不同中药对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞抗氧化能力的影响

为研究中药对奶牛乳腺抗氧化能力的影响,选取7种中草药(王不留行、黄芪、漏芦、木通、通草、蒲公英、甲珠)测定其对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞抗氧化能力的影响.测定了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)质量分数、一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性.结果表明中药组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性高于或显著高于正常对照组(P＞0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),MDA、NO、NOS质量分数低于或显著低于正常对照组(P＞0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).中药能减少脂质过氧化产物MDA的生成,同时提高奶牛抗氧化酶活性,增强了奶牛的抗氧化能力.     

桦木酸对小鼠免疫器官抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究桦木酸(BA)对小鼠免疫器官抗氧化能力的影响.选取健康的昆明系小鼠28只,随机分为4组(每组7只),每天每只分别按每千克体重0、0.25、0.50、1.00 mg的剂量给予BA,BA混悬于0.2 mL1％可溶性淀粉溶液中.以灌胃方式给予,每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d后,检测各组小鼠脾脏和胸腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GHS-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).结果表明:BA可使小鼠脾脏和胸腺中SOD、GSH-Px活性以及T-AOC升高,MDA含量降低.其中,每千克体重灌胃0.50 mg BA能显著或极显著提高脾脏和胸腺中GSH-Px活性和T-AOC(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),显著或极显著降低胸腺和脾脏中MDA含量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);每千克体重灌胃1.00 mg BA能显著或极显著提高脾脏和胸腺中SOD活性、T-AOC以及脾脏中GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),极显著降低胸腺和脾脏中MDA含量(P＜0.01).由此得出,BA能有效地增强小鼠免疫器官的抗氧化能力.     

地克珠利对球虫感染雏鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响

选择120只14日龄雏鸡,随机分为对照组(Ⅰ)、感染组(Ⅱ)和地克珠利组(Ⅲ),每组40只.除Ⅰ组外,其余每只鸡口服感染8.0x104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊,分别于感染后第0、3、6、9、12天,每组随机取鸡5只,心脏采血,对血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定.结果表明,与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组血清SOD活性在感染后3、6、9 d极显著降低(P《0.01),GSH-Px活性在感染后6 d下降显著(p《0.05),MDA含量和CAT活性均表现不同程度的升降,但差异不显著(p》0.05).在感染高峰期(6 d),Ⅲ组血清SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性虽然与Ⅱ组的差异未达显著水平,但分别较其提高了7.33%、19.82%和52.08%,MDA含量降低了14.58%,且GSH-Px、CAT活性与MDA含量与Ⅰ组比较差异不显著.提示地克珠利在一定程度上能增强球虫感染鸡的抗氧化能力.     

牛磺酸对后备蛋鸭机体抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究玉米一豆粕型无鱼粉日粮中不同牛磺酸的添加量对笼养后备蛋鸭机体抗氧化功能的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择12周龄、健康、体重相近的金定蛋鸭180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米一豆粕无鱼粉日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.05％、0.10％、0.15％和0.20％的牛磺酸,试验期为6周.结果表明,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加0.15％牛磺酸可以显著提高血清还原型谷胱甘肽酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P＜0.05),并且显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P＜0.05);在日粮中添加0.10％和0.15％牛磺酸可以显著提高肝脏GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC和CAT活性(P＜0.05),并且显著降低MDA含量(P＜0.05).结果提示,在笼养后备蛋鸭日粮中添加0.10％的牛磺酸,可显著提高机体抗氧化性能,并且经济效益最佳.     

黄芪多糖对鸡抗氧化功能的影响

目的:观察不同浓度的黄芪多糖(APS)对正常罗曼雏鸡血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、GR活性及MDA含量的影响。方法:将80只1日龄健康罗曼雏鸡随机分为4组,每组20只。分别于1日龄皮下注射生理盐水以及不同浓度的APS(12.5 mg/mL、25 mg/mL、50 mg/mL),0.2 mL/只,连续注射7 d,分别在第7、14、21、28、35、42天采血,测定血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、GR的活性及MDA含量。结果:使用APS后,雏鸡血清SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、GR活性均显著升高(P0.05),MDA含量均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:APS可提高鸡的抗氧化能力。     

微小隐孢子虫感染对大鼠心、脑抗氧化功能的影响

80只SPF级SD系大鼠随机分成地塞米松免疫抑制感染组和对照组(n=40),免疫抑制感染组大鼠一次性接种1×106/L微小隐孢子虫卵囊液1 mL,对照组接种1 mL生理盐水.于感染前(0 d)和感染后2,7,13,19 d分别宰杀10只大鼠,采集心脏、大脑,检测其GSH-Px、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD、总SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,大鼠感染微小隐孢子虫后,心脏组织的GSH-Px、总SOD、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD和CAT活性极显著下降(P＜0.01);DA含量极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).脑组织的GSH-Px、总SOD活性在感染后与对照组相比极显著下降(P＜0.01);DA含量在感染后极显著升高(P＜0.01),而脑组织CAT活性在感染后变化不明显.     

