Study on Water Use Condition of Residents in Chongqing Small Cities

A survey has been done about the actual state of the water supply and drainage in two Chongqing Small Cities,Yongchuan and Qianjiang in Chongqing metropolitan.The results indicated that in the two cities,the requirement for the water quality of residential use depended on the family income,but still lower than the current standard value.Residents in the two cities have different reflections on the tap water quality.26.21% of residents were not or completely not satisfied with the tap water quality.74.6% of the residents were hoping the local government to improve water supply sanitation and 27.27% of residents were hoping the local government to provide direct drinking water.On the other hand,56.68% of the householders had used pure water as drinking water and more than 85% of residents were willing to pay for improving the tap water quality and treating wastewater.     

Supplying the City of Shenzhen, P. R. China with Water of Differing Quality

The pattern of supplying water of differing quality using sewage recycling,and its implementation as a strategy,are discussed through an analysis of the water shortage situation in the city of Shenzhen,P.R.China. Supplying Shenzhen with water of varying quality is proposed as a concept.The necessity and feasibility of such a water supply pattern are expounded.The pattern of water supply in Shenzhen city consists of a main water supply system and non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling.In addition,the proposal also includes using seawater and rainwater.The non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling would be used primarily in large industrial parks outside the special economic zone and in other areas around the parks.Supplying Shenzhen with water of differing qualities embodies the concepts of sewage reused as a resource and of the recycling economy.This proposal also satisfies the requirement for urban sustainable development.     

东平湖水环境研究进展与展望

为系统了解东平湖水环境以及富营养化问题,并更好地治理和预防,通过实地调查和查阅文献的方法着重对东平湖水环境历史变迁、水质污染现状和富营养化状态、污染物来源等热点问题的研究进展进行了回顾。总结出历史时期东平湖水环境变迁主要受黄河影响,直到20世纪60年代之后才主要受人类活动影响。随大汶河而来的大量工业和生活污水等外源污染与沉积物再悬浮以及菹草死亡降解等内源污染共同作用下,使得现在的东平湖已发展为中富-富营养化湖泊。最后基于东平湖水环境和治理现状以及南水北调东线工程计划就东平湖水环境发展做出了展望。     

A New Method for Assessing Water Quulity

A new method for assessing water quality is put forward by analyzing the shortage of the three present methods. The features of the new method are that the results of assessment coincide with the current standard of water quality in china,and that polluted degrels of water quality classification of assessment are also differentiated.     

Hopfield Network Models of Water Quality Evaluation

In this paper, a Hopfield model for complex water quality evaluation is presented using the artificial neural network for water quality evaluation. The model is examined with the practical data of water quality from Fengzui River located at Nanchuan city in Chongqing. The results show that Hopfield network is fit for water quality evaluation.     

周丛藻类在水质监测及净化中应用的研究进展

近年来水质污染问题逐渐引起人们的密切关注,应用生态环境工程进行水质的检测与修复得到广泛应用。周丛藻类在水环境中广泛存在,并对水质变化极其敏感,所以在检测水质的同时检测周丛藻类的群落变化,能更全面监测水质变化;同时,因为周丛藻类的耐污性或敏感性的不同,也会对一些特殊的化学成分变化特别敏感,体现出指示作用。另外,周丛藻类对水体中的一些污染物如氮、磷及一些重金属离子等具有较好的吸附与去除作用,提示周丛藻类在水质净化中同样具有很高的应用价值。本研究就对今年来周丛藻类在水质监测及净化中应用的研究进展作一综述。     

影响高浓度臭氧化水稳定性若干因素的探讨

将水质、温度、pH值3个因素对高浓度臭氧化水稳定性的影响进行了试验。试验结果表明．采用电导率为1．08×1μS／cm蒸馏水制成的臭氧化水比采用电导率为0．83×10^3μS／cm自来水制成的臭氧化水稳定,前者的半衰期为90．0min,后者的半衰期为53．7min。臭氧化水的稳定性随着水温的升高而降低。在10℃条件下,随着pH值的升高,臭氧化水的稳定性逐渐下降。     

重庆农村黑臭水体水质及底泥氮磷污染分析

对84个重庆市农村黑臭水体水质和底泥氮磷的监测数据进行统计及相关性分析,并利用综合污染指数法和有机指数法对水质和底泥污染状况进行评价。结果表明,87%的黑臭水体水质存在不同程度的氮磷污染,且50%的水体同时存在氮磷超标,河沟、沟渠较塘氮污染更为严重;底泥均受总氮、有机氮、总磷污染,70.2%的底泥存在有机污染。水质中总磷、总氮、氨氮3个指标之间存在显著正相关,底泥中有机质、总氮、总磷之间不存在显著相关关系。底泥中总磷与水质中总磷存在显著正相关关系,但相关性较弱,底泥中全氮与水质中总氮不存在显著相关关系。总体上重庆市农村黑臭水体氮磷污染以外源污染为主。     

