂阻滞的同时,促进了卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟。另外,CNP在调控动物物妊娠和胎儿发育方面亦发挥了重要作用。因此,本文综述了CNP结构、信号转导机制及对雌性动物生殖机能的影响,为科学合理的调控动物卵泡发育、促进卵母细胞成熟及维持妊娠和胎儿发育,进而提高家畜的繁殖力提供理论基础。     

饲养畜禽容易忽视的东西——食盐

<正>在家畜饲养过程中,有的养殖户很重视优质饲草和精饲料的供给,但往往对家畜添喂食盐不够重视。这对家畜的生长发育是非常不利的,时间长了会引发家畜各种疾病,甚至造成死亡,给养殖户带来经济损失。所以,养殖户在饲养家畜过程中不能忽略了添加食盐。食盐主要由钠和氯构成,是家畜不可缺少的矿物质元素。给家畜饲喂食盐是因为钠和氯在家畜体内与钙、磷不同,主要存在于血液和体液中,     

蜂螫过敏机理探讨及对策

加工与利用蜂毒的化学成分非常复杂,有酶类:透明质酸酶、磷脂酶A2、酸性磷酸酶等;肽类:蜂毒肽(蜂毒溶血肽)、蜂毒神经肽、肥大细胞脱粒肽(MCD肽)、阿度拉平、心脏肽、普鲁卡胺;生物活性胺类:组织胺、北京师范大     

家畜肾衰竭的症状与治疗

1临床症状1.1水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调钠、水平衡失调。家畜出现慢性肾衰竭时常有钠、水潴留。如果摄入过量的钠和水,易引起体液过多,而发生水肿、高血压和心力衰竭。家畜水肿时常伴有低纳血症,这是由于摄入水过多的结果。慢性肾衰竭很少有高钠血症。钾平衡失调。家畜出现慢性肾衰竭时,残余的每个肾单位的远端小管排钾都增加。     

开胃素(Orexin)的研究进展

Orexin是 1 998年发现的一种神经肽 ,参与摄食、睡眠和觉醒、内脏活动和内分泌的调节。本文简要综述了Orexin及其受体的化学结构、分布定位、生理功能及作用机理 ,为深入研究家畜Orexin的生理作用和开发应用提供了资料。     

蜜蜂所在神经肽调控蜜蜂行为研究中取得新进展

<正>我所"蜜蜂蛋白质组学创新团队"开展了蜜蜂大脑神经肽组学研究,并首次阐明了神经肽对蜜蜂社会行为和产浆行为的调控机制,研究结果发表在蛋白质组学研究重要学术期刊《Journal of Proteome Research》上。神经肽是一类具有生物活性的多肽类物质,在调控神经元信号传递、神经回路和生理功能中发挥极其重要的作用。该研究通过对工蜂4个关键时期(刚出房、7日龄、哺育蜂、采集蜂)大脑神经肽的分析,在所鉴     

神经内分泌细胞在鸭胸腺中的表达特征

应用免疫组化技术并结合图像分析软件研究了β-内啡肽、胃泌素、胰高血糖素、5-羟色胺、血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y、生长抑素细胞在鸭胸腺中的表达特征。结果显示：7种神经内分泌细胞在胸腺中呈强阳性表达;β-内啡肽阳性细胞在皮质部较多,而胃泌素、胰高血糖素、5-羟色胺、血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y、生长抑素阳性细胞在髓质和皮髓质交界区的数量高于皮质部;除胰高血糖素外,其余6种神经内分泌激素在胸腺小体中呈不同程度的阳性反应。本试验结果说明,鸭胸腺不仅是中枢免疫器官,而且具有重要的神经内分泌功能;β-内啡肽阳性细胞在T淋巴细胞的发育中发挥重要作用;胃泌素、胰高血糖素、5-羟色胺、生长抑素、血管活性肠肽、神经肽Y阳性细胞在髓质部和皮髓质交界区的表达有利于其通过内分泌、自分泌或旁分泌方式调节T细胞的发育。同时,也探讨了胸腺小体的功能。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.