甘草多糖对鸡体内抗氧化活性的研究

为了研究甘草多糖的体内抗氧化活性,将150只健康罗曼鸡常规饲养到13日龄,随机分为5组,除空白对照组外均用鸡新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗(Lo Sota株)进行免疫,28日龄二免;每次免疫的同时,药物组分别肌肉注射低(1 mg·mL^-1)、中(2 mg·mL^-1)、高(4 mg·mL^-1) 3个浓度的甘草多糖1 m L,免疫组和空白对照组肌肉注射等剂量生理盐水,每天1次,连续3 d,分别于首免后第7、14、21、28和35天采血,测定血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示:甘草多糖可以显著提高罗曼鸡的T-AOC、GSH-Px和CAT活性(P<0. 05),且以高剂量组效果最好;除第14天外,3个药物组SOD含量均显著高于对照组(P<0. 05); MDA检测结果显示,甘草多糖组MDA的含量均低于对照组,但在第14和21天,低剂量组和免疫对照组差异不明显(P>0. 05)。结果表明:甘草多糖对鸡体内抗氧化活性的提高有显著作用。     

β-胡萝卜素对小鼠血液成分及SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性的影响

小鼠灌胃不同剂量的β-胡萝卜素(20、10、5 mg/kg),测定其血液生理指标及SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性.结果表明,高、中、低剂量组的β-胡萝卜素组白细胞总数、粒细胞数和中值细胞百分数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量的β-胡萝卜素组中值细胞百分数、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板和血小板压积显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),中剂量的β-胡萝卜素组血清、肝组织SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量的β-胡萝卜素组出血时间、凝血时间、血清、肝组织SOD、GSH-PX活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).     

黄芪多糖对银星竹鼠生长、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响

为探讨黄芪多糖对银星竹鼠生长、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,将96只银星竹鼠随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加200,400,600 mg/kg的黄芪多糖.预试期7d,正试期60 d,试验结束时,在对照组和生长性能较好的试验Ⅲ组中随机各选取6只竹鼠屠宰取样.结果 表明:与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ组竹鼠末重、平均日增重(ADG)显著提高,精料料重比(F/G)、粗料F/G、总F/G显著降低(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组精料平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P＜0.05).对比各组各项数据,其中试验Ⅲ组生产性能最好.试验Ⅲ组较对照组竹鼠血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(UN)含量显著降低(P＜0.05),血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著提高(P＜0.05);试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比,提高竹鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和肝脏SOD活性(P＜0.01),降低血清、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)活性(P＜0.01),提高竹鼠血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和肝脏中T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT活性(P＜0.05).因此,黄芪多糖通过调节竹鼠血清生化指标,促进蛋白质吸收,提高机体抗氧化活性和抗应激能力,从而增强竹鼠的生长性能.     

镉对PC12细胞的氧化损伤及α-硫辛酸的保护效应

为研究α-硫辛酸（α-lipoid acid,α-LA）对镉致PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护效应,通过不同浓度的醋酸镉染毒PC12细胞,并用100μmol/Lα-LA联合作用,测定PC12细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果表明：与对照组相比,10μmol/L醋酸镉处理24h组细胞MDA含量和CAT活性极显著升高（P〈0.01）,SOD和GSH-Px活性极显著降低（P〈0.01）;不同浓度镉处理组细胞内MDA含量和CAT活性显著或极显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,10和20μmol/L组SOD和GSH-Px活性极显著降低（P〈0.01）。α-LA保护组与相应染毒组相比,MDA含量和CAT活性显著降低（P〈0.05）,SOD和GSHPx活性有升高趋势,但组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。说明镉可致PC12细胞发生氧化应激,α-LA可以提高PC12细胞的抗氧化能力,对镉引起的氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Characterisation of hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase from broiler chickens

