中粳新品种泗稻15号机插秧高产栽培技术

随着农业现代化进程加快,机插秧已成为稻作生产的主体模式。为此,江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所定向选育了适合机械移栽的优质抗病中熟中粳新品种泗稻15号。针对泗稻15号生物学特性开展长期栽培试验研究,集成了包含秧田准备、种子处理、播种、秧田管理、本田整地移栽、本田水肥管理、病虫草害防治等方面在内的泗稻15号机插秧高产栽培技术。     

泗优422

泗优４２２是江苏省农科院粮作所用新育成的中粳不育系泗稻８号Ａ引用湖南杂交水稻研究中心的粳稻恢复系轮回４２２测配选育而成。１９９３年４月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定，列入江苏省晚粳地区重点推广新组合。１产量表现１９９１～１９９２年江苏省杂交晚粳区试，两年平均亩产６１１．１２ｋｇ，比对照武育粳２号和秀水０４，分别增产８．２％和９．６％、在南方稻区杂交粳稻（单季组）区试中，６个点两年平均亩产５３４．０１ｋｇ，比对照秀水０４增产１２．３％。１９９２年在江苏省杂交晚粳生产试验结果，３个点平均亩产５２…     

高产稳产杂交中粳新组合泗优12

泗优12(泗稻8号A/Z12)系江苏省种子公司(江苏中江种业股份有限公司)育成的杂交中粳新组合,表现早熟,高产稳产,穗粒结构协调,高抗稻瘟病,抗倒性强,米质中等,2001年通过江苏省品种审定.     

从泗棉3号的选育实践谈棉花的株型和生理育种

从泗棉３号的选育实践谈棉花的株型和生理育种纪从亮（江苏省农林厅南京２１０００９）泗棉３号是由江苏省泗阳棉花原种场从１９８８年开始选育的，到１９９３年通过省品种审定并在大面积上推广。１９９５年仅江苏省种植面积就超过６００万亩，生产业已表明，该品种具有很...     

早熟、优质中粳扬粳687的特征特性及其栽培技术

扬粳６８７系江苏里下河地区农科所选育而成 ,２０００年４月通过江苏省品种审定委员会审定。该品种１９９８～２０００年在江淮稻区及丘陵山区大面积试种示范 ,表现早熟、优质、高产、适应性广、抗倒伏、熟相佳等特点 ,在沿江地区可一稻两用 ,既可作麦茬单季稻种植 ,又可作直播稻、豆后稻、瓜后稻和玉米后茬稻等种植模式的主体品种应用 ,适应了当前轻型栽培和农业产业化及结构调整的需求。现将该品种的主要特征特性及其栽培技术概述如下 :一、特征特性１．熟期早江苏省淮北片中粳区试结果 ,扬粳６８７全生育期１４４．１天 ,比对照泗稻９号…     

11个优质食味水稻新品种应用安全性测试

2020年在江苏省高邮市汤庄镇汉留村20组,对高邮市11个优质食味水稻新品种开展安全性测试,对其适应性、抗逆性、丰产性、生育期及主要农艺性状进行全面考察分析.测试结果显示,泗稻20号的高产稳产性最为理想;扬农稻1号、泗稻301、南粳5718具有较高的产量潜力;淮稻5号作为高邮地区当家品种(对照),2020年产量居第10位,南粳9108居最后一位.     

杂交粳稻新组合泗优9022

泗优９０２２是由江苏省淮阴市农科所与北方杂交粳稻研究中心合作育成的杂交中粳新组合，１９９７年４月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。１选育经过和产量表现淮阴农科所１９９２年引进北方杂交粳稻研究中心育成的恢复系早Ｃ９０２２与当地的泗稻８号Ａ配组，１９９...     

高产、优质、抗病新品种盐稻6号的特征特性及栽培技术

盐稻６号系江苏沿海地区农科所育成的中熟中粳稻新品种。多年多点试验示范结果表明 ,该品种具有高产、稳产、熟期适中、抗性强、适应性广、米质较优等特点 ,是一个综合性状较突出的中粳稻新品种。２００１年１２月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一、产量表现盐稻６号１９９９～２０００年参加江苏省淮北中粳区域试验 ,两年平均每６６７ｍ２产量６３１．８ｋｇ,比泗稻９号增产８．５ % (极显著 ) ,比镇稻８８增产１．０ % (不显著 ) ,居第四位。２００１年参加江苏省淮北中粳生产试验 ,每６６７ｍ２产量６２３．６ｋｇ,比镇稻８８增产…     

抗病新品种——苏棉4号

苏棉4号原名太87—2,系江苏省太仓县棉花原种场在棉花枯萎病重病地,从丰产品种泗棉2号中选择抗病单株,经过连续多年的抗性定向筛选,于1987年系统选育而成。1992年经江苏省农作物品种审定委员     

杂交晚粳泗优422

泗优422是江苏省农科院粮作所用新育成的中粳不育系泗稻8号A引用湖南杂交稻研究中心的粳稻恢复系轮回422测配选育而成。该组合属三系早熟晚粳,产量高、米质优、抗病性好。几年来参加各项试验和示范表现杂种优势明显,增产显著。1993年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,列入江苏省晚粳地区重点推广新组合。1产量表现 1989年本院小区鉴定平均亩产561.5kg,比六优3-2增产7.9%,1990年在省杂交晚粳预备试验,6个点平均亩产570.28kg,比对照武育粳2号增产5.3%。1990～1991年苏州市杂交晚粳品比试验中,6个点平均亩产611.33kg,比秀水04增产9.7%,1…     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

云南咖啡主要病虫害及防治调查研究

对云南保山、德宏、普洱等地咖啡病虫害开展调查研究,结果表明：咖啡锈病(Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack)、褐斑病(Cercospora coffeicola Berk. et Cooke)、幼苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.)、旋皮天牛(Acalolepta cervina Hope)、灭字虎天牛(Xylo     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.     

Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics

Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high M_r polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S.