欧李早熟新品种蒙原早丰和蒙原早红的选育

蒙原早丰和蒙原早红是采用实生选种法从野生欧李和草原大欧李混合实生苗中选育的欧李新品种。蒙原早丰果实近圆形,平均单果重4.45 g,果实亮红色;离核,果肉酒红色,风味偏酸,品质上等;可溶性固形物含量15.20%,可溶性糖含量3.07%,可滴定酸含量1.61%,出汁率74.25%。蒙原早红果实圆形,平均单果重6.82 g,果实亮红色;离核,果肉酒红色,风味浓,品质优;可溶性固形物含量15.60%,可溶性糖含量3.18%,可滴定酸含量1.41%,出汁率65.00%。在内蒙古呼和浩特地区,2个新品种果实7月中下旬成熟,属于早熟品种。2014年3月通过呼和浩特市农作物品种推荐小组审定。     

九个甜橙品种在江津的品质评价

对‘BSG223’等9个甜橙品种的总可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和果汁含量等指标进行测定，结果表明：综合果实外观、出汁率、可溶性固形物及可滴定酸指标，‘红6—6．1’及‘红6—6．2’可作为‘哈姆林’的替代品种。     

不同大小的刺梨果实品质特征及重要指标间的相关性

为确定刺梨产品加工中原料鲜果的质量分级依据,以贵州6个县(区)种植的4~5年生"贵农5号"刺梨果实为研究对象,测定不同大小等级的果实品质,分析品质指标间的差异性及相关性。结果表明,刺梨果实的品质特征是,中小型果的可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C和总黄酮含量较大果高,而种子数、出汁率、可食率和含酸量较大果低。果实大小与种子数、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性总糖和可滴定酸的含量与维生素C含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,可溶性固形物与维生素C含量不相关;可溶性固形物与总黄酮含量呈显著正相关;可溶性总糖、可滴定酸与总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关。刺梨的中、小型果实是产品加工的优质原料鲜果,在刺梨果实质量分级中不宜仅以果实大小作为判定质量高低的指标。     

酿酒与砧木兼用葡萄新品种‘华葡 1 号’

 酿酒与砧木兼用葡萄新品种‘华葡1号’是以‘左山一’与‘白马拉加’杂交育成,在辽宁兴城9月中下旬成熟。果穗中等大,平均单穗质量214.4 g,无小青粒及采前落粒现象。果粒圆形,紫黑色,平均单粒质量3.1 g。10月初采收,可溶性固形物含量24.1%,可滴定酸含量1.27%,出汁率70.16%;延迟到12月上旬采收,可溶性固形物含量38.54%,可滴定酸含量1.32%,出汁率20.48%。抗寒、抗病性强。产量高,用其酿造的干红和冰红葡萄酒酒质好。硬枝扦插生根率86.4% ~ 95.7%,成苗率74.1% ~ 88.5%,与‘红地球’和‘巨峰’等鲜食葡萄品种嫁接亲和力好,可作抗寒砧木。     

几个柚品种果实贮藏期的生理生化及粒化指数差异

为研究易粒化柚和不易粒化柚贮藏期间的生理生化差异,以易粒化品种三红蜜柚、红肉蜜柚和不易粒化桂红柚1号的果实为试验材料,采后贮藏于温度18℃、空气相对湿度50%的贮藏室,于贮藏0、20、40、80和120 d时取样测定了粒化指数、失重率、果肉出汁率、抗坏血酸(ASA)、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸。结果表明,桂红柚1号在采收时和贮藏期均无粒化;三红蜜柚和红肉蜜柚在采收时粒化指数分别为9.9%和7.15%,贮藏期粒化程度呈加重趋势,贮藏120 d时粒化指数分别达31.34%和24.81%。与三红蜜柚和红肉蜜柚相比,桂红柚1号呈现果肉出汁率高,ASA、可滴定酸含量高和可溶性固形物降低时间较晚的生理生化特点。桂红柚1号可作为培育不易粒化品种的育种材料。     

加工梨新品种‘中加1号’

‘中加1号’是从‘CP10’(‘锦香’梨实生优系)实生后代中选育出的梨新品种。果实近纺锤形,平均单果质量232 g,底色黄绿,阳面淡红色。果肉乳白色,肉质细腻,汁液多,石细胞少,风味甜酸,可溶性固形物含量12.24%,可滴定酸含量0.83%,出汁率80%以上,适于作冻梨、制汁、制罐。较抗梨黑星病和梨干腐病,抗寒性较强。适于在辽宁以南梨栽培区种植。     