不同土壤水分对强、弱筋小麦烘焙品质的影响

以强筋小麦济麦20和弱筋小麦宁麦9为材料,在防雨池栽条件下研究了不同土壤水分对强、弱筋小麦烘焙品质的影响。结果表明:随着土壤水分减少,强、弱筋小麦籽粒蛋白质含量显著增加。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及沉降值与小麦烘焙品质指标均呈显著相关,可以作为衡量小麦烘焙品质的参考指标。2个供试品种中,强筋小麦(济麦20)烘焙品质受土壤水分影响较大,在土壤相对含水量55%~60%条件下烘焙品质最好;而弱筋小麦(宁麦9)烘焙品质受土壤水分影响不明显。     

Study and Progress of Water Quality Model and Its Application

In the last decade, with the development of environmental science, the studies on water quality models have developed rapidly at home and abroad. The water quality models are mainly used for simulating, assessing and predicting water quality and expounding the transport and transformation of pollutants in aquatic environment, the common models in literature such as fugacity approach, transport model of pollutants in multimedia environment, pollutant exposure model, and water quality management model and so on are discussed. The current situation, history and future trend of the research on aquatic environmental model are summarized. The theories, methodology and application problems which are involved with in this field are analyzed. Several leading objects for study are advanced also in this paper.     

水流对鱼类游泳行为和生理代谢的影响的研究进展

为掌握适合鱼类生长的水流条件,对国内外现有的鱼类在不同水流条件下的行为特征及生理代谢进行了系统性的回顾,分析了水流对水质的影响,对比了不同鱼类受水流刺激导致的行为上的差异,并从鱼类生理代谢角度分析了水流对鱼类的影响。结果表明：鱼类能够承受的最大流速一般与体长(Body length, BL)有关,较低的水流速度(<0.5 bl/s)对鱼类无显著性影响,较高的水流速度(>2 bl/s)对鱼类的行为、存活率和生理代谢产生较大的负面影响,而中等的水流速度(0.5~2 bl/s)适合鱼类的生长,能够提高鱼体免疫力,增强鱼体抗氧化水平。针对当前鱼类耐受流速的研究进行展望,从实验角度进行优化,以期获得更加准确的生长-流速曲线。     

Removal Efficiency and Effect on Water Quality of Zeolite Enhanced Filtration

A new kind of filter media, zeolite, is used to enhance filtration for an improvement on tap water quality. The experimental results show that zeolite can remove not only turbidity but also ammonia-N and partial organic pollutants in water. In the experments, zeolite can remove about 65% of turbidity and over 10% of COD Mn , 95% of ammonia-N from water, the removal efficiencies of anianon detergent(LAS), chloroform and phenol are over 17.7%, 44.45% and 34% respectively, and metal ion contamination has not been found in filter effluence. Therefore, zeolite enhanced filtration is an efficiency and security method for an improvement on water quality.     

Analysis of the Effect to the Water Quality of Xiao River for Kaixian County Sewage Discharge After the Sluice of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Once the water level of the reservoir of the Three Gorges rises above 175 m, Yangtz River in Kaixian County will be changed into a lake-like reservoir which will be rare in the Three Gorges areas, and water pollution would be seriously deteriorated. In order to testify whether water quality meets the requirements of the function divisions, two-dimension water dynamics quality model and homogeneous-mixed water quality model are used to simulate polluted water disposal of Kaixian County before and after sewage purification. The analysis indicates that sewage disposal without any pretreatment will cause serious and continuous pollution; while sewage disposal after purificaiton up to standard, there are two kinds of results: in abundant and normal period , the water quality improves obviously, the water quality can meet the function of river area, but in dry seasons, the water quality improvement is not so effective, and still exceeds the control standard of the water function. To guarantee water quality of Xiaojiang River, it is proposed that, first, sewage treatment plant should run normally and continuously; second, other measures must be added to control sewage discharges in dry season.     

Study on Gross Control and Comprehensive Treatment of Urban River according to Fu River in Mianyang District, Sichuan

To provide quantificational instruments of river environmental management and Gross Control Layout of the urban river,in this paper,the water quality actuality was appraised by the standard exponent means,the functional water areas were divided,and the water quality coupling models were established in subsection.Then the water environmental capacity was calculated using VC .Finally,the value of water environmental model was constituted and its capacity was approached.The quantificational gist of the water resource everlasting exploitation and society economy sustainable development in urban river region is provided.     

