两种木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和养分代谢率的影响

试验旨在探讨不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响。将1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡540羽,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复30羽,试验期42 d。对照组饲喂小麦-玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验A、B组分别饲喂基础日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶和200 g/t细菌产木聚糖酶的试验日粮,木聚糖酶酶活均为30 000 IU/g。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验A、B组的平均日增重和粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷的表观代谢率及日粮表观代谢能均显著提高（P < 0.05）,料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）,粗蛋白质表观代谢率分别提高了5.90%（P < 0.05）和3.54%（P > 0.05）。试验A、B组之间各测定指标没有显著差异（P > 0.05） 。上述结果表明日粮中添加200 g/t木霉产木聚糖酶或细菌产木聚糖酶均能提高养分代谢率,改善肉鸡生长性能,木霉产木聚糖酶的效果稍好于细菌产木聚糖酶。     

细菌性木聚糖酶对21～49日龄黄羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选择21日龄健康、体重相近的雌性黄羽肉仔鸡300羽,随机分成5个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复20只鸡,分别饲喂添加0、150、200、250 mL/t和300 mL/t细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮,探讨小麦基础日粮中细菌性木聚糖酶添加水平时黄鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响,试验期为28 d.结果表明,在小麦基础日粮中添加细菌性木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡生产性能和经济效益,且以添加250 mL/t效果最佳.     

小麦型日粮中添加限制性酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响

文章旨在研究小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡800只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只。共开展两个试验,试验1共5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～28 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶21～28 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶14～28 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶7～28 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～28 d);试验2同样5种日粮:对照组(小麦型1～36 d),处理1(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶27～36 d),处理2(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶18～36 d),处理3(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶9～36 d),处理4(小麦型日粮+0.3 g/kg木聚糖酶1～36 d)。结果显示:1～28 d肉鸡饲喂添加木聚糖日粮较未添加组和21～28 d显著提高了肉鸡的末重(P <0.05);与对照组相比,各处理组在15～21 d,22～28 d和1～28 d料重比均表现为显著降低(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组(无酶)或27～36 d组显著提高了肉鸡末重(P <0.05);试验期间(1～36 d)添加木聚糖酶较对照组和27～36 d添加木聚糖酶组显著降低了料重比(P <0.05)。1～36 d肉鸡日粮添加木聚糖酶较对照组显著降低了回肠内容物黏度(P <0.05)。结论 :在小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶可以有效促进肉鸡生长后期的生长,而整个试验期不需要一直添加木聚糖酶。     

内源酶复配于复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选取1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡288只,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每重复12羽。研究在玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮中,降低日粮代谢能水平50kcal/kg并添加复合酶(含有木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶)和复合酶 内源酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响,并探讨在复合酶中有无必要复配内源酶。结果表明:降能50kcal/kg影响了肉鸡的生产性能,而酶制剂的添加能提高肉鸡的日增重,降低采食量和料重比;另外,添加100g/t组与300g/t组获得了相近的生产性能,因此两种酶制剂的最适添加量为100g/t;复合酶组获得了比复合酶 内源酶组更好的生产性能,说明复合酶中没必要配入内源酶。结果提示,酶制剂能较好的提高肉仔鸡日粮的代谢能值,试验酶制剂至少提升肉仔鸡日粮代谢能50kcal/kg,复合酶中没必要复配入内源酶。     

不同能量日粮中添加脂肪酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

选取1日龄的黄羽肉鸡900只，随机平均分为6组，每组3个重复。试验组在对照组基础日粮上分别添加100、200、300g/t 脂肪酶，低能量日粮组则分别在基础日粮上降低30kcal能量和50kcal能量并同时添加200g/t和300g/t脂肪酶，以观察脂肪酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加200g/t浓度的脂肪酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡体增重、采食量，降低了料重比。在低能量组中加入过多的脂肪酶则显著降低了黄羽肉鸡的采食量和增重。试验表明饲料中添加脂肪酶可以明显提高黄羽肉鸡生产性能。     

小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验在小麦型基础日粮中分别添加木聚糖酶0、50、100、150、200g/t饲料(5000U/g酶)饲喂12日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,观察木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能影响不显著(P0.05),单位增重饲料成本以添加量50 g/t(即每1 kg饲料含250 U木聚糖酶)的有效含量为佳。     