桃新品种‘中农寒桃1号’

<正>‘中农寒桃1号’是从沈阳市桃仙乡农户中收集的自然实生单株中筛选出的中早熟抗寒桃新品种,2016年4月通过辽宁省非主要农作物品种备案委员会备案并命名。1品种特征特性果实近圆形,果肉淡红色,出汁率73.5%,果汁玫瑰红色,制汁加工性状好,常温下放置6 h不褐变;粘核,果实可溶性固形物11.3%,可滴定酸0.56%,维生素C 6.21 mg/100 g,香气浓,品质佳;平均单果重288 g,     

杏制汁适应性评价指标的探讨

以凯特×新世纪、巴旦×凯特杂交组合的F1代群体111个株系及凯特、金太阳、山农凯新1号、山农凯新2号等9个杏品种果实为试材,探讨了制汁用杏相关性状的分布特点及其评价标准。结果表明:(1)同一杏品种(株系)单果质量不同,出汁率亦有较大差异;(2)在本试验测定的性状中,单果质量和维生素C含量的分布频率接近正态分布,出汁率的分布频率呈偏态分布,而可溶性固形物含量的分布频率呈离散分布;(3)根据各个制汁相关性状的分布特点,初步提出了制汁用杏的评价标准,其中一级标准为单果质量≥50g、出汁率≥64.5%、可溶性固形物≥12%、单宁含量<0.91mg/g、维生素C含量≥0.09mg/g、糖酸比为3.33～3.98且可溶性糖含量为7.09%～7.88%,特级标准为:单果质量≥70g、出汁率≥67%、可溶性固形物≥15%、单宁含量<0.91mg/g、维生素C含量≥0.12mg/g、糖酸比为4.15～4.80且可溶性糖含量为8.12%～11.11%。     

广西野生毛葡萄“野酿2号”与“野酿1号”品种性状综合比较

以"野酿2号"、"野酿1号"2个毛葡萄品种为试材,在广西地区正常栽培管理条件下,连续5年观察并分析了2个毛葡萄品种的植物学性状、生物学性状及果实品质特性等。结果表明:"野酿2号"毛葡萄品种综合性状优于"野酿1号","野酿2号"的结果枝率为92.1%、结果枝平均果穗数2.6穗、结实系数2.4、坐果率达36.9%,均高于"野酿1号";"野酿2号"的出汁率达72.8%、总糖含量9.78g/100mL、糖酸比5.96、单宁含量为0.32g/100mL、蛋白质含量0.54g/100mL、维生素C含量6.32g/100mL、氨基酸总含量0.54g/100mL、可溶性固形物含量13.6%,均高于"野酿1号";总酸含量1.64g/100mL,低于"野酿1号";"野酿2号"果穗比"野酿1号"大,平均穗重182.91g,产量达1 360.6kg/667m2,极显著高于"野酿1号"。综合性状表明,"野酿2号"品种具有高产优质、稳产特性,生产上已逐渐替代"野酿1号"在广西壮族自治区大面积推广种植。     

早熟龙眼新品种“桂龙1号”的选育

"桂龙1号"是从广西龙眼优良实生变异单株中选育出的龙眼新品种,2014年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。在南宁,该品种7月15—20日成熟,平均单果质量11.7g,可食率67.91%,可溶性固形物含量18.5%,果肉不流汁。     

重庆开县柑橘冬季树冠覆膜对落果及果实品质的影响研究

通过对开县长沙锦橙柑橘果园实施35．55 hm2柑橘冬季树冠覆膜防冻试验,并对该果园防冻后柑橘果实进行落果数、果实可食率、果汁率、枯水个数、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、维生素c（vc）含量、总酸（TA）含量的测定,发现采取树冠覆膜的柑橘落果数、果实果汁率、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、维生素c（vc）含量、总酸（TA）含量均显著减少,而果实可食率、枯水个数均没有显著的变化。     