故县水库水源地水质风险评估

为治理水环境生态，确保水源地水质，根据故县水库水质实测数据，应用健康风险评估模型对该水库基因毒物质和躯体毒物质的个人健康危害风险进行评估。结果表明：（1）该水库2009—2015 年各类污染物的个人健康危害年均风险为4.24×10-5，低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险值5.0×10-5/a，但高于瑞典、荷兰等国建议的最大可接受值1.0×10-5/a；（2）致癌物质通过饮水途径对人体健康危害的风险值排序为Cr>As>Cd，非致癌物质由饮水途径对人体健康危害的风险值排序为F->Cu>Pb>Hg>NH3-N>CN->Se>Zn>酚；致癌物质对人体产生的危害风险远大于非致癌物。还需加强水土保持工作、严防农业面源污染、倡导科学养殖，确保群众饮用水安全。     

多通道水质监测仪的设计与应用

为了满足福清现代农业示范园鱼类繁育基地鱼类养殖生产过程中水质多参数实时并行数据采集与监测的需求,开发了一套多参数、多通道并行的水质监测仪,实现了水质数据查询、自动监测、密码修改、报警记录、数据记录、组件检测、传感器校准、恢复出厂设置等功能。该仪器投入使用后,运行稳定,人机界面友好,操作便捷,能够满足鱼类养殖水质多参数实时并行数据采集的要求,具有实时性、可靠性以及较高的监测效率。     

不同种植密度对夏季日光温室空心菜生长的影响

为研究在夏季空闲日光温室内不同种植密度对空心菜产量、品质的影响,试验设4个种植密度,分别为20 cm×15 cm、20 cm×10 cm、15 cm×15 cm、15 cm×10 cm,研究空心菜的生长量、产量及品质在不同种植密度的变化规律。结果表明,在夏季日光温室内种植空心菜,不同种植密度对空心菜产量及品质都有一定的影响,以20 cm×10 cm的种植密度最好,其生长量最高,产量最高,且可以降低硝酸盐含量,增加可溶性蛋白、Vc、干物质的含量,使品质达到最好。说明在日光温室内种植空心菜并不是密度越大或是越小,空心菜的生长量和产量越高、品质越好,只有在适宜的种植密度情况下,才能同时获得较高的生长量、最高的产量和最好的品质。     

银川市鸣翠湖湿地水质评价与污染物空间分布研究

为了避免单点位湖泊水质分析的片面性,提高湖泊水质分析的准确性,明确湖泊水质空间分布的特征,对银川市鸣翠湖利用国标水质分析检测方法,开展多点位水质综合评价,同时利用GIS空间分析手段中的反距离权重法,开展污染物空间分布研究。结果显示,湖泊内部不同区域综合水质评价结果存在一定的差异,单点位水质分析的结果不足以反映湖泊整体水质状况,污染物空间分布显示对水质影响较大的BOD5、CODcr、氨氮、总氮空间分布变化明显。空间分布的结果可以为湖泊水质的综合治理指明方向。因此,天然湖泊水质分析应进一步开展多点位综合评价和污染物空间分布研究。     

River Water Quality Comprehensive Evaluation for Water Source Heat Pump

River water quality is one of the important conditions must be considered when river water source heat pump is used. It is also the key factor of efficiency of river water source heat pump. Based on analysis of the water quality factors which influence the river water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, the main quality indicators and value are conformed. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the actual monitoring data, quality classification of river water which is the source of water source heat pump is analyzed. For the difficulty of multiple indicators which need to detect and meet the related national standard in practical engineering application, the definition of scaling potential value is put forward. As the water quality comprehensive evaluation index of water source heat pump, the scaling potential value not only can consider the influence of the main water quality parameters on water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, but also can conveniently and quickly provide direct basis for water quality judgment and system selection in the engineering application.     

闽江流域地表水质季节性变化特征研究

依据2007-2008年闽江流域11个断面不同季节地表水有机污染指标的跟踪监测数据,对闽江流域地表水质的季节性变化特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,地表水体中有机污染指标存在明显的季节性差异。COD浓度随季节变化以7月和11月较高,年内变化范围5.0 mg.L-1～28.0mg.L-1;NH+4-N浓度则1月、 3月较高,年内变化范围0.18 mg.L-1～2.97mg.L-1;TN和NO-2-N浓度均以11月较高,年内变化范围分别为0.81 mg.L-1～3.23mg.L-1和0.01 mg.L-1～0.15mg.L-1;TP浓度1月、11月较高。但COD、NH+4-N、NO-2-N、浓度均以9月较低。而且,COD、NH+4-N、NO-3-N 与TN;NH+4-N与TP之间存在显著正相关。相对而言,闽江流域水质随季节变化以秋季较好,冬、春季较差。