1. The hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) kinetic variables from chickens were studied in intact and disrupted microsomes using two substrates: glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and pyrophosphate (PPi). They were studied from embryonic life to 51 d of age. 2. The phosphohydrolase activity studied in the broiler chicken liver microsomes corresponds to a true glucose-6-phosphatase. 3. The enzyme VMAX with both substrates in intact and disrupted microsomes showed 2 maxima: one in 19-d-old embryos and the other in 9-d-old chickens. Pyrophosphatase (PPase) VMAX in intact microsomes was higher than that of the G-6-Pase at all ages studied, except in 12 d embryos and 3-d-old chicks. In disrupted microsomes the VMAX of both enzymatic activities were similar. The G-6-Pase latency was high in the 19-d-old embryos and 51-d-old chickens. 4. The KM for PPi and G-6-Pase decreased when microsomes were disrupted. In intact microsomes the G-6-P KM was low in embryos and 3-d-old chicks and later increased. On the other hand, the PPi KM in intact microsomes showed little change during the animal's life and was lower than that of G-6-P. In disrupted microsomes the KM for both substrates were similar. 5. These results suggest a sequential incorporation of the G-6-Pase system components in the endoplasmic reticulum.     

Economically Important Non-oncogenic Immunosuppressive Viral Diseases of Chicken—Current Status

Immunosuppressive viral diseases threaten the poultry industry by causing heavy mortality and economic loss of production, often as a result of the chickens' increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. This paper aimed to present an up-to-date review of three specific economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chickens, viz. chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), with emphasis on their immunosuppressive effects. CIA and IBD causes immunosuppression in chickens and the socio-economic significance of these diseases is considerable worldwide. CIA occurs following transovarian transmission of chicken anaemia virus and has potential for inducing immunosuppression alone or in combination with other infectious agents, and is characterized by generalized lymphoid atrophy, increased mortality and severe anemia. The virus replicates in erythroid and lymphoid progenitor cells, causing inapparent, sub-clinical infections that lead to depletion of these cells with consequent immunosuppressive effects. The IBD virus replicates extensively in IgM(+) cells of the bursa and chickens may die during the acute phase of the disease, although IBD virus-induced mortality is highly variable and depends, among other factors, upon the virulence of the virus strain. The sub-clinical form is more common than clinical IBD because of regular vaccination on breeding farms. Infection at an early age significantly compromises the humoral and local immune responses of chickens because of the direct effect of B cells or their precursors. HPS is a recently emerged immunosuppressive disease of 3-6-weeked broilers, characterized by sudden onset, high mortality, typical hydropericardium and enlarged mottled and friable livers, with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. The agent, fowl adenovirus-4, causes immunosuppression by damaging lymphoid tissues; the presence of IBD and CIA viruses may predispose for HPS or HPS may predispose for other viral infections. Synergism with CIA or other virus infections or prior immunosuppression is necessary to produce IBH-HPS in chickens and the susceptibility of chickens infected with fowl adenovirus varies throughout the course of CIA infection. The mechanism of immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses at molecular levels, which will provides new opportunities to control these diseases by vaccination.     

Experimental inoculation of avian polyomavirus in chemically and virally immunosuppressed chickens.

The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effect of various types of immunosuppressive treatments (cyclophosphamide, infectious bursal disease virus [IBDV], chicken anemia virus [CAV], and combination infection with IBDV and CAV) on susceptibility of chickens to challenge with avian polyomavirus. In the first experiment, chickens were chemically bursectomized with intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide; in the second study, chickens were orally inoculated with IBDV; in the third study, birds were intramuscularly inoculated with CAV; and in the final study, birds were inoculated with both IBDV and CAV. In all experiments, chickens were challenged with 10(4.7) tissue culture infective doses of polyomavirus intraperitoneally. Only chemically bursectomized chickens developed lesions similar to those found in the naturally occurring multisystemic fatal form of polyomavirus infection seen in psittacine nestlings, including hepatic necrosis and large pale intranuclear inclusions.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒的分子生物学及其核酸检测技术

鸡传染性贫血 (CIA)是鸡的重要的免疫抑制性疾病之一 ,以引起雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征。鸡传染性贫血病毒 (CIAV)主要引起鸡骨髓成红细胞和胸腺皮质的成淋巴细胞溶细胞感染 ,继而导致贫血和免疫抑制。该病毒在世界范围内广泛存在 ,是养鸡业潜藏的巨大威胁。文章从 CIA的危害、基本控制方法、病原的基因组及其所编码的蛋白质的功能、疾病的诊断等方面的最新进展进行了综述 ,重点介绍了病原的分子生物学研究进展及其核酸检测技术 ,并对 CIAV的研究前景进行了展望     

Chicken infectious anemia in Mexico: virus identification and serology survey.

