饲粮中添加谷氨酸钠对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及肉品风味的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加谷氨酸钠对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及肉品风味的影响.将800只42日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡按照体重随机分为4组(每组5个重复,每个重复40只鸡),分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、270、540、1 080 mg/kg谷氨酸钠的饲粮,饲喂至63日龄时结束试验.结果表明,饲粮中添加谷氨酸钠对黄羽肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(...     

日龄和饲粮添加大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡肠道结构、紧密连接蛋白和防御肽mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究黄羽肉鸡早期发育过程中肠道结构和功能发育的变化,以及在饲粮中添加大麦虫粉对其肠道结构和功能发育的影响.选取90只1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加300 g/t 15％金霉素和40 g/t 50％维吉尼亚霉素的饲粮,大麦虫...     

硒对热应激下黄羽肉鸡生产性能、血液指标、器官和肠道发育的作用

为研究硒对热应激下黄羽肉鸡生产性能、血液指标、器官和肠道发育的作用,试验选择180只32日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡,随机分为常温组、热应激组和硒添加组,每组6个重复,每重复10只鸡.常温组和热应激组饲喂基础饲粮,硒添加组在基础饲粮中添加0.3 mg/kg的硒.常温组环境为26℃,热应激组和硒添加组环境温度为35℃,试验共14 d...     

甜菜碱对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究甜菜碱对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响.选用400只1日龄雌性黄羽肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加125、250、500、1000 mg/kg甜菜碱.试验期74 d.结果表明:1)饲粮中添加甜菜碱可显著降低皮下脂肪厚度和肌间脂肪宽度(线性,...     

蝇蛆粉对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化指标的影响

选择21日龄健康黄羽肉鸡180只,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡(公母各半).试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,蝇蛆粉作为蛋白质替代添加剂使用.将饲粮中不同蝇蛆粉添加量折算为对应蛋白水平,按照黄羽肉雏鸡的标准饲粮蛋白含量调整平衡,设置以下5个处理组:添加蝇蛆粉0％+基础蛋白19％(A组,对照组)、添加蝇蛆粉...     

五倍子提取物对1～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加五倍子提取物对1～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响.选择600只1日龄初始体重为(39.75±0.02)g的健康新广901肉公雏,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加2 mg/kg恩拉霉素,五倍子1组在基...     

延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响研究

本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加适量延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响。将90只1日龄的黄羽肉鸡随机分为3个处理组(每个处理组3个重复,每个重复10只),阳性对照组:基础日粮中添加饲用抗生素(0.3 g/kg那西肽+0.25 g/kg硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂);阴性对照组:饲喂基础日粮;试验组:基础日粮中添加2 g/kg的延胡索酸。综合对比黄羽肉鸡的各项屠宰性能指标(活体重、屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率等),结果表明基础日粮中添加2g/kg延胡索酸能够提高黄羽肉鸡的屠宰性能。     

红树内生菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨红树内生菌对肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响.选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡(公鸡10只,母鸡5只).试鸡分别饲喂4种饲粮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05％、0.15％和0.45％红树内生菌的试验饲粮,试验期为21 ...     

丁酸钠对高密度饲养黄羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数和福利状况的影响

为探讨丁酸钠对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数和福利状况的影响,选用336只21日龄苏禽黄鸡(公雏),随机分成2组(分别饲喂基础饲粮和基础饲粮添加500 mg/kg微囊丁酸钠的试验饲粮),每组6个重复,每个重复28只鸡,饲养密度为19只/m2,试验期为35 d。结果表明:丁酸钠对高密度饲养黄羽肉鸡21~56日龄期间的平均日增重、平均日采食量、死亡率影响显著(P0.05),对免疫器官指数无显著性影响(P0.05);丁酸钠可显著改善高密度饲养黄羽肉鸡羽毛污染、肘关节肿大(P0.05)。由此可知,在饲粮中添加500 mg/kg微囊丁酸钠可以降低肉鸡死亡率并改善肉鸡的福利状况。     

延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

[目的]在基础日粮中添加适量延胡索酸,对比其替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响。[方法]将90只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每组设3个重复。其中,阴性对照组试验鸡只饲喂基础日粮,不添加任何抗生素成分;阳性对照组在基础饲粮中添加饲用抗生素;试验组在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg延胡索酸。试验鸡试验全程饲养管理条件相同。饲养至79 d时,每个重复中随机选取1只试验鸡,称重后屠宰,按常规屠宰率测定方法测定其屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率。[结果]试验组黄羽肉鸡在79日龄时屠宰率、半净膛率优于2个对照组(P0.05);全净膛率显著(P0.05)高于2个对照组。[结论]在该试验条件下,在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg的延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素,对黄羽肉鸡的屠宰性能有较好的效果。     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.