木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和肠道内源酶活性的影响

448只1日龄科宝48肉鸡随机分为4组,每组7个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和在基础日粮中添加500、1000、1500U/kg木聚糖酶的试验日粮,研究在肉鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、内源酶活性变化的影响。结果表明:添加500、1000、1500U/kg木聚糖酶均能显著提高肉鸡的日增重和改善饲料转化率(P0.05),并有提高采食量的趋势,显著提高了前肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

为研究小麦型日粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,选择22日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复25羽.对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验I、II组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮.试验期为28 d.结果表明,小麦型日粮中分别添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡腹脂率(P<0.01),而对全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有影响(P>0.05); 显著提高了黄羽肉鸡法氏囊指数(P<0.01)以及血清中T3(P>0.05)、T4、IgA(P<0.01)和IgM(P<0.01)水平,且均表现出试验II组>试验I组>对照组的规律,但脾脏指数却相反.结果提示,两种来源木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率和增强机体免疫功能,且细菌性木聚糖酶的提高幅度均高于真菌性木聚糖酶.     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

为研究小麦型日粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,选择22日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复25羽。对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,小麦型日粮中分别添加250mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡腹脂率（P〈0.01）,而对全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有影响（P〉0.05）;显著提高了黄羽肉鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）以及血清中T3（P〉0.05）、T4、IgA（P〈0.01）和IgM（P〈0.01）水平,且均表现出试验Ⅱ组〉试验Ⅰ组〉对照组的规律,但脾脏指数却相反。结果提示,两种来源木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率和增强机体免疫功能,且细菌性木聚糖酶的提高幅度均高于真菌性木聚糖酶。     

复合酶制剂在广东麻黄肉鸡中的应用试验

试验通过在日粮中添加复合酶制剂,研究复合酶制剂对广东麻黄肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:①在肉鸡低能量玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加复合酶,有提高肉鸡日增重的趋势;负对照组日粮中添加AB酶100g/t后不影响肉鸡的生产性能。②肉鸡日粮中添加复合酶有提高肉鸡血清中血糖浓度的趋势;1～30日龄肉鸡血清中尿素氮浓度有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);34～57日龄肉鸡血清中尿素氮浓度显著降低;肉鸡日粮中添加AB酶100g/t显著提高了30日龄肉鸡血清中总蛋白的浓度;对57日龄肉鸡有提高血清中总蛋白的趋势。     

真菌产与细菌产木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、小肠绒毛形态和血液生化指标影响的比较

本文旨在探讨2种木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、消化器官发育、小肠绒毛形态和血液生化指标的影响。将1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡540羽随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复30羽。对照组饲喂玉米-小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验A组、B组分别饲喂基础饲粮+200 g/t真菌产木聚糖酶、基础饲粮+200 g/t细菌产木聚糖酶。试验期42 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)试验组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比均有一定程度的降低,其中试验A组显著降低(P0.05);2)试验组血清葡萄糖含量及碱性磷酸酶和肌酸激酶活性显著提高(P0.05),血清中甘油三脂、尿素氮含量显著降低(P0.05);3)试验组腺胃和胰腺相对重量显著降低(P0.05);4)试验A组、B组空肠绒毛高度分别提高了14.81%和11.04%(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值分别提高了16.61%和12.70%(P0.05)。由此可知,在黄羽肉鸡饲粮中添加200 g/t真菌或细菌产木聚糖酶,均能改善小肠绒毛发育和机体的免疫力,提高生长性能,且2种酶之间效果差异不显著。     

Effects of Two Xylanases on Growth Performance and Nutrient Metabolizability of Yellow-feather Broilers

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of xylanases from different sources on growth performance and nutrition metabolizability of Yellow-feather broilers.540 of healthy 1-day-old Yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into three groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate,and the trial period was 42 d.The control group was fed a wheat-corn-soybean meal diet,and groups A and B fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 g/t Trichoderma xylanase (30 000 IU/g) and bacterial xylanase (30 000 IU/g), respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the average daily gain,apparent metabolizability of crude fat,crude fiber,calcium and phosphorus,and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly higher (P < 0.05),the F/G were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in both groups A and B,their apparent metabolizabilities of crude protein increased by 5.90% (P < 0.05) and 3.54% (P > 0.05), respectively.There were no significant differences for all the determined indexes between groups A and B (P > 0.05).The supplementation of Trichoderma xylanase or bacterial xylanase at 200 g/t could improve nutrient metabolizability,thus improve growth performance of broilers,while the effects of Trichoderma xylanase were better than that of bacterial xylanase.     