不同柑橘砧木对锦橙果实品质的影响

 2006—2008年连续3年研究11种砧木对铜水72-1锦橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：不同砧木对果实颜色和内在品质均有影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实亮度最好,黄色度值最高,果实最大,果皮最薄;以路比枳为砧的果实红色度值和固酸比（TSS/TA）最高,果皮最厚;以沃尔卡姆为砧的亮度最差,黄色度值、单果质量和可食率最低,中心柱最小;以C35枳橙为砧的中心柱最大且维生素C含量最低;以光皮酸橙为砧的果实红色度最低而可食率最高;以里其16-6枳为砧的果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高;以孙楚沙橘为砧的果实可滴定酸（TA）和维生素C含量最高,而TSS/TA最低;果实TSS和TA最低的砧木为枸头橙。品质综合评价,性状表现较好的为孙楚沙橘、卡里佐枳橙和C35枳橙,而表现较差的为兰普莱檬和沃尔卡姆柠檬。     

寒亭区主要甜樱桃品种果实品质比较研究

作者以当地种植合作社主栽的8个甜樱桃品种‘红灯’‘美早’‘布鲁克斯’‘萨米脱’‘黄蜜’‘先锋’‘雷尼’‘拉宾斯’为试验材料,分析测定其单果重、硬度、可食率、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量、总糖含量、维生素C含量及固酸比9项指标。结果表明,8个甜樱桃品种均能在寒亭区开花结实,且坐果率高,果实品质好,产量高,经济效益好。各品种之间果实品质存在差异:单果重,‘萨米脱’‘美早’表现突出,‘先锋’‘拉宾斯’果较小;可食率,‘萨米脱’‘美早’‘布鲁克斯’‘雷尼’‘红灯’均表现突出,‘黄蜜’最低;出汁率,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’‘黄蜜’‘雷尼’均表现突出,‘布鲁克斯’最低;果实硬度,‘布鲁克斯’‘先锋’‘美早’高,‘雷尼’‘黄蜜’低;可溶性固形物含量,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’高,‘雷尼’‘黄蜜’低。供试的8个甜樱桃品种均表现较好,可在寒亭区种植,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’综合性状表现好于其他品种,可重点推广;‘先锋’综合表现略差,‘布鲁克斯’裂果较明显,不建议扩大推广。     

The chemical composition and sensory flavour quality of ‘Mineola’ tangerines. I. Effects of fruit size and within-tree position

Summary

Maturity and taste characteristics measured were better in large, heavy ‘Mineola’ fruit harvested from the upper, external southern side of the tree, than in small, light fruit harvested from the lower, internal and northern side of the tree. Harvest and storage of ‘Mineola’ fruit increased its juice content, while fruit remaining on the tree showed an increase in total soluble solids (TSS) and a decrease in acid levels, resulting together in an increase in TSS:acid ratio and improved taste.     

Artificial Ripening of ‘Shiraz’ Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. ‘Shiraz’) Prior to Marketing

Abstract

Although it is one of the traditional fruits, persimmon production in Iran is only about 7,320 tons annually and there has been a decrease in cultivated acreage. The decrease in persimmon consumption can be attributed to the unpleasant astringency of the local Iranian cultivars. The producers' and handlers' lack of knowledge of techniques for removing astringency before sending the fruit to market has greatly influenced this issue. This study was conducted in order to develop recommendations for a simple and economical method for removing the fruit astringency of local cultivars. Fruits of a commercial cultivar (cv. ‘Shiraz’) in Fars province, Iran were harvested at the local commercial maturity stage (breaker stage). The fruits were dipped in ethanol (20, 35 and 50%), acetic acid (3, 6 and 10%), commercial vinegar, hot water (60°C) and tap water as control for 30 min. Some qualitative characteristics such as total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, total acids, pH and tannic acid of the treated fruits besides fresh weight changes were measured at 4-day intervals after storage at room temperature. Results indicate that vitamin C and TSS were highest in the 20% ethanol, hot water and 35% ethanol treatments. Total acid was highest in 10 and 6% acetic acid treatments. Tannins were highest in the control treatment and lowest in the 20% ethanol, hot water followed by 35% ethanol. Fruit juice pH was also highest in the 20 and 35% ethanol and hot water. Although tannic acid and total acid declined after treatment, fruit juice pH and TSS increased. Weight loss was lowest in the ethanol 20, 35 and 50%, and hot water treatments, respectively. Results suggest the use of 20% ethanol treatment with ‘Shiraz’ persimmon before short storage and supply to markets would be beneficial in improving consumer acceptance besides being commercially economical and practical.     

Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Properties in Alabama-Grown Blackberries During Fruit Maturation

Abstract

Changes in fruit quality attributes and antioxidative properties from six cultivars of thornless blackberries (Rubus sp.) (‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester’, ‘Loch Ness’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Triple Crown’) during four different ripening stages (red, motded, shiny-black, and dull-black) were determined under Alabama growing conditions. Berry fruit samples were evaluated for pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, TSS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, vitamin C (reduced, oxidized, and total) and antioxidant capacity (measured as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC). Significant variation among cultivars and maturity of harvest were in fruit quality attributes and antioxidative properties found. An increase in fruit pH concomitant with a decline in titratable acidity (TA) was observed during ripening for all cultivars. Total soluble solids (TSS) values increased from 5.7 to 11.6%, and TSS/TA ratio ranged from 11.9 to 63.6. Highest reducing and total sugar content were contained in dull-black fruit. Vitamin C content either declined or remained unchanged with ripening and the pattern was dependent on cultivar, maturity at harvest. In general, antioxidant activity declined between red and dull-black ripening stages. The results indicate that TSS/TA ratio and TEAC were good indicators of fruit maturity and nutritional quality, respectively.     

琼中绿橙果实品质分析

对海南省琼中县不同地区绿橙的果实外观性状及营养成分等主要品质进行分析。结果表明,琼中绿橙果实圆形,果形指数为0.98;果皮厚度为3.05mm,果皮绿色;单果囊瓣数11.03瓣,果重为171.27g,种子数为14.31粒,种子重2.58g,出汁率56.4%;可溶性固形物为10.89%,可滴定酸为0.55%,固酸比为20.24,Vc含量为47.33mg/100g。这些分析旨在为琼中绿橙品质选育和优质栽培提供一定的参考。     

ABA对“茉莉香”葡萄果实着色及品质的影响研究

以“茉利香”葡萄品种为试材,在果实转色期分别喷施0、500、1 000、1 500 mg/L不同浓度的ABA,以期研究ABA对葡萄果实着色及品质的影响.结果表明:ABA处理对“茉利香”葡萄果实重量、体积有影响,但影响不大;对果实可溶性固形物、滴定酸、还原糖和花色苷含量的影响较为显著,说明ABA处理可促进“茉利香”葡萄果实着色和果实品质的提高,喷施浓度以1 000 mg/L为最佳.     

灌溉方法与地面覆盖对柑桔果实品质、产量与冠幕光水平的影响

灌溉方法与果园地面覆盖对'Mihowase'温州蜜柑果实品质、产量、果实大小分布与冠幕光水平有一定的影响。试验在南非西开普地区连续进行了两个季节（1994／1995和1995／1996）,设微喷、滴灌及滴灌配合TyvekTM（一种白色防渗纤维纸）地面覆盖等3个处理。结果表明：处理间果实颜色、可溶性固形物含量与果汁百分率均无明显差别。然而,滴灌及滴灌结合地面覆盖处理降低果实含酸量,因而趋于提高果实固酸比。处理不显著影响果实选择性采收百分率、产量与果实大小分布。TyvekTM地面覆盖显著（P＜0．05）提高进入冠幕下部的地面反射光水平。     

李的裂果机制及防止措施

 研究李果皮组织细胞生长以及水分和可溶性固形物( TSS) 与裂果发生的关系, 对裂果发生的组织解剖特点进行了观察, 探索了喷施硼砂溶液、氢氧化钙溶液以及搭建塑料大棚等措施防止裂果发生的效果。研究结果如下: 1. 解剖学观察和显微测量表明, 绥李3号果实开裂的直接原因为果实外皮层与内部薄壁组织细胞生长不协调所致。与吉林6号和绥棱红相比, 绥李3号果实在快速生长期内部薄壁组织细胞生长速率显著过大( P < 0.05) , 而表皮细胞生长缓慢或停止。加之其表面纹饰空隙较大容易形成潜在突破口, 这样内外相互作用致使果实开裂。2. 裂果的可溶性固形物含量显著高于正常果( P < 0.05) 。3. 喷施硼砂可以减轻裂果, 但喷施氢氧化钙溶液无明显效果。4. 果实临近成熟时(8月初) , 土壤含水量与裂果程度呈正相关( P < 0.05) ; 搭建塑料大棚并在周围挖排水渠可以有效地减少绥李3号果实开裂, 说明水分是影响绥李3号裂果的主要驱动因子。