Three chicken infectious anemia (CIA) virus strains were isolated from 10 different sick broiler and replacement chicken flocks with the MDCC-MSB1 cell line. One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated later, with the three original samples being positive in tissue culture; one induced signs and lesions, another only lesions typical for CIA. One isolate was selected for further trials and showed resistance to chloroform and heat (75 C for 5 min) and passed through a 45-nm filter membrane but did not pass through the 22-nm filter. These characteristics were similar to the Del Rose reference strain of chicken anemia virus. By electron microscopy, the diameter of particles obtained from the pellet of infected cell cultures was between 22 and 27 nm. Serology survey carried out with 580 serum samples from different poultry farms all over the country with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit gave proof of widespread seroconversion, indicating that CIA should be considered endemic to Mexico.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of chicken anemia virus from chickens in Nigeria

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) was isolated for the first time from the Nigerian chicken population. The virus was recovered from necropsied birds from broiler and pullet flocks that suffered disease outbreaks tentatively diagnosed as infectious bursal disease. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay detected CAV DNA in tissues of necropsied birds. Restriction endonuclease analysis performed with the 733-bp PCR product and the Cfo I enzyme indicated at least two different CAVs were circulating among the Nigerian chicken population. Four isolates were obtained from pooled liver and thymus tissues using the MDCC-MSB1 cell line. These isolates were found to be antigenically closely related to the Cuxhaven-1 (Cux-1) reference strain of CAV when reacted with four monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Cux-1 virus. One of the isolates (isolate A) induced thymus atrophy, bone marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings not only demonstrate that CAV is present in Nigeria, but they also likely represent the first cell culture isolation of the virus in Africa.     

鸡贫血病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

鸡贫血病毒不仅可引起鸡的传染性贫血,而且也是引起鸡免疫抑制病的主要病原。鸡传染性贫血是以雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和免疫抑制为主要特征的传染病,是导致许多疫苗免疫失败以及雏鸡死亡的主要原因之一。鸡贫血病毒在世界范围内广泛存在,是养鸡业潜藏的巨大威胁。本文主要阐述了该病毒的病毒分离鉴定、血清学方法和分子生物学方法等实验室检测方法,旨在为鸡传染性贫血病的诊断和防治提供参考。     

Pathological and immunohistochemical studies of subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus in 4-week-old chickens

Subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) at 4 to 6 weeks of age, after maternal antibodies have waned, is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks. In order to understand the pathogenesis of subclinical infection with CAV, an immunopathological study of CAV-inoculated 4-week-old SPF chickens was performed. Sixty 4-week-old SPF chickens were equally divided into CAV and control groups. The CAV group was inoculated intramuscularly with the MSB1-TK5803 strain of CAV. Neither mortality nor anemia was detected in the CAV and control groups. In the CAV group, no signs were observed, except that some chickens were grossly smaller compared with the control group. Sporadic thymus lobes appeared to be reddening and atrophied. Within the first two weeks p.i. of CAV, there was a mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus cortex and spleen in some chickens. Moreover, lymphoid depletion of the bursa of Fabricius, proventriculus and cecal tonsils was observed. Hyperplastic lymphoid foci were observed in the liver, lungs, kidneys and heart at the 4th week p.i. of CAV. Immunohistochemically, a moderate lymphoid depletion of CD4(+)and CD8(+) T cells in the thymus cortex and spleen was observed in some chickens within two weeks p.i. of CAV. CAV inclusions and antigens were detected infrequently in the thymus cortex and spleen. It could be concluded that the immunosuppression in subclinical infection with CAV occurs as a result of reduction of cellular immunity.     

鸡传染性贫血病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量及免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体不法和间接ELISE法对鸡传染性贫血病（CIA）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和血清IgG,IgM,IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：CIA疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和IgG,IgM,IgA含量均不同和蔼地高于未免疫的相对照雏鸡，表明CIA疫苗免疫母后，其子代雏鸡全身的体液上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与CIAV强毒攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫的子代雏鸡外周血液上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与CIAV强毒感染雏鸡后，其免疫器官组织，尤其是胸腺严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死子等密切相关，是导致感染鸡免疫功能低下的基础。     

1株鸡传染性贫血病毒野毒株对不同日龄SPF鸡的致病性

从山东省某商品代肉鸡场表现生长迟缓的20日龄病鸡群分离到1株鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)SDLY08株,通过口服和肌肉注射2种途径分别感染1,7,21日龄SPF鸡,12d后检测CAV对SPF鸡体质量、免疫器官和血液指标的影响。结果表明,于3个不同日龄感染后12d,SDLY08株均可导致增重减缓,胸腺显著萎缩,脾脏肿大,同时还可引起白细胞、红细胞数及红细胞压积的显著减少。且1日龄和7日龄鸡易感性大于21日龄鸡,肌肉注射比口服感染组的致病性更强。