小麦日粮中木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长和养分消化率的影响

432只艾维因肉仔鸡用于研究小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶(320FXU/kg)或添加750U/kg植酸酶降低日粮中0.08％的非植酸磷后,对生长性能、日粮表观代谢能、粗蛋白和植酸磷表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明:无论是单一添加木聚糖酶或植酸酶,还是同时添加这两种酶,都能提高1-6周龄肉仔鸡的增重和饲料转化率,降低死亡率。添加木聚糖酶可提高肉仔鸡小麦日粮的表观代谢能2.14％,增加氮的存留量2.58％。750U/kg的植酸酶完全可以降低肉仔鸡小麦日粮中0.08％非植酸磷。添加植酸酶的处理组可提高植酸磷的表观消化率43.25％,减少植酸磷排泄量55.0％。植酸酶和木聚糖酶对全期饲料转化率和植酸磷的表观消化率表现有明显的正互作效应(P<0.05)。     

Effects of Multiple-Enzyme Mixtures on Growth Performance of Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Diets

Two experiments were conducted under hot and cool seasons to investigate the effects of multiple-enzyme mixtures on the growth performance of broilers fed reduced energy corn-soybean meal diets. Broilers responded to enzyme supplementation with greater magnitude in the hot season (experiment 1) than in the cool season (experiment 2). Adding adequate activity levels of α-amylase, β-glucanase, and xylanase to broiler starter and grower corn-soybean diets with a 3% reduction in dietary ME allowed full restoration of growth performance of broilers comparable to those fed the adequate energy positive control diet regardless of season.     

Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus

1. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of microbial phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digesta viscosity, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed on wheat-soy diets containing adequate phosphorus (P). The wheat-soy basal diet was formulated to contain 4.5 g/kg non-phytate P and the experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal diet with xylanase (1000 xylanase units/kg diet), phytase (500 phytase units/kg diet) or a combination of phytase and xylanase. 2. Supplemental phytase improved the weight gains and feed efficiency by 17.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Corresponding improvements due to the addition of xylanase were 16.5 and 4.9%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase caused no further improvements in broiler performance. 3. Individual additions of xylanase or phytase resulted in numerical improvements in apparent metabolisable energy (AME), but the differences were not significant. The combination of the two enzymes significantly increased AME. Addition of xylanase and the combination of the two enzymes reduced the viscosity of digesta in all sections of the intestine. Phytase supplementation reduced digesta viscosity in the duodenum and ileum, but not in the jejunum. 4. Enzyme supplementation lowered the relative weight and length of the small intestine. Additions of xylanase and phytase reduced the relative weight of the small intestine by 15.5 and 11.4%, respectively, while the corresponding reductions in the relative length of the small intestine were 16.5 and 14.1%, respectively. The combination of phytase and xylanase had no further effects on the relative weight and length of the small intestine compared with the xylanase group. 5. The addition of phytase increased villus height in the duodenum and decreased the number of goblet cells in the jejunum compared with those on the unsupplemented basal diet. Xylanase supplementation tended to increase goblet cell numbers in the duodenum and decreased crypt depth in thejejunum. The combination of phytase and xylanase increased villus height in the ileum and crypt depth in thejejunum and ileum. 6. In summary, the present results showed that the addition of a microbial phytase, produced by solid state fermentation and containing significant activities of beta-glucanase and xylanase, was as effective as xylanase in improving the performance of broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets containing adequate levels of P. Improved performance with enzyme supplementation was generally associated with reduced digesta viscosity, increased AME, and reduced relative weight and length of small intestine.     

Effects of exogenous enzymes in corn-based and Canadian pearl millet-based diets with reduced soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal nutrient digestibility, villus development, and selected microbial populations in broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to compare a commercial corn-soybean meal diet with a pearl millet diet containing less soybean meal (-27%), alone or in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, jejunal villus development, ileal CP, and AA digestibility, and cecal microbial populations in broilers. One hundred sixty 1-d-old male Ross 508 broilers (5/cage) were randomly allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) a standard corn-soybean meal control diet (CTL); 2) a pearl millet-soybean meal diet (PM); 3) CTL + exogenous enzymes (CE); and 4) PM + exogenous enzymes (PE) with 8 replicate cages/treatment. The PM and PE diets contained less soybean meal because of greater CP and AA contents of pearl millet. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly over 35 d. At d 21 and 35, 8 broilers per treatment were euthanized for sample collection and analyses. Gain-to-feed was greater (P < 0.01) for pearl millet- than corn-based diets. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and most AA was similar between corn-based and pearl millet-based diets, and enzyme supplementation improved AID of CP (P < 0.01) and most AA at both d 21 and 35. However, for AID of some AA at d 21, the response to enzyme supplementation was less pronounced in broilers fed pearl millet-based diets than those fed corn-based diets (grain × enzyme, P ≤ 0.05). The villus was longer (P < 0.01) in broilers fed PM and PE than CTL and CE at d 35. Similarly, at d 35, lactobacilli loads were greater (P < 0.01) in broilers fed PM and PE than CTL and CE. It is concluded that, in comparison with corn, broiler diets formulated with pearl millet require less soybean meal and can be used to improve growth performance traits, intestinal lactobacilli populations, and villus development, whereas enzyme supplementation increases AID of CP and AA.     

Influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract parameters and digesta viscosity of broiler starters

1. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, and gross morphological and histological parameters of the digestive tract of broiler starters fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two wheat particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of xylanase supplementation (without or with 1000 xylanase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole wheat in a hammer mill to pass through 3 and 7 mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on wheat and soybean meal, were formulated and each diet was fed ad libitum to 6 pens of 8 male broilers each from d 1 to 21 post-hatch. 2. Wheat particle size had no effect on the performance of broilers. Xylanase supplementation had no effect on weight gain and feed intake. However, a significant particle size x xylanase interaction was observed for feed per unit gain with xylanase lowering feed per gain only in the coarse particle size diet. Xylanase supplementation improved the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy at both particle sizes. 3. Xylanase supplementation decreased the relative weight and relative length of all gut components. Villus height and crypt depth and total extent of the mucosal layer were unaffected by both wheat particle size and xylanase supplementation. 4. The apparent viscosity of intestinal digesta, determined over the physiological range of shear rates, was not influenced by xylanase addition or particle size. 5. The findings of this study suggest that the effectiveness of exogenous xylanase in broiler diets is influenced by wheat particle size.     

饲用复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲用复合酶制剂(低温淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、果胶酶和植酸酶)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响。将420只1日龄岭南黄雏鸡随机分为2组,每组3个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂(300 mg/kg低温淀粉酶、500 mg/kg固态发酵的天然复合酶和100 mg/kg植酸酶)。试验分前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～50 d)共50 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲用复合酶制剂提高了岭南黄鸡前期的日增重、血清磷、铁、锌含量和后期的血清磷含量(P<0.05),降低了后期及全期的耗料增重比以及后期的血清尿酸含量(P<0.05);添加复合酶制剂提高了50 d肉鸡十二指肠黏膜绒毛高度(P<0.05),降低了隐窝深度(P<0.05),并且提高了全期十二指肠内容物中淀粉酶活力和前期胰蛋白酶活力(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,饲用复合酶制剂能促进肉鸡肠道发育,增强消化酶活性,提高饲料转化率,并达到改善血清生化指标的效果。     

Influence of partial replacement of ground wheat with whole wheat and exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and energy utilization in young broilers

This study investigated the influence of pre‐pelleting inclusion of whole wheat (WW) and exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance, coefficient of apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (CAID) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) in broilers fed wheat‐based pelleted diets. A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used with two methods of wheat inclusion [622 g/kg ground wheat (GW) and 250 g/kg WW replaced GW (wt/wt) pre‐pelleting (PWW)] and three enzymes (xylanase, phytase and xylanase plus phytase). A total of 288, one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) were individually weighed and allocated to 36 cages (8 broilers/cage), and the cages were randomly assigned to the six dietary treatments. Birds fed PWW diets gained more (p < 0.05) weight than those fed GW diets. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of WW inclusion on feed intake (FI). Phytase alone increased (p < 0.05) FI compared to xylanase or the combination. Whole wheat inclusion increased (p < 0.05) the gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F). Feeding xylanase plus phytase and phytase‐added diets resulted in the greatest and lowest G:F, respectively, with xylanase supplemented diets being intermediate. Birds fed PWW diets had greater (p < 0.05) relative gizzard weights than those fed GW diets. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of WW inclusion on the CAID of nitrogen (N), starch and fat. Combination of xylanase and phytase resulted in greater (p < 0.05) digestibility of N, starch and fat than that of individual additions. Feeding PWW diets resulted in greater (p < 0.05) AME values than GW diets. Combination of xylanase and phytase increased (p < 0.05) the AME compared to the diets with individual additions of xylanase or phytase. The current results suggest that the influence of pre‐pelleting WW inclusion and exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility and broiler performance